Wet and Dry Market PDF

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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A market is a place where a seller and a buyer can gather to facilitate the exchange of goods and services. It is divided into two sections, the wet and the dry market. Perishable products such as pork, beef, poultry, seafood, vegetables, and fruits are found in the wet section, whereas packed and durable goods, fabrics, and electronics are found in the dry section. It is known as a wet market because of its wet flooring, where sellers of fish, meat, and vegetables utilize water to keep their products fresh. Wet and dry markets are extremely in demand in the Philippines due to their fresh products that are delivered straight from suppliers. The wet and dry market is also one of the busiest places in the Philippines, with people arriving as early as 4 a.m. to receive the first shipment of fresh meat, seafood, veggies, and fruits. Wet markets are regularly visited by many people due to their low costs; wet market prices are lower than those found in supermarkets. Wet market sellers charge varied prices for different products, and some customers can earn discounts if they buy from the same vendor on a regular basis. It is also convenient to buy in the wet and dry markets for it is usually located in the center of the town.

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 

Fixed Stalls. Stalls exist in various sizes, such as small stalls and large stalls. The size of the sales place can vary widely; some vendors may require large spaces and storage depending on their products.

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Space for Temporary Stalls. It is important to have a space for seasonal stall so that they don’t put up a stall just anywhere that can affect the traffic flow of the market when there is already a need for it.

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Facilities. Vendors may require some lock-up space or area for their products; this is most commonly used in the market's dry section.

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Administration Office. Even though market is a government property, it is important to have an office that will facilitate the whole flow of the market.

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Main Aisle. It is the largest aisle on the market, separating wet and dry goods, and it can also direct customers through the stalls.

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Minor Aisles. It is to provide the consumer most accessible access to other stall areas.

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Public Toilets. It enables people to conveniently reach the toilet for urination or defecation to keep the market’s sanitation good.

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Parking Space. Aside for customers with cars and motorcycles, it is also for receiving and delivering trucks, and terminals for commuters.

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Entrance & Exit. The entry and exit points should be easily accessible for the consumers.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 

Space. It enables the whole circulation and movement of market activity.

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Functionality. The spaces should serve a proper function to maximize the use of it.

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Ventilation. It is important to have proper ventilation in a market especially in the wet sections so the smell from the products circulates into the air.

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Safety and Security. Since it is a large commercial building, a market design should promote safety and security for the goods, seller, and consumer.

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Lighting. It expands the area and provides comfort to the people. Lighting also makes it easier for customers and suppliers to see the products or goods.

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Colors. It gives customers a method to know what they're looking for. Paler hues are preferred in wet and dry markets because they reflect light and provide comfort.

COMPARATIVE LITERATURE

STUDY

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RELATED

Foreign Literature As mentioned by Mahmoud (2020), developing countries should ban all kinds of wildlife markets and invest in market modernization programs, including; a) a plan to develop and conduct an assessment system to determine the real needs of wet markets; b) improvements in physical infrastructures of wet market (such as separating live domestic animals, adequate water supply, handwashing facilities, sufficient and appropriately placed toilets, proper drainage, adequate light, ventilation, flow of customers, etc.). In addition to that, Rath (2020) mentioned that one problem of wet market is maintaining hygiene and food safety standards. Some stall slaughtering animals in the market itself and near the common areas where the public also shops. This may mean that the meat is being kept in poor hygienic conditions. There are often no cooling facilities and a lack of appropriate equipment including clean knives and cutting surfaces. In urban areas, wet markets and supermarkets co-exist, while in rural areas, wet markets are often the sole source of food supply. Both market types have advantages. Supermarkets implement better hygienic standards and can track the sources of their supplies in case something goes wrong. However, not all customers trust the freshness labels in supermarkets. These customers prefer the vendors in the wet market whom they know and trust, often over several years. Prices are usually lower in wet markets too. Hence, it is easier for poor people to afford fresh and nutritious food. Also, in remote rural areas of developing countries, alternatives to wet markets such as supermarkets simply do not exist. In Vietnam, and probably in many other countries, rural people and poor urban people consider “freshness” a valued feature as it is also associated with the food being of high quality and safe to eat. Meat, in particular, is of higher value if it is “warm” as it means the animal has been slaughtered on site in the early morning hours. Moreover, wet markets offer a higher diversity of fruits, grains and vegetables as compared to supermarkets. This is because the food is sourced locally while supermarkets procure high quantities of a limited number of products and goods from large wholesale markets, storing these goods in cold storage, often for long periods of time. Furthermore, based on the website of difference between info, in wet markets, sellers usually use

water to wash down foods and floors to keep them clean and humid. The humidity in the temperature ensures that the food stay fresh for longer periods of time. These markets are open from sunrise to late night, with the best produce being found early in the morning or in the evening. There is a new trend that has been going on in many places which is an enclosed wet market, where large buildings are rented out to stall vendors and the market is placed in that building. This is considered a little healthier than the open market. While dry markets usually have dry goods such as textiles, furniture¸ clothing stores, etc., these stores sometimes provide wholesale prices on such goods. The term ‘dry markets’ are used more commonly in Asian countries and Middle-Eastern countries, while the western countries use dry stores, instead. Vendors in dry markets get supplies from local small stores in bulk and then place their own prices on the item. Similar to wet markets, the dry markets can be outdoors under a canopy or in huge buildings.

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Local Literature According to Ilustrismo (2021), in the Philippines public wet and dry markets are most known as “palengke” which is in a pathway or cluster of tables or stalls that are set up at gathered in a place. To his study of a proposed public market and terminal in Carcar, Cebu City, Ilustrismo explained that the creation of a public markets has its indirect benefits that are related to boosting development downtown, enriching the park and waterfront, and farmland preservation. Included to his research building a public wet and dry market is a necessary in a hometown. It is a commercial place where consumers can avail goods on a low and affordable price. Public markets are part of the growing local economy that is supported by

entrepreneurs and governments. Relating to the design requirements and considerations in constructing a public wet and dry market its zoning, hygiene, and traffic congestion must be studied its effect to the place’s environment. The users, culture, historical background, modern setting, environment-friendly facilities, site, and transportation terminals must also be considered. Dry Market is the section where the non-food goods are located. Wet Market is the section where the meats, poultry, fish, and the like are placed. Knowing that Wet Markets are difficult to be maintained, the design of a public market must have a proper garbage collection that helps keeping vermin and pests away from the products. Having both the wet and dry in a public market it must be divided properly to keep the flow of users in proper order and the market to have proper levels. Having a consideration of having a very high and insulated ceiling is must in a public market. Putting color coding scheme to each stall that may vary to its production. The water supplies, electricity, and toilets must be located near the entrance or exit. In addition, the interior of the public wet and dry market must include wide elevated pathways, pave and tiled, and ramps for convenience. The exterior must have easy access transportation terminal and a shared parking to customers, deliveries, fishers, and vendors. Stated in the Chapter IV of Sanitation Code of the Philippines (1998), wet market is where most of the commodities for sale are readily perishable foods while the dry market is where most of the merchandise displayed for sale are dry goods. The site requirements of the market shall be located at least 50 meters (164 feet) from schools, religious institutions, public offices, funeral establishments, and other public gatherings places. and it shall be easily accessible to the public and conveyances or vehicles. The site and area shall be considered in relation to future town or city development plans. It shall comply with the local zoning laws and ordinances. Building Construction must follow the requirements in the construction and maintenance of the market and their premises, materials for construction of the market shall be durable and resistant to wear and corrosion. And the size of the market shall be of adequate size to allow smooth flow and convenient movement of both stallholders and customers or the public. And stall the minimum area of each stall shall be 3.10 square meters (33.35 square feet). And aisle the minimum width of each aisle shall be 1.20 meters (4.94 feet). Floors of the market shall be constructed of impervious materials and of such construction and finish as will make it easier and thoroughly cleaned.

The walls and partitions shall be constructed of impervious and non-toxic materials to a height of not less than 1.22 meters (4 feet) from the floor, of such construction and finish as will make them easily cleaned and they shall be painted or finished with light color. The partitions shall not extend up to the ceiling to facilitate circulation or free movement of air within the building. The roofing market building shall be provided with an adequate permanent roof that will provide both vendors and customers protection from heat, rain, and other hazards. And the lighting of all areas in the market shall be properly lighted either by natural or artificial light. The fire exit of all markets shall be provided with fire exit in accordance with the provisions of the fire code of the Philippines (P.D. 1185) and its implementing rules and regulations. Fence and gates are for security purposes, markets shall be enclosed by a fence with a height of at least 2 meters (6.5 feet) and gates with locks.

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CONCLUSION There is no doubt that the wet and dry market is one of the most essential places because it provides the basic needs of the people. Thus, as designers, we must really take time to study the needs and considerations of designing a market. Creating suitable space needs is used to provide a smooth and regulated market movement. There should be a separate zones or sections for wet, dry, and vegetables and fruits so that the water and smell from the wet section should not affect the dry goods from the dry section. It is also to separate

consumers to have an efficient flow of traffic. The temperature of the areas should be also taken into consideration while designing a wet and dry market because some essentials, such as eggs, must be kept cool. Aisles are another important factor to consider when designing because they are where customers will stroll to find and access stalls. The aisle should be wide enough for two or more individuals to walk together and pass one person standing near a stall. Entry and minor aisles should be connected in the main aisle. Parking space is also an important factor in designing a wet and dry market. Based on our observations, some market's parking spaces are just for delivering and receiving trucks so car and motorcycle owners park far from the market which is a hassle especially if you intend to buy a bulk of products. We believe that there should be parking spaces for delivering and receiving trucks, cars, motorcycles, and if possible, tricycle terminals for commuting consumers. The building is only one story, and it should have a high ceiling for ventilation. Because of the smell, ventilation is something we should think about to keep customers and vendors comfortable, and it should also keep the market clean. It is also necessary to install drainage outlets on the floor in wet areas. To conclude this study, as architectural designers, we must always provide the design needs of the community with utmost consideration to their comfort, safety, and surroundings.

REFERENCES

DOH-EHS. (1998, december 2). Implementing Rules and Regulations of Chapter IV "Markets and Abattoirs" of the Code on Sanitation of the Philippines P.D. 856. Retrieved from doh.gov.ph: https://doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/Chapter_4_Markets_and_Abattoirs.pdf Farless,

B.

(2010).

The

Antipolo

Wet

Market.

bradleyfarles.com,

https://bradleyfarless.com/2010/06/07/the-antipolo-wet-market/. Fulgencio, E. S. (2018). 5 Public Markets in the Philippines Worth Checking Out. yoorekka.com, https://yoorekka.com/magazine/metro-manila/2018/01/12/5-public-markets-in-the-philippinesworth-checking-out. Ilustrismo, I. (2021). A PROPOSED PUBLIC MARKET AND TERMINAL. pdfcoffee. Mahmoud, B. (2020, June 2). Modernized Wet Markets: An Approach to Prevent Future Global Public Health Crises. Retrieved November 16, 2021, from Food Safety Magazine: https://www.foodsafety.com/articles/6611-modernized-wet-markets-an-approach-to-prevent-future-global-publichealth-crises Rath, T. (2020, June 5). Why do wet markets matter? Retrieved November 16, 2021, from IFAD Investing in Rural People: https://www.ifad.org/en/web/latest/-/blog/why-do-wet-markets-matter-...