What Is Global Divide - Grade: b+ an essay research on the definition and extracted meaning of globalization PDF

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What Is Global Divide?Global divide - is about the different factors that affect the improvements or advancement of different places all around the globe. There is pre- division before world war 1 Distance is no longer a problem or issue. Global divide- Global North -rich and industrialized countrie...

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What Is Global Divide? Global divide - is about the different factors that affect the improvements or advancement of different places all around the globe. There is predivision before world war 1 Distance is no longer a problem or issue. Global divide- Global North -rich and industrialized countries Global South -poor and developing countries. The term global divide connotes disparities in income and living conditions between the advanced and developing states.

TWO DIVISIONS OF GLOBAL DIVIDE GLOBAL NORTH – rich and industrialized countries GLOBAL SOUTH – poor and developing countries GLOBAL NORTH - these countries are basically rich countries where they experienced advancements in modern technology and all services are accessible. Top 10 countries that have the best work-life balance (2019) 1. Netherlands 6. Lithuania 2. Italy 7. Norway 3. Denmark 8. Belgium 4. Spain 9. Germany 5. France 10. Sweden GLOBAL SOUTH - poor and developing countries - these countries are left behind. Even access to basic social services is a matter of privilege. Many places remain stricken by underdevelopment, poverty, and inequality. Top 10 world’s poorest countries 1. DR Congo 6. Haiti 2. Mozambique 7. Ethiopia 3. Uganda 8. Tanzania 4. Tajikistan 9. Kyrgyzstan 5. Yemen 10. Uzbekistan

Contemporary Global Divide How can we consider if the country is under Global North or Global South? It is based on the level of development or improvement that the country achieved, to be

specific… is what we called GDP per capita (Gross Domestic Product per Capita)  Average income per person  This measure of income is a useful way for comparing levels of development.  Increase in GDP is caused by increase in national productivity.  In terms of development, using GDP per capita approach was about following the rich industrialized countries. Income Inequality- a measure of how the wealth in the economy is distributed among the population. Economic Growth is a plus for poverty alleviation, but only when inequality is constant. Income Inequality is an important part because it tells about the conditions in the society. Income Inequality is also a constraint on development Poverty  Is defined as an extremely low level of income. Types of Poverty  Absolute Poverty -refers to income below minimum level required for physical survival. (1 dollar per day)  Moderate Poverty -is typically an income of 2 dollars per day, a level in which basic needs are barely met but survival is not actually threatened.

Human Development Index  One measure of development is called HDI and looks at the three indicators:  Income (is about GDP per capita of one country)  Education (knowledge and literacy of every individuals)  Expectancy (measurement of age) According to the United Nations Development Programme, in 2015 the Philippines ranks 116th, two notches below its 2014 rank as 114th of the 188 countries included. Life Expectancy- 68.3 years Years of Schooling- 11.7 years Income- 8,395 US Dollars Stages of Growth (Rostow, 1999)  Traditional Societyhas a traditional community, cultures, and beliefs. Elite individuals are those who govern small areas. Agricultural

industry is where they get their resources.  Transitional Societyhas aspirational citizenry. Had a vision of modernization  During Take-off- it is a high level of social change, there is already a great freedom.  Mature Society- strong organized society  High Mass Consumer Society- high level of change in terms of technology. Competing Perspectives on Global Divide  Modernization Theory  Dependency Theory  Neo-Liberal Theory  World System Theory

Modernization Theory  This theory argues that societies undergo stages of growth and move from traditional to modern one.  Traditionalism ---à Modernization  Poor countries must follow the path of advance countries to development.  Once key foundations of modernity are in place, these countries will “take off” toward prosperity and a modern, high consumption consumer economy. Dependency Theory  It argues that the root cause of poverty and underdevelopment is imperialism as well as dependency of poor nations on the rich nations  It is a counterargument in modernization theory.  According to dependency scholars, industrial capitalism brings exploitation.  The local economies are distorted in that they serve mostly the needs of advanced countries but not the needs of local populations.  Poor societies are not born but made  They believed that modernization theory is ethnocentric.  Dependency scholars advocate protectionist economic policies one is import substitutions industrialization. Neo-liberal Theory  intellectual basis of this theory comes from the neo-classical economics, which combines arguments supportive of free market with

scientifically inclined school of economics.  They suggest the little role of the state in managing the economy.  This theory was the backbone of US "Reaganomics" and was a driving policy of Margaret Thatcher in the UK.  For economists within this mainstream school, the culprits are the paternalistic politics that favor cronyism, corruption, and bloated bureaucracies; command economies; fatalistic attitudes, institutions, and technology.  The policies prescribed by neoliberalism and advanced by the IMF have been called the Washington Consensus. World System Theory  The argument of dependency thinkers that the cause of underdevelopment and poverty is external intervention continues in world system theory, developed by Immanuel Wallerstein.  He describes the modern world system as being composed of different:  -core centers of power - Dutch capitalists, United kingdom, and US.  -semi-peripheral countries - serve as a middlemen to core countries' interests.  -periphery - which consists of the poorest countries.  They disagree that the key actors in the modern world include multinational corporations, international financial institutions, global media, and technology and trade but believed that the core nations allowed these countries into the semi-periphery to facilitate capitalist expansion into new peripheral markets. GLOBALIZATION AND THE GLOBAL SOUTH o Walden Bello, a Filipino political economist, argues that the new globalizing structure does not eliminate the traditional geopolitics of power between rich and poor state. o Globalization clearly remains a process led by a few states, mostly in North America, Japan, and the European Union. o According to the World Bank, three countries (China, Brazil, and India) are now among the top ten economies of the world.

o China and the other BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) want to renegotiate international economic integration and trade....