Wireless mobile charger PDF

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A project report about the implementation of a wireless charger...

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WIRELESS MOBILE CHARGER

A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN

ELECTROMAGNETICS

Submitted by:

TURSÉLIO PIRES MAHOQUE- 2K19/EC/196 BONFACE MUKUVI ANGATIA- 2K19/EC/222 Under the supervision of

MR. SUMIT KUMAR KHANDELWAL

DEPARTEMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering) Bawana Road, Delhi-110042

MAY, 2021

DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering) Bawana Road, Delhi-110042

CANDIDATES’ DECLARATION We,

TURSÉLIO

PIRES

MAHOQUE

&

BONFACE

MUKUVI

ANGATIA,

2K19/EC/196 & 2K19/EC/222, respectively, second year students of B. Tech. Electromagnetics, hereby declare that the project Dissertation titled “WIRELESS MOBILE CHARGER" which is Department

of

Electronics

and

submitted by

Communication

us to the

Engineering,

Delhi

Technological University, Delhi in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology, is original and not copied from any source without proper citation. This work has not previously formed the basis for the award of any Degree, Diploma Associateship, Fellowship or other similar title or recognition.

Place: Delhi

TURSÉLIO

PIRES

MAHOQUE BONFACE MUKUVI ANGATIA Date: May 24th, 2021

DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering) Bawana Road, Delhi-110042

CERTIFICATE I hereby certify that the Project Dissertation titled "WIRELESS MOBILE CHARGER" which is submitted by TURSÉLIO PIRES MAHOQUE & BONFACE MUKUVI ANGATIA, 2K19/EC/196 & 2K19/EC/222, respectively, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology, is a record of the project work carried out by the students under my supervision. To the best of my knowledge this work has not been submitted in part or full for any Degree or Diploma to this University or elsewhere.

Place: Delhi Date: May 24th, 2021

MR. SUMIT KUMAR KHANDELWAL SUPERVISOR

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to the Almighty God, for keeping giving us His blessings, allowing us to have the opportunity to be students at DTU. Our deepest appreciation to our families and friends for their endless love, support and encouragement. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to our Electromagnetics lecturer, Mr. Sumit Kumar Khandelwal, for always provide his guidance, and lecturing with great enthusiasm and patience, leaving no space to doubts, enabling us to do the project and the report in the best possible way.

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the conception and construction of a wireless mobile charger using inductive coupling. To achieve the desired objective, the electronics components and materials used were an N-channel MOSFET, rectifier diodes, LEDs, voltage regulator, resistors, capacitor, enamelled copper wire and DC voltage suppliers. The project consists of two circuits: A transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit. The transmitter circuit consists of DC source, oscillator circuit and a transmitter coil, and its function is to produce and transmit AC power. The receiver circuit consists of receiver coil, rectifier circuit and regulator. When the receiver coil is placed at a distance near the inductor Ac power is induced in the coil. This is rectified by the rectifier circuit and is regulated to DC 5V.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Candidates’ declaration............................................................................................................i Certificate.................................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgement...................................................................................................................iii Abstract....................................................................................................................................iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................1 1.1.

General........................................................................................................................1

1.2.

Objectives....................................................................................................................1

1.3.

Methodology................................................................................................................2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW & PROJECT’S DESCRIPTION.......................3 2.1.

Literature review.........................................................................................................3

2.1.1.

Wireless charging.................................................................................................3

2.1.2.

Wireless charging using microwave.....................................................................4

2.1.3.

Inductive coupling wireless charger.....................................................................5

2.1.4.

Fulton’s bidirectional wireless charger................................................................7

2.1.5.

Chargebite wireless charger.................................................................................8

2.2.

Project’s description....................................................................................................9

2.2.1.

Components used.................................................................................................9

2.2.2.

Project’s working explanation............................................................................10

CHAPTER 3: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION...........................................................12 3.1.

Discussion..................................................................................................................12

3.1.1.

Advantages of the project...................................................................................12

3.1.2.

Disadvantages of the project..............................................................................12

3.2.

Conclusion.................................................................................................................12

REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................14

TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Wireless charging simplified diagram.......................................................................3 Figure 2: Wireless charging using microwaves.........................................................................4 Figure 3: Inductive coupling block diagram.............................................................................6 Figure 4: Fulton's bidirectional.................................................................................................7 Figure 5: Chargebite wireless charger.......................................................................................8 Figure 6: Transmitter's circuit.................................................................................................11 Figure 7: Receiver's circuit......................................................................................................11 Figure 8: (a) Assembled transmitter (b) Assembled receiver (c)Prototype.............................11

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1.

GENERAL

As time goes by, emerging technologies are making humanity’s life simpler. As an example, there are of mobile phones, whose introduction has rapidly and greatly changed humans’ lives. But although there is much advancement in the technology, there is still reliance on the wired battery chargers, in spite the fact that it presents some risks, such as power fluctuations. It was by thinking in the above-mentioned problem that the present project was chosen, a wireless mobile charger. This project falls in the categories of case study and solutions to real time social and economic problems.

1.2.

OBJECTIVES

The project had as its objectives the following aspects: 

To implement a wireless mobile charger;



To delimitate the advantages, disadvantages and applications for the project;



To present possible solutions, if any, to solve or mitigate the impact of the disadvantages.

2 1.3.

METHODOLOGY

Following is the methodology implemented for the realization of the project: 

Exploratory research;



Qualitative research;



Bibliographic research;

3

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW & PROJECT’S DESCRIPTION

2.1.

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1.1. Wireless charging Wireless charging is the transmission of energy from a power source to a consuming device without wires or cables. This means that all wireless charging technologies are comprised of both a transmitter (or charging station) that transmits that energy and a receiver (integrated inside a device) that receives the energy to charges the battery of the device. In simpler terms, wireless charging is the transfer of power from a power outlet to your device, without the need for a connecting cable. It involves a power transmitting pad and a receiver, sometimes in the form of a case attached to a mobile device or built into the phone itself. When we said it was cable-free, it is not quite, because the pad will have a cable going from the outlet into it Wireless mobile charging circuit mainly works on the principle of mutual inductance. Power is transferred from transmitter to the receiver wirelessly based on the principle of “inductive coupling”.

Figure 1: Wireless charging simplified diagram

4 2.1.2. Wireless Charging Using Microwave The microwave charging set up consists of two sections: the first section is the transmitter and the other, located in the mobile phone side, is the receiver section. To carry out the mobile phones recharging anywhere you want without traditional charger this is achieved only when there is utilization of microwave signal which is transmitted from transmitter at a frequency of 2.45GHz. Typically, the transmitter design includes generation of a carrier signal, which is normally sinusoidal, optionally one or more frequency multiplication stages, a modulator, a power amplifier, and a filter and matching network to be connected to an antenna as shown in the figure below:

Figure 2: Wireless charging using microwaves

The receiver side includes a rectenna and a sensor. The function of the rectenna is to convert the microwave signal into the dc power. Schottky diodes are used to construct rectenna. They are normally arranged in a mesh pattern. Rectenna is very efficient to convert the microwave signal into the dc electric power. The dimensions of rectenna can be reduced by utilizing the nano technology. The sensor is another important part of the receiver. The phone is going to be charged while a person is talking. So, the function of the sensor is to detect whether the mobile phone is utilizing microwaves or not.

5 Advantages: 

Electric energy is saved.



The mobile phone can be charged anytime anywhere even if the position is freed from facilities for mobile phone charging.



The microwave radiation works on far field at a greater distance. In addition, for the far-field technique, the transmitter is not affected by the absorption of the radiation .

Disadvantages: 

The transmitter and the receiver also should be very powerful devices as the distance increases the charging is very slower.



The far-field power charging is inversely proportional with the distance.



When supplied equal power, mobile phones take longer time to charge comparing with the traditional charging, due to its lower efficiency.



Not safe when the microwave density exposure is high.



It is costlier.



Line-of-sight charging.

2.1.3. Inductive Coupling Wireless Charger Two conductors are said to be inductively coupled or magnetically coupled when they are configured such that a change in current through one wire induces a voltage across the ends of the other wire through electromagnetic induction. A changing current through the first wire creates a changing magnetic field around it by Ampere’s circuital law. The changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF or voltage) in the second wire by Faraday’s law of induction. The amount of inductive coupling between two conductors is measured by their mutual inductance. The coupling between two wires can be increased by winding them into coils and placing them close together on a common axis, so the magnetic field of one coil passes through the other coil. Coupling can also be increased by a magnetic core of a ferromagnetic material like iron or ferrite in the coils, which increases the magnetic flux. The two coils may be physically contained in a single unit, as in the primary and secondary windings of a transformer, or may

6 be separated. Coupling may be intentional or unintentional. Unintentional inductive coupling can cause signals from one circuit to be induced into Inductive power transfer technique is being utilized in various applications for transmitting power wirelessly. Chargers of inductively coupled type are being utilized for wireless charging of iPad, MP3 Player, mobile phones, and other handheld devices

Figure 3: Inductive coupling block diagram

WPT using inductive wireless charger can be included three parts. First, sender, the sender transmits electromagnetically power through inductive coils which provide a wireless transmit of power to receiver part. Second part is inductive coupling (sender coil and receiver coil), which acts as the antenna (sender antenna and receiver antenna), and forwards the power to the bridge rectifier. Third, bridge rectifier that converts the induced voltage from the ac to the dc voltage, and finally the dc voltage will recharge the battery and provide the load. Figure 3 depicts the block diagram of inductive WPT Shielding materials like the presence of books, hands and certain types of plastics do not affect the WPT much. Advantages: 

No tedious wire work required.



Safety increases.



Low maintenance cost.



Durability, less wear and tear on the socket of the device and attaching cable.

Disadvantages: 

Efficiency is lower.



Charging is slower.



Doesn’t work over large distances.

7 2.1.4. Fulton’s Bidirectional Wireless Charger Fulton Innovation revealed its bidirectional charging technology called eCoupling. The technology would essentially allow someone to charge their mobile phone by simply putting it on the back of a tablet, as shown in Figure 4, or another device that has enabled Qi. Fulton Innovation has modified Qi WPT technique that permits for the charging of mobile devices without plugging the mobile devices in, by simply placing them on a power station connected to an outlet

Figure 4: Fulton's bidirectional

In the bidirectional power supply as the name suggests, phone will not only receive the power but it also can transmit power to another device which can receive this power. Here all you need to do is to install e-Coupled technology in your phone. First when these two Qi enabled phone will come near to each other the device with more battery than other will ask user how much percent he wants the charging in the other device. According to it, the device with extra battery will charge the other device. It can not only charge the phone but with the help of it we can charge something more power consuming than phone. Advantages: 

We will not need any pad to charge the phone.



It charges the phone as a speed of wall mounted wired charger.

Disadvantages: 

We cannot use the phone while the charging is in process.



We cannot charge the phone by putting it away from the host phones.

8 2.1.5. Chargebite Wireless Charger Due to the short battery lives in smartphones, it is inevitable that one can face a situation in which a critical task such as making an emergency phone call, sending a business-related email or reaching a contact information in the device may not be performed. As it is very unlikely that all such devices in the vicinity will deplete their battery at the same time, such a power sharing solution could be a promising remedy especially in emergency situations in which even a small amount of charge could be sufficient to perform the urgent task because even a short duration of energy sharing could extend a critical task (e.g., 12 seconds of charging will enable one-minute call or two minutes of charging can support 4 minutes of video watching). Power sharing between mobile devices could be achieved by various power sharing methods such as chargebite charger. Chargebite was firstly introduced by Asaf Gaber and his partner Liran Elihay. The working of chargebite is so much different from the other entire wireless charger available in the market. Basically, chargebite is a device with which we have to connect another two iPhones and these two iPhones charge the third iPhone which is connected. It drains battery from two iPhones and delivers the power to the third one. Chargebite is completely portable and can be attached to a keychain as shown in Figure 6a. Chargebite contains no power USB, ports outlets, or charging cables. It can be called as social charger which needs no pre-charging or preparations because it acts no more than a transmission medium between mobile phones. ChargeBite combinations can be obtained in three different colours as depicted in Figure 5(b).

Figure 5: Chargebite wireless charger

9 Advantages: 

It does not need any induction coil or a capacitive batter.



It is reliable.



It is small in size and hence portable.

Disadvantages: 

It works with 30-pin iDevices only.



It needs at least another two iPhones to charge a single iPhone

2.2.

PROJECT’S DESCRIPTION

2.2.1. Components used The implementation of the project was implemented by using the following electronic components: 

IRFZ44N transistor;



1N4007 diodes;



7805 voltage regulator;



LEDs;



Resistors (1kΩ and 250Ω);



Capacitor (1000μF);



Switch;



Enamelled copper wire;



PCB...