Workbook - Laboratory Session BIO320 PDF

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####### *UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)Cawangan: Sabah Kampus: Kota KinabaluBIO 320INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICALDIVERSITYWorkbook: Laboratory BIOStudent Name RAZLAN BIN HABILStudent ID 2018209302Group AS1204AH/P Number 011 5312 1510Email Address razzyhabil@gmailLecturer Name ANSIR SALIMFOR LECTURER##...

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BIO320 / MAC-JULY 2020

*

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) Cawangan: Sabah Kampus: Kota Kinabalu

BIO 320 INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Workbook: Laboratory BIO320 Student Name Student ID Group H/P Number Email Address Lecturer Name

RAZLAN BIN HABIL 2018209302 AS1204A4 011 5312 1510 [email protected] ANSIR SALIM FOR LECTURER USE ONLY

Sessio n Lab 1

Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM

Mark /20

Lab 2

/20

Lab 3

/20

Lab 4

/20

Lab 5 Total

/20 /100

BIO320 / MAC-JULY 2020

Instructions : 1. This workbook must be completed and submitted individually. 2. Use this workbook during your lab session weekly (refer to lab schedule below). 3. You will be given links to several videos to assist you in answering the questions in this workbook. Watch the video prior to answering the questions. 4. You may use other reliable sources that available online to assist you. 5. Every student must be responsible to submit this workbook to their respective lecturers via online platforms before the due date. Failure to submit, may cause you to lose 20% of your continuous assessment marks. 6. Should you need any further clarification about the assignment, please consult with your lecturer. 7. Each topic consists of 20 marks. Answer ALL questions in this workbook. DO NOT alter this workbook, please use the space given to put your answer accordingly.

Laboratory Schedule TOPIC / WEEK

1 – Bacteria

LINK i. ii.

Shape of bacteria https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vRgzY8cu6c Gram positive & Gram negative https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Didrc3wJ3E8

i. ii.

Animal – like Protist https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBn54L-O9s4 Plant – like Protist https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfsBofDsrkU

20-26 April 2020

2 – Protista 27 Apr – 3 May 2020

iii.

3 – Fungi

i. ii.

Characteristics of Fungi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70LA0mijzCM Importance of Fungi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBhhXkEJmOc

i.

Seedless Non-Vascular Plant (Life cycle of Marchantia sp.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GwVNqRvjZLU Gymnosperm VS Angiosperm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGZNHGY98ZE Structure of flower https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJ5K78_TIEY Monocot and dicot plants https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDeei76ii5E

4 – 10 May 2020

4 – Plantae

ii. iii.

11 – 17 May 2020 iv.

5 – Animalia

Fungus – like Protist https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcuxtdr4FgQ

i. ii. iii.

Body forms of Cnidaria https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dgre5EBQLaM Characteristics of Mollusca https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=f97Yy_8XX4I Characteristics of Annelida https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3uxHkGreFU4

18 – 24 May 2020 iv.

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Characteristics of Arthropoda https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=6wvIWXyOWgw

BIO320 / MAC-JULY 2020

22 Jun – 1 July 2020

Submission Week

Laboratory Session 1 (Bacteria) 1. Give name for all the following shapes and give an example of bacteria for each. (6 marks) Shape

Name

Example

Spherical

Streptococcus Pneumonia

Rod-shaped

Clostridium

Spiral

Leptospira Interrogans

2. Differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (14 marks)

Feature

Gram-positive

Gram-negative

1.

Peptidoglycan layer

Thick layer

Thin layer

2.

Gram reaction

Retain crystal violet dye and stain dark violet or purple

Can be decolorized to accept counterstain (safranin) and stain red

3.

Teichoic acid

Present in many

Absent

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BIO320 / MAC-JULY 2020

4.

Outer membrane

Example

Absent

Present

Hay bacillus

E. coli

Laboratory Session 2 (Protista) 1. What are the three informal groups of Protista? Describe their general characteristics and give two examples from each group. (9 Marks) Group of Protista 1. Animallike (Protozoa)

2. Plant-like (Algae)

3. Funguslike (Mold)

General Characteristics

Example

1.

Unicellular cells

2.

Have no cell wall

3.

Sexual and asexual reproduction

1.

Autotrophic organism

2.

Cell wall is thin and rigid

3.

Can be multicellular or unicellular cells.

1.

Cell walls contain chitin

1. Rhizopus

2.

Multicellular cells except for yeast. Heterotrophic organism

2. Neurospora

3.

1. Amoeboi d 2. Flagellat e

1. Red algae 2. Euglenid s

2. Briefly describe how amoeba obtain their foods? (2 marks) Amoeba obtains its food by the process of endocytosis. It has flexible cell membrane. It engulfs the food particle with the help of pseudopodia and then forms a vacuole around it. When the particles completely trapped the amoeba secretes digestive enzymes that digests the food.

3. What are the differences between cilia and flagella? (3 marks)

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Cilia are short and there are usually many cilia per cell. Cilia also can be found only on eukaryotic cells only. On the other hand, flagella are longer and there are fewer flagella per cell. Flagella can be found on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

4. By using specific example, discuss the economic importance of algae. (3 marks)

Economic importance 1. Antibiotics – Chlorella and Caulerpa are used for extracting antibiotics. 2. Agriculture – Sargassum and Gracilaria are commonly used as green manure. 3. Food – Carrageenan used in the food industry for their gelling, thickening and stabilizing properties.

5. Complete the life cycle of plasmodial slime molds. (3 marks)

A

B

F

C E

D

a. Zygote b. Feeding plasmodium

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BIO320 / MAC-JULY 2020

c. d. e. f.

Young sporangium Spores Amoeboid cells Flagellated cells

Laboratory Session 3 (Fungi) 1. List five (5) general characteristics of fungi. (5 marks) - Fungi are heterotrophic. - Most of the fungi are terrestrial. - The cell wall is made up of chitin. - Fungi contain glycogen and oil as a stored food material. - Structures are made of the same type of filamentous cell.

2. Attach a picture of the following structures and label accordingly. (5 marks) Hyphae

Mycelium

3. Discuss the importance of fungi from the following aspects. Please refer to the link given. (10 marks) Aspect Food

Medicine

Discussion Fungi are also important as food source for human. Many mushrooms are edible and different species are cultivated for sale worldwide. While fungi are also widely used in production of many foods and drinks. These include cheeses, beer, wine, bread, some cakes and some soya bean products. The fermentation of grains to produce beer and fruit to produce wine is from the presence of yeast. Fungi are naturally to produce antibiotics to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, limiting their competition in the natural environment. Penicillin, perhaps the most famous of all antibiotic drugs, is derived from a common fungus called as Penicillium.

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BIO320 / MAC-JULY 2020

Erymothecium Ashbyii is an example of fungi that are used in the synthesizing of vitamin B-riboflavin which helps in body growth and energy production.

Source of vitamin

Indicator for Lichen are symbionts that consist fungi and algae. Fungi helps in absorbing environment nutrients whereas algae prepare food by photosynthesis. Fungi are also contamination essential recycle for the environment. As a decomposer, they break down organic material and restock the environment with usable nutrients. Fungi or mushroom are grown in farms which is a good source of income for Economic farmers. In agriculture, fungi play an important role as maintaining the values fertility of the soil and causing crop and fruit diseases, forming basis of many industries and as important means of food.

Laboratory Session 4 (Plantae) 1. Choose the right answer by coloring (with light red) the box to complete the life cycle of Marchantia sp. (5 marks)

1

2

3

4

5

Question

Answer Archegonia

1 Antheridia Archegonia

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BIO320 / MAC-JULY 2020

2 Antheridia Peristome cup 3 Gemma cup Thallus 4 Rhizoid Thallus 5 Rhizoid

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BIO320 / MAC-JULY 2020

2. Give five (5) differences between gymnosperm and angiosperm. Use the diagram given to help you.

1

Feature Seeds

Gymnosperm Seeds are naked

Angiosperm Seeds are enclosed

2

Style and stigma

Absent

Present

3

Flowers

Do not produce flower and fruits

Produce flowers and fruits

4

Production of cones

Produce male and female cones

Do not produce any cones

5

Ovary and ovules

Ovary is absent and has a naked ovules

Ovary is present and has a ovules that covered inside ovary

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3.

The structure of a flower. Name the structure according to the label. (5 marks)

b.(i) a.

a.(i)

b.(ii)

a.(ii)

b.(iii)

c. f.

e. d.

a.

b.

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Stamen i.

Anther

ii.

Filament

i.

Stigma

ii.

Style

iii.

Ovary

c.

Petal

d.

Receptacle

BIO320 / MAC-JULY 2020

4. e.

Ovule

f.

Sepal

Attach a suitable picture to show the differences between characteristics of monocotyledon and dicotyledon. (5 marks) CHARACTERISTI C Embryos

MONOCOTYLEDON

DICOTYEDON

One cotyledon (for example only)

Two cotyledon (for example only)

Parallel

Netlike

Stem

Vascular tissues scattered

Vascular tissues usually arranged in ring

Root

Fibrous root

Leaf venation

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Taproot

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5.

Pollen

One opening

Three openings

Flower

Multiples of three

Multiples of four or five

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BIO320 / MAC-JULY 2020

Laboratory Session 5 (Animalia) 1. Identify two types of body forms in Cnidaria and name the parts. (5 marks)

A

3

2

B 4 5 6

1

7

8

Body form

Body part

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A) B)

Polyp Medusa

1) 2)

Body stalk

3)

Tentacle

4)

Gastrovascular cavity

5)

Gastrodermis

6)

Mesoglea

7)

Epidermis

8)

Mouth/anus

Mouth/anus

BIO320 / MAC-JULY 2020

2. The four major classes of molluscs are Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda. With an example, state two (2) characteristics of each class. (5 marks)

Class

Example (Give common name and attach picture)

Characteristic

Polyplacophora i.

Shell forms as a series of 7 to 8 separates plates.

ii.

Lacked eyes and sensory tentacles.

i.

Undergo a distinctive developmental process known as torsion.

ii.

Has a single, spiral shell into which the animal can retreat when threatened.

i.

Has a shell divided into two halves which are hinged and powerful adductor muscles.

ii.

Mantle cavity contains gills that are used for gas exchange and feeding.

i.

Has a closed circulatory system.

ii.

Prominent food divided into tentacles.

Chiton Gastropoda

Land snail Bivalvia

Clam Cephalopoda

Octopus

3. Define the following terms. (5 marks) Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM

BIO320 / MAC-JULY 2020

Term

Definition One of the cross walls that divide a fungal hypha into cells. Septa generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell. The elongated stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte.

Septa

Setae Hermaphroditic

Bilateral symmetry Closed circulatory system

An organism that has complete or partial reproductive organs and produces gametes normally associated with both male and female sexes. Body symmetry in which a central longitudinal plane divides the body into two equal but opposite halves. A circulatory system in which blood is confined to vessels and is kept separate from the interstitial fluid.

4. Complete the table below to study the characteristics of some classes in Arthropoda. (5 marks)

Features Name of body regions

Number of legs Arrangement of legs

Segmentation

Number of antennae

Class Arachnida

Class Crustacea

Class Insecta

Head, thorax Cephalon (head), pereon and abdomen. (thorax) and pleon(abdomen) . 6 8 5 3 pairs of 6 pairs of appendages; 4 Have five pairs of legs; one pair pairs of legs and jointed legs, and on each of in some species, the 3 2 pairs of segments. the front pair mouthpart of legs are appendages. modified to form strong pincers. Five-segmented Three main abdomen with a Segmented with body sting on the segments: one pair of distal end. appendages per the head, thorax and segment and abdomen. arranged into distinct tagmata. Cephalothorax (anterior) and abdomen (posterior)

0

1 pair

2 pairs Name of major sensory organs

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Trichobothria (tactile hairs), Ocelli (simple eyes) and

Tactile eyes, Compound eyes and statocysts.

Simple eyes and compound eyes,

BIO320 / MAC-JULY 2020

lyriform (slit).

Name of major mouthparts

antennae and sound reception (tympanic membrane on each side of body).

Chelicerae

Mandibles Mandibles

Give one example

Scorpion

_________________________________

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Crab

Ladybird beetle

Thank You ________________________________...