Women of Troy Quote bank PDF

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Notes for unit 3/4 english
- women of Troy
- The dressmaker
- The crucible...

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Exam Revision The Woman of troy Troy o o o o o o o o

“all worship ceases, and theres no longer anything left worth a Gods consideration” – Poseiden Pg 6 “Troy has ceased to exist” – Hecuba Pg 9 “…out city destroyed…” – Cassandra Pg 17 “reduced the whole lot to ashes…” – Talthybius Pg 57 “to leave my homeland, to leave my city, to watch them burning it to the ground.” – Hecuba Pg 58 “troy, our beautiful city, no longer exists. They are burning, burnig it all.” – chours Pg 58 “there is no place on erth called Troy.” – chours Pg 60 “Troy is finished” – chours Pg 61

Gods o o o o o o o o o o o

“I am a God” – Poseiden Pg 1 “ive been insulted, my temple desecrated!” – Athene Pg 8 “oh you gods…betrayers!” – Hecuba Pg 24 “daer gods what terriable retribution..” – Hecuba Pg 25 “ The gods always hated us.” – Andromache Pg 30 “ I see what the gods are doing, making monumenys of worthless men, and demolishing the good.” – Hecuba Pg 31 “the gods have grownd me in an ocen of misety.” – Hecuba Pg 34 “the gods are destroying us all.” – andromoche Pg 37 “for us false dreaming, false hopes. The gods hate troy.” – chours Pg 40 “o zeus… yo have betrayed us to the greeks…” – chours Pg 49 “everything I have done in my life has ment nothing to the vindictive gods…” – Hecuba Pg 56

Loss/Suffering o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

“Howl..” – Hecuba Pg 9 “…for mu children dead, for my husband dead…” – Hecuba Pg 9 “…Punishment of everlasting sorrow.” “…no relief.” Pg 12 “what howling, can give toungue to pain no animal could endure.” – chours Pg 13 “Ah…pain,and still more pain…!” – Hecuba Pg 16 “…farther murdered..” – Cassandra Pg 17 “what I am suffering, and have sufferd, what I will suffer yet…” – hecuba Pg 24 “I have wept…” – Hhecuba Pg 25 “…invent new sounds for my greif…” – chours Pg 26 “the sobbing, the moans.” – Hecuba Pg 29 “…I am in misery.” – Hecuba Pg 29 “ I’ve lost my home. I’ve lost my children. Everything”- Hecuba Pg 30 “they are beyond weeping.” – Hecuba Pg 30 “suffering people find some comfort in tears.” – chours Pg30

o o o o o o o o o

“To give voice to greif…” – chours Pg 30 “your anguished words give voic to my deepest agonies and fears.” – chours Pg 33 “They mean to kill him.” (astynax) – Talthybius Pg 35 “Aieee, aieee…” – andromoche Pg 35 “there is no agony we don’t already feel, no abyss of pain to discover.” – Hecuba Pg 38 “your poor ghoast wanders aimlessly in the dark.” – chours Pg 50 “time will bring no relif.” – Hecuba Pg 56 “…ectasy of pain.” – Talthybius Pg 58 “home gone, country gone.” – chours Pg 59

Slavery o o o o o o o o o

“…facing a life of savery.” – Chours Pg 11 “I’d be happy enough to live there.” (Aceptance) – chours Pg 13 “O’athens, god-favoured city of Theseus, may I come to you…” - chours Pg 13 “…lackeys. slaves yourselves…” – cassandra to Talthybius “our slavery is his doing!” – Andromoche Pg 30 “…born royal, and made slaves!”- Abdromoche Pg 31 “…meaning his whore,to be a slave…” – andromoche Pg 33 “my life in troy was the most abject slavery…” – Helen Pg 44 “your slavery is beginning.” – Hecuba Pg 60

To live is to suffer o o o o

“…whose misery is greater, the daed, whose day is passed, or the living, who must live in slavery?” – Hecuba Pg 11&12 “there is no happiness. The lucky ones are dead.” – Hecuba Pg 26 “…and she’s happier dead than I am living.” – Andromoche Pg 31 “anyone born mortal and living in this world, who thinks himself prosperous and secure, is a fool.” – Hecuba Pg 54

Dehumanisation o o o o o o

“…who has won her, Cassandra…” – Hecuba Pg 14 “ …son of achillies will hang up troys plundered splendor…” (referring to Andramoche) – chours Pg 28 “we are loot…” – Andromoche Pg 31 “…soldiers plunder..” – Andramoche Pg 31 “…dehumanized, reduced to a thing…” – chours Pg 50 “likr loot they are stealing us.” – Hecuba pg 59

Pride, morals and dignity o o o o o

“Agamemnon made a special note for her…” – Tlahybius Pg 15 “the really shameful thing is to die dishonourably, ignobly, withoutpride.” – Cassandra Pg 21 “…reputation as the ideal wife..” – andromoche Pg 32 “someone tough and unthinking they need for this job, without pity and no sctuples.” – Talthybius Pg 38 “loyalty, duty, love? Not worth that much to you, any of it!” – helen Pg 46

Lust o o o o

“… As a slave of his lust!” – Hecuba Pg 18 “…let uncontrollable lust for this mad women get the better of him.” Talthybius Pg 22 “…because of that one womemn and her love affair!” – Hecuba Pg 25 “…you were met with lust the moment you saw him…” – Hecuba Pg 45

Revenge o o o o o

“…I’ll kill him, and destroy his whole family…” – Casandra Pg 19 “…one moment of uncontrollable lust, sent a hunting party to track down helen…” – Cassandra Pg 19 “my real motive was to get my hands on the man who stole my wife…” – memelaus Pg 40 “…to kill her…” – Menelaus “that’ll teach you what it costs to humiliate me.” – menelauss Pg 48

Barbarity of War o o o o o o o o o o o o

“…tens of thousands dead!” “wild animals will eat Apollos consecrated priestess.” – cassanra Pg 23 “and I saw every one of them slaughterd by the swards…” – Hecuba Pg 25 “…a whole generation of women raped in their own bedrooms…” – chours Pg 28 “murdered at Achillies tomb, as a sacrifice to dead.” – Andromoche Pg 31 “my poor child…ritually murdered, filthy, sacrilege…butcherd like an animal…! “ – Hecuba Pg 31 “there is no decent way to say an indecnt thing.” – Talthybius Pg 35 “they mean to kill him.” – Talthybius Pg 35 “…not a victum to be callously muerderd, butched by greeks!” – andromoche Pg 36 “…the greeks have butcherd the lot…” – Menelaus Pg 40 “ I was raped, not married.” – Helen Pg 44 “…terrified of a little child.” – Hecuba Pg 52

Futility of war o o o

“…and they kept dying. And for what reson?” – Cassandra Pg 20 “…for nothing…” – Cassandra Pg 20 “any sensible man must hate war…” – Cassandra Pg 21

Vitory o o

“they won the greatest of all glories. Theu died fighting for their fartherland!” – Cassandra Pg 20 “… youll greet me with joy for the victory I bring.” – Cassandra Pg 24

Men and women o

“…provoke the hatred of the man whose power is total over me and mine.” – andromoche Pg 33

Hope o

“…this grandson of mine to be the savior of troy.” – Hecuba Pg 34

o

“sons of yours…one day to build the city from the ashes…” – Hecuba Pg 34

Historial Context Lisas study Guide o

The Trojan war occurred as a result of the conflict between Greece and Troy and was said to last for over 10 years. According to a tale, during a festival on the Olympus, Athena, Aphrodite and Hera were fighting over a golden apple. They chose a random mortal, which was Paris who would then be the Prince of Troy, to decide who the most beautiful goddess of the three was. As a reward for picking her, Aphrodite promised Paris that he would be married to the most beautiful woman in the world, which was Helen – wife of Menelaus, the Spartan prince. Aphrodite had her son Eros (a cupid) enchant Helen and Paris so that they would fall endlessly in love with each other. Helen then escaped from Menelaus’ palace to be with Paris, starting the war between Greece and Troy. Menelaus was enraged and he convinced his brother Agamemnon to lead an expedition to retrieve Helen. The Greek army was commanded to attack the Trojans. The siege lasted for more than 10 years until the Greeks came up with a strategy to abduct Helen from the palace. The Greek soldiers build a giant wooden horse and hid in there to get in the citadel of Troy, attacking them in the middle of the night and winning the war. After the war, the Greek heroes slowly made their way home, however, the journey home was not easy. Odysseus took 10 years to make the arduous journey home to Ithaca because Poseidon agreed to punish the Greeks for the atrocities committed before and after their victory.

Cummings study guide o

....... Euripides wrote The Trojan Women a short time after an army from Athens, Greece, attacked Melos, an island in the Aegean Sea, to force its inhabitants to become members of an alliance against the Greek city state of Sparta. The Athenians also demanded tribute. After the island residents refused to yield to the Athenian demands, the Athenians overran the city, killing male defenders who stood their ground and capturing women and children to serve as slaves. It is possible that Euripides wrote The Trojan Women to protest the incursion against Melos.

Eduqas study guide o

Trojan Women is a masterpiece of pathos and a timeless and chilling indictment of the brutality of war. It is often considered one of Euripides’ greatest works and as among the best anti-war plays ever written. Euripides wrote Trojan Women a short time after an army from Athens, Greece, attacked Melos, an island in the Aegean Sea, during the Peloponnesian War. They did this in order to force its inhabitants to become members of an alliance against the Greek city state of Sparta and they also demanded tribute. After the island residents refused to yield to the Athenian demands, the Athenians overran the city, killing male defenders who stood their ground and capturing women and children to serve as slaves. Many consider this to be the principle influence on the writing of the play and cite the raging

moral indignation contained within it as evidence that Euripides wrote Trojan Women to protest the incursion against Melos. Litcharts

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The Trojan Women takes place in the aftermath of the Trojan War. This a central conflict in Greek mythology, likely based on real-life battles between Bronze Age Greek soldiers and the “Trojans,” people living in present-day Turkey sometime between 1100 and 1200 BCE. Additionally, Euripides was probably inspired by real-life contemporary conflicts. In the year that he wrote The Trojan Women, soldiers from Athens had recently captured a small Greek Island, killing its men and enslaving its women — a situation carefully depicted in his tragedy.

Mythology Vate study guide

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The details of the Trojan legend are generally credited to Homer, as Iliad and Odyssey are the earliest surviving works detailing the characters and events of the end of the war. While the historical legitimacy of such a war is under debate, it is now widely accepted that the city did exist, and was destroyed, presumably in war, around 1200BCE . It is believed that the legend is historical fiction, possibly based on a conglomeration of several sieges and battles to create the ‘ten year war’. Regardless, the legend itself has captivated writers and audiences for millennia; Euripides and his contemporaries were inspired to create many accounts (occasionally contradictory ones) based on Homer’s work. What makes The Women of Troy distinct is Euripides’ treatment of war and victory, and his rejection of kleos (the Ancient Greek concept of honour or renown earned through glorious battle).

Edquas study gudie o

Euripides also based the play on the myths and legends about the Trojan War. Archaeological and historical evidence suggests that the war actually took place, approximately between 1350 and 1100 BC. However, ancient storytellers mythologised the events before, during and after the war, saying gods and goddesses took sides and even intervened in battles to affect the outcome of the war and the fates of heroes.

Cummings study guide

o .......In the ancient Mediterranean world of the second millennium BC, feminine beauty reaches its zenith in Helen, wife of Menelaus, the king of the Grecian state of Sparta. Her wondrous face and body are without flaw. She is perfect. Even the goddess of love, Aphrodite, admires her. One day, Aphrodite competes with other goddesses in a beauty contest in which the winner is to receive a golden apple. The judge is a young Trojan named Paris. Aphrodite tells him that if he selects her she will award him the most ravishing woman in the world. After Paris chooses Aphrodite, she tells him about Helen, who lives in Greece with her husband, Menelaus, the king of Sparta. Forthwith, Paris goes to Greece, woos Helen, and absconds with her to Troy, a walled city in Asia Minor (in present-day Turkey). .......The elopement of Helen and Paris is an affront to all the Greeks. How dare an upstart Trojan invade their land! How dare he steal the wife of one of their kings! Which Greek family would be next to fall victim to a Trojan machination? Infuriated, King Menelaus and his brother, Agamemnon, king of the state of Mycenae, assemble a mighty army of brother

Greeks who include the finest warriors in the land. Together, they cross the sea in one thousand ships to make war against Troy and win back their pride—and Helen. .......After years of fighting, one of the Greek leaders—Odysseus, the king of Ithaca—devises a plan to end the war. He suggests that the Greeks construct a great wooden horse as a weapon of war. A Greek named Epeus supervises its construction. Afterward, a Greek with a persuasive tongue deceives the Trojans into believing that their foes have wearied of the war and that the giant horse, which stands at the gates of Troy, is a parting gift. Seeing no Greeks on the battlefield, the Trojans move the horse into the city. At night, Greek soldiers hiding inside the belly of the horse drop down and open the gates of the city for Greek armies hiding outside. The Greeks pour into the city and overwhelm the Trojans, wreaking slaughter and destruction and taking women as captives. Euripides tells the story of these captives as he imagines it.

Characters Lit charts o

Hecuba – The former Queen of Troy. She is arguably the play’s protagonist; she never exits the stage, and acts as the Trojan Women’s emotional heart. Once a proud noblewoman, a loving wife, and a doting mother, with Troy’s defeat Hecuba has been reduced to a slave. However, even as she prepares herself for her bleak future, she holds on to her former values and as much of her former dignity as she can. She remains practical, always thinking about her family and what remains of her legacy. She deeply loves her sons and daughters, and although their safety is out of her control, she exercises what small power she has to try and help them. She has a deep capacity for emotion — love for those who she respects, and hatred for those, like Helen, who she sees as immoral or unethical.

Cassandra – A Trojan woman, the daughter of Hecuba and Priam. As a young woman she was cursed by the god Apollo, and given the ability to see the future. However, her curse dictates that no one believes her prophecies, and so she is able to see events before they unfold but is unable to prevent them. Already seen as unwell before the fall of Troy, Cassandra is now considered insane by almost all who know her, her instability heightened by her imminent enslavement. However, even when caught up in fits of foresight, Cassandra remains dedicated to her family and to avenging her murdered father, brothers, and sisters. Andromache – A Trojan woman, the wife of Hector, mother of Astyanax, and daughter-in-law of Hecuba. She deeply loves her child and her murdered husband, and dreads her upcoming pseudo-marriage to the Greek Neoptolemus, who has claimed her as his own. While Hecuba argues that she should go willingly into her enslavement, Andromache remains too proud, and too in love with Hector, to imagine anything but an unhappy future with her captor. Talthybius – A Greek soldier, who acts as a herald and a messenger. He is one of only two mortal men in the play, and the one with the most face time with the women of Troy. Although he represents an enemy state, his relationship with the women is surprisingly sympathetic. He must carry out his orders, and many of his orders will hurt the women either directly or indirectly, but he does his best to mitigate their suffering. He is a complicated figure, but does his best to be a sensitive person, even as he enables the rape and enslavement of the women of Troy. Menelaus – The King of Sparta and the former husband of Helen, who he has fought the Trojan War

for, and who he now intends to transport back to Greece and kill for her disloyalty. Although Menelaus is her enemy, Hecuba treats him with respect, and he awards her the same courtesy. The only woman he has no respect for is Helen, who he seems to hate and distrust but also lust after. Helen – The most beautiful mortal woman in the world. Formerly of Sparta and wife of the warrior King Menelaus, Helen eloped to Troy with Paris, causing the Trojan War. Now, at the end of ten years of battle, the other characters, Hecuba and Menelaus especially, blame her for all the lives lost and the destruction wrought. In her own words, Helen was merely a victim of fortune, first bewitched by Aphrodite who brought Paris to her, and then held in Troy by force. However, it is impossible for the audience to fully trust Helen, as Hecuba and Menelaus are constantly casting doubt on her claims. Still, she can be played as sympathetic, a well-meaning woman swept along by chance, or as self-absorbed, an active agent in her own life who eloped of her own free will and stayed with Paris because she wanted to, caring little for the lives lost on her behalf. Athena – The Greek goddess of wisdom and war. She, along with Hera and Aphrodite, participated in a beauty contest judged by Paris. Because the Trojan Paris did not select her as the winner, she sided with the Greeks in the Trojan War. However, when Greek soldiers desecrated her temple Athena quickly turned against them. Astyanax – The young son of Andromache and Hector. Although a toddler, and old enough to talk, he does not speak during the play. He is murdered by the Greeks for fear that he could grow up to become their enemy. His death and burial (with Hector’s shield as his coffin) marks the tragic climax of the play. Hera – The Greek goddess of women, marriage, and birth. She is the sister of Poseidon and is both Zeus’s sister and wife. Along with Athena and Aphrodite, Hera participated in a beauty contest judged by Paris. Because the Trojan Paris did not select her as the winner, Hera sided with the Greeks in the Trojan War. Aphrodite – The Greek goddess of love, beauty, and desire. Along with Hera and Athena, Aphrodite takes part in a beauty competition judged by Paris. She promises Paris that if he wins he can marry Helen, the most beautiful mortal in the world. Aphrodite wins, and so introduces Paris and Helen, thus starting the Trojan War. Poseidon – The Greek god of the ocean, earthquakes, and horses. Poseidon built the city of Troy together with the god Apollo, and therefore remained on the Trojans’ side in their fight against the Greeks. He is the brother of Zeus, and the uncle of Athena. Zeus – The Greek god of sky and thunder, and the ruler of the Greek pantheon. His siblings include Hera (who is also his wife) and Poseidon. He has many children, some gods, some demigods, including Apollo, Athena, and Heracles. The Chorus – The chorus is a group of unnamed Trojan women. Now enslaved by the Greeks, they were likely formerly Hecuba’s handmaidens. Priam – The King of Troy, husband to Hecuba, and father to Cassandra, Paris, Hector, and many others. Although he has died before the play begins, his memory lives on in Hecuba’s lamentations. He remains greatly respected by his living family. Ajax – A Greek soldier, also known as Ajax the Lesser, to distinguish him from the other Greek warrior, Ajax the Great. He does not appear onstage, but is said to have raped Cassandra before the play begins.

Epeius – A Greek engineer who created the Trojan horse, an enormous hollow statue used to smuggle Greek soldiers into the city of Troy. Theseus – The mythical founder of Athens. A semi-historical figure respected by both Greeks and Trojans alike. Odysseus – A famously cunning Greek warrior, the protagonist of the Odyssey, and the...