Workbook - Lab BIO320 Part 1 PDF

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*UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)Branch Perak Campus TapahBIO 320INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICALDIVERSITYWorkbook : Laboratory Session 1-(PART 1)Student Name Wan Irdina Nabilah Binti Meor DzulkernieStudent ID 2020556185Group A4AS1204AH/P Number 019-215 6504Email Address irdinanabilah05@gmailLecturer Name...

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BIO320 / OCT 2021 – FEB 2022

*

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) Branch Perak Campus Tapah

BIO 320 INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Workbook : Laboratory Session 1-3 (PART 1) Student Name Student ID Group H/P Number Email Address Lecturer Name FOR LECTURER USE ONLY

Session

Mark

Lab 1

/10

Lab 2

/20

Lab 3

/20

Total

/50

Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM

Wan Irdina Nabilah Binti Meor Dzulkernie 2020556185 A4AS1204A 019-215 6504 [email protected] Mr. Zulfadli Mahfodz

BIO320 / OCT 2021 – FEB 2022

Instructions : 1. Answer ALL questions in this workbook. 2. For each laboratory session, you are given several video links to assist you in answering the questions. You may use other reliable references to complete your task. 3. DO NOT alter this workbook, please use the space given to write your answer accordingly. 4. Each student must submit this workbook individually. Failure to submit, may cause you to lose 20% of your continuous assessment marks. 5. Should you need any further clarification about the assignment, please consult with respective lecturers.

Laboratory Schedule LAB SESSION / WEEK

LINK i.

1 – Bacteria ii. 1-7 Nov 2021 (W4)

iii.

i. 2 – Protista ii. 8 – 14 Nov 2021 (W5)

iii.

i. 3 – Fungi ii. 29 Nov – 5 Dec 2021 (W7)

6-12 Dec 2021 (W8)

Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM

Bacteria structure https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7g_o-Mhse0 Shape of bacteria https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vRgzY8cu6c Gram positive & Gram negative https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Didrc3wJ3E8 Animal – like Protist https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBn54L-O9s4 Plant – like Protist https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfsBofDsrkU Fungus – like Protist https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcuxtdr4FgQ Characteristics of Fungi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70LA0mijzCM Importance of Fungi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBhhXkEJmOc

Workbook (Part 1) – Submission

BIO320 / OCT 2021 – FEB 2022

Laboratory Session 1 (Bacteria) 1. Label the following structures. (4 marks)

A B C D

flagellum capsule cell wall cell membrane

E F G H

pilli cytoplasm ribosomes chromosome

2. Name the following shape and give example for each. (3 marks) Shape of bacteria

Name coccus

Example micrococcus leuconostoc

Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM

bacillus

lactobacillus

vibrio

vibrio cholerae

BIO320 / OCT 2021 – FEB 2022

3. Differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (3 marks)

Feature

Gram-positive

1. cell wall

Gram-negative

thick cell wall

thinner cell wall

2.peptidoglycan layers

consists up to 30 layers of peptidoglycan

consists of only single layer of peptidoglycan

Example

staphylococci, streptococci

klebsiella, acinetobacter

Laboratory Session 2 (Protista) 1. What are the three informal groups of Protista? Describe their general characteristics and give two examples from each group. (6 Marks) Group of Protista Animal-like protists

Plant-like protists

General Characteristics

Example

1. Unicellular

1. Amoeba

2. Eukaryotic

2. Actinophyrus

1. Unicellular to simple multicellular

1. Euglena 2. Chlamydomonas

2. Has cell wall

Fungus-like protists

1. Body form consist of hyphae

1. Physarum 2. Saprolegnia

2. has cell wall

2. Briefly describe how amoeba obtain their foods? (2 marks)

-

amoeba obtain their foods by carrying out phagocytosis, they extend their pseudopodia to draw and engulf the food .

Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM

BIO320 / OCT 2021 – FEB 2022

3. What are the differences between cilia and flagella? (2 marks)

-

Cilia are hair-like cell organelles that protrude from the surface of a living cell. Whereas, flagella are long, thread-like cell organelle that are found on the surface of a living cell.

4. By using specific examples, discuss the economic importance of algae. (3 marks)

Economic importance 1. Algae’s natural substance can be utilised as food and as a fertiliser

2. Algae is important for alkaline reclamation as it helps with soil binding.

3. Algae plays an important role in pisciculture because it aids in the production process and maintaining the health of marine ecosystems.

5. By using this video, [ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mj1WJFqos6Y ] summarize the systematic ways of eliminating household mold. (7 marks) - The first approach that can be done is by analyzing the problem by determining the exact amount of mold growth in our impacted area Larger moldy areas including sewage backup are best left to the professionals. The second step is to eliminate moisture source by making the area permanently dry for permanent freedom of mold regrowth. Followed by the third step which is to make decisions on removal. Some moldy surfaces are good for treatment and restoration, but it is usually easier to remove and replace the moldy region in bigger sections. Nextly, It is critical to dry the area because it is essential for success and air circulation. Heaters and dehumidifiers are the most effective in drawing moisture out. The fifth step is to Kill mold and discourage regrowth by using non-toxic mold control solutions such as chromium mold treatment. After that, remove mould spots with a stain eraser, which is an oxygen-based agent that eliminates stains without affecting the colour of the surrounding material. The final step of eliminating household mold is to ensure the mold degrowth by keeping areas dry.

Laboratory Session 3 (Fungi) 1. List five (5) general characteristics of fungi. (5 marks) - Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are non-vascular, non-motile, and heterotrophic organisms. - Fungi might be unicellular or filamentous in nature. - The fungi proliferate by the means of spores. - Fungi lack chlorophyll and are therefore unable to photosynthesize. -

Fungi have a cell wall composed of chitin and polysaccharides.

Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM

BIO320 / OCT 2021 – FEB 2022

2. Attach a picture of the following structures and label accordingly. (5 marks) Hyphae

Mycelium

hyphae septum → cell wall ↷ nucleus ↝

vacuole →

.

3. Discuss the importance of fungi (with specific examples) from the following aspects. Please refer to the link given. (10 marks) Aspect

Discussion

Food

Some mushrooms such as button mushroom are edible and can be eaten which are cultured and

Medicine

Fungi are a valuable source of antibiotics that assist in destroying disease-causing microbes. For example, penicillin and streptomycin.

Source of vitamin

Fungi like erymothecium ashbyii are utilised in synthesization vitamin B-riboflavin that helps in body growth and energy production.

Indicator for environment contaminatio n

Lichen that contains both algae and fungi aids in the measurement of air pollution. In the food production process, lichen's fungal hyphae absorb nutrients such as carbon dioxide. Pollutants are accumulated on the lichen as carbon dioxide is absorbed, suggesting that the air is polluted.

Economic values

Fungi and mushrooms are grown in farms, which can provide a substantial source of income for people.

Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM

BIO320 / OCT 2021 – FEB 2022

Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM...