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ekonomikisa da biznesis safuZvlebi paragrafi I Sesavali

ras Seiswavlis ekonomika? ekonomika _ rogorc mecniereba, Seiswavlis, rogor iyenebs sazogadoeba sakuTar resursebs im saqonlisa Tu momsaxurebis sawarmoeblad da gadasanawileblad, rac saWiroa misi saWiroebebisa da moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad. yovelive zemoTqmuli ufro gasagebi rom gaxdes, pirvel rigSi, avxsnaT Tu ras niSnavs sazogadoebis mier sakuTari resursebis gamoyeneba saqonlisa da momsaxurebis sawarmoeblad. amisaTvis ganvmartoT ramdenime cneba: resursebi resursebi aris is, rasac sazogadoeba nawarmis Sesaqmnelad da momsaxurebis gasawevad iyenebs. magaliTad, saxnav-saTesad vargisi miwa erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi resursia, amaze qvemoT gveqneba saubari, Tumca dedamiwaze arsebuli es resursi ar aris mTlianad aTvisebuli, (albaT mravalgan ginaxavT daumuSavebeli miwebi). im saxnav-saTes savargulebs, romelsac sxvadasxva ferma Tu sawarmo amuSavebs, anu, zogadad, ama Tu im resuris im nawils, rac konkretul warmoebaSi gamoiyeneba sawarmoo faqtori ewodeba. cxadia, resursis rac ufro didi nawili iqneba sawarmoo faqtorad qceuli, miT metad iqneba konkretuli resursi aTvisebuli da gamoyenebuli. is sazogadoeba ki, romelic mis xelT arsebul resursebs maqsimalurad iTvisebs, ekonomikuri keTildReobis ufro maRali doniTac xasiaTdeba. resursebi da Sesabamisad, sawarmoo faqtorebic, 4 kategoriad iyofa:  bunebrivi resursebi (miwa) _ bunebriv resursebs sxvagvarad miwasac uwodeben, Tumca aq, ra Tqma unda, mxolod miwa ar igulisxmeba, aramed bunebrivi resursia yovelive is, rac sasargebloa sakuTar bunebriv mdgomareobaSi: miwa, tye, wiaRiseuli, wyali da a.S. magaliTad, navTobis mwarmoebeli kompaniebi iyeneben bunebriv resurss wiaRiseuli navTobis saxiT. es maTi umTavresi sawarmoo faqtoria. aseve, sakurorto zonaSi arsebuli sastumro iyenebs bunebriv resurss, es iqneba mTa, zRva, tye, gansakuTrebuli buneba, hava Tu sxva, rac am sastumros gansakuTrebiT momxibvlels xdis turistebisTvis.  adamianuri resursebi (Sroma) _ yvela Sromisunariani adamiani, ukve dasaqmebuli an potenciuri muSaxeli adamianur resurss warmoadgens. am resursidan warmoebis faqtors warmoadgens nebismieri muSakis Sroma (kompaniis prezidentidan _ maRaziis gamyidvelamde), vinc dasaqmebulia 1

saqonlis warmoebisa Tu momsaxurebis sferoSi. roca adamianur resursze vsaubrobT, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania avRniSnoT misi iseTi maxasiaTeblebi, rogoricaa codna-gamocdileba da janmrTeloba. cxadia maRalkvalificiuri gamocdili da janmrTeli TanamSromlebi gacilebiT mets Seqmnian, vidre igive raodenobiT, uvici gamoucdeli da janmrTeloba Seryeuli muSaxeli, romelic periodulad avadmyofobis gamo naxevrad acdens samsaxurs.  kapitaluri resursi _ adamianis mier Seqmnili resursTa erToblioba, rogoricaa: fuli, kompiuterebi, danadgarebi, xelsawyo-iaraRebi, Senobebi da a.S., rac bizness nawarmis Sesaqmnelad da momsaxurebis gasawevad esaWiroeba.  samewarmeo unari _ siaxleze momarTuli saqmiani adamianebi, romelnic mzad arian riski gaswion axal-axali biznesebis wamosawyebad da gasaviTareblad. warmoeba warmoeba aris procesi, romlis Sedegadac resursebi, anu sawarmoo faqtorebi, gardaiqmneba prduqtad, romelsac Semdgom momxmarebeli moixmars sakuTari saWiroebebisa da moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad. magaliTad, roca limonaTis qarxana awarmoebs forToxlis limonaTs, is iyenebs: bunebriv resurss _ miwas, sadac dargulia forToxlis nargavebi da modis mosavali, havas, TviTon forToxals, da a.S.; adamianur resurss _ im momuSaveebis Sromas, vinc krefs forToxals, muSaobs qarxanaSi sawarmoo xazze, monawileobas iRebs forToxlis Semdgom gadamuSavebaSi, gadatvirTvaSi, qarxnis teritoriis dasufTavebaSi, dacvaSi, produqtis gayidvaSi, procesebis teqnikur da kompiuterul uzrunvelyofaSi da a.S.; kapitalur resurss _ is satvirTo manqanebi, romelTa meSveobiTac xdeba forToxlis gadazidva, is danadgarebi, romelTa saSualebiTac xdeba limonaTis Camosxma, konveierebi, kompiuterebi da a.S. samewarmeo unars _ yovelivem gamarTulad rom imuSaos saTanado gaZRola, dagegmva da organizebaa saWiro, aseve sakuTar klientebsa Tu konkurentebTan urTierTobas Taviseburi alRo sWirdeba, konkurencias rom gauZlo mudam siaxleebis ZiebaSi unda iyo, rac TavisTavad moiTxovs garkveuli riskis gawevas. yovelive amas samewarmeo unars vuwodebT. maS, gamovida, rom TiToeuli boTli limonaTis Sesaqmnelad, garkveuli doziT, monawileobs bunebrivi resursebi, adamianuri resursebi, kapitali da samewarmeo unari. yvela am resursis (sawarmoo faqtoris) gamoyenebiT iqmneba produqti, nawarmi, anu warmoebis Sedegi. im resursebs, rac sawarmoo faqtorebis saxiT gamoiyeneba warmoebis procesSi produqtis Sesaqmnelad Senatanebs vuwodebT, xolo warmoebis Sedegad miRebul produqts _ nawarms, gamosavals.

2

w a r

mo e b a

Senat anebi r esur sebi (sawar m oo f aqt o r ebi ): bunebr i vi

r esur si

adam i anur i r esur si kapi t al i sam ewar m eo unar i

(m i wa) (Sr om a)

gamo saval i pr o duqt i

(nawar m i)

saqonel i m om saxur eba

saWiroebebi, moTxovnilebebi da moTxovna risTvis ixarjeba resursebi da iqmneba produqti? produqti iqmneba raTa daakmayofilos momxmarebelTa saWiroebebi da moTxovnilebebi. saWiroeba aris is, rac aucilebelia gagaCndes, uromlisodac ver gadarCebi. amis kargi magaliTaia saWmeli. kvebis gareSe, cxadia ver vicxovrebT. aseve tanisamosi, TavSesafari da samedicino momsaxureba. moTxovnileba aris raime konkretuli produqtis qonis survili, rac Cvens saWiroebebs akmayofilebs yovelgvari saWiroeba garkveul moTxovnilebaSi gamoixateba, rac kargi iqneba, gvqondes, magram ar aris aucilebeli. amis magaliTia musika. bevrma SeiZleba Tqvas, musika saWiroebaao, umusikod ar SemiZlia cxovrebao, magram is mainc moTxovnilebad darCeba, radgan musika, saWmlisgan gansxvavebiT, ar aris aucilebeli gadarCenisTvis. magaliTad, rogorc vTqviT, saWmeli aucilebelia gadarCenisTvis, yvelam saWiroa miviRoT garkveuli odenobiT cximebi cilebi da naxSir-wylebi, magram TiToeul Cvengans SeiZleba gansxvavebul saWmelze gauCndes moTxovnileba, viRacas xinkali moundes, viRacas Semwvari kartofili, da viRacas wiwiburis fafa. miuxedavad imisa rom kveba saWiroebaa is konkretuli saWmeli, romlis Wamac gvindeba moTxovnilebaa.. aseve aucilebelia zamTarSi rame CavicvaT, rom ar gaviyinoT, magram miuxedavad imisa, rom Cacma saWiroebaa, is, Tu konkretulad rogori tipis, stilisa Tu romeli firmis mier Sekerili tansacmlis yidvis survili gagviCndeba _ moTxovnilebaa. analogiurad, gadaadgileba aris saWiroeba, cxadia adamiani dabadebidan sikvdilamde erT adgilze ver iqneba darWobili xesaviT, magram is Tu ris saSualebiT gadaadgilebaze gauCndeba moTxovnileba, ukve individualuri gemovnebis sakiTxia, viRacas SeiZleba velosipedi izidavdes, sxvas konkretuli markis manqana, motocikli, TviTmfrinavi, cxeni, an saerTodac fexiT siaruli. vinaidan saWiroeba da moTxovnileba Zalze zogadi cnebebia, realur cxovrebaSi rTulia gaarCio konkretuli produqti saWiroebaa Tu moTxovnileba. rogorc ukve mixvdebodiT, saWiroeba zogadia da ar asocirdeba romelime konkretul produqtTan, maSin roca moTxovnilebebi da moTxovna SeiZleba romelime konkretul produqtze gagviCndes. saWiroebebi maradiulia, _ adamians yovelTvis sWirdeboda da dasWirdeba gamokveba, magram moTxovnilebebi icvleba, Cndeba da qreba. magaliTad sxva adamianebTan komunikacia yoveli Cvenganis saWiroebaa, magram moTxovnileba imisa, rom komunikacia davamyaroT mobiluri telefonis saSualebiT, rac sruliad bunebrivia Cvens epoqaSi cxadia, aravis gauCndeboda ramdenime aTeuli wlis win. anu moTxovnileba SeiZleba Seiqmnas, Seicvalos da gaqres kidec. 3

am ukanasknelis magaliTi iqneba moTxovnileba sabeWd manqanaze. warmoidgineT ramdeni gverdi ibeWdeba yoveldRiurad sxvadasxva samsaxeurebSi msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi. daaxloebiT 30 wlis win sabeWdi manqana nebismieri ofisis ganuyreli atributi iyo, magram personaluri kompiuterebis gaCenam am ukanasknelze moTxovnileba praqtikulad nolamde daiyvana. moTxovna aris raimes qonis survili da misi yidvis SesaZleblobac. anu is, rac Cveni survilebidan rCeba, roca finansuri SesaZleblobebidan gamomdinare ocnebebs frTebi SeekvecebaT da fexs miwaze davdgamT. magaliTad, yvela Cvenganis saWiroebaa iqonios TavSesafari, raTa ar daawvimos da daaTovos Tavze, magram, rogorc vTqviT, yvela saWiroeba individualur moTxovnilebaSi gamoisaxeba. vTqvaT, SeiZleba gagviCndes moTxovnileba gvqondes sam sarTuliani vila, baRiT, auziT da kortebiT, magram saqme saqmeze rom midges, finansuri saSualebebidan gamomdinare moTxovna ganvacxadoT, anu, gamovTqvaT mzadyofna SeviZinoT 1-oTaxiani bina mravalsarTulian sacxovrebel korpusSi. am SemTxvevaSi saWiroeba iqneba raime saxis TavSesafari; moTxovnileba _ sam sarTuliani vila, baRiT, auziT da kortebiT; xolo moTxovna _ 1-oTaxiani bina mravalsarTulian sacxovrebel korpusSi. ekonomikis mTavari problema rogorc ukve vTqviT, sazogadoeba iyenebs mis xelT arsebul resursebs _ bunebriv resurss, adamianur resurss, kapitals, samewarmeo unars – raTa awarmoos produqti, rac daakmayofilebs mis saWiroebebsa da moTxovnilebebs, magram aq vawydebiT or fundamentur problemas:  

resurebi aris SezRuduli adamianTa moTxovnilebebi _ usazRvro

es ki imas niSnavs, rom sazogadoebas arasodes ar eyofa resursi, raTa sakuTari moTxovnilebebi daikmayofilos. Sesabamisad, is mudmivad dgas arCevanis, anu, alternativis winaSe. vTqvaT, Tu qalaqis municipaliteti sadme parkis gaSenebas gadawyvets, vinaidan qalaqSi miwis farTi SezRudulia, iq, cxadia, veRar aSendeba sacxovrebeli kvartali, an savaWro centri da a.S. analogiurad, nebismieri Cvenganic mudmivad alternativis winaSe vdgavarT, vTqvaT Tu CavjdebiT taqsSi, SeiZleba fuli aRar gveyos imisTvis, rom viyidoT nayini da a.S. saqmes arTulebs isic, rom resursebi ar aris sazogadoebis wevrebs Soris Tanabrad gadanawilebuli, anu, sazogadoebis nawils meti resursi gaaCnia sakuTari moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad, nawils ki naklebi, metic, sazogadoebis garkveul nawils imis sakmari resursic ki ar gaaCnia, rom elementaruli moTxovnilebebi daikmayofilos. ekonomikuri mecniereba, swored imas Seiswavlis, Tu rogor marTavs sazogadoeba mis xelT arsebul SezRudul resursebs. rogoraa is sazogadoebis wevrebs Soris gadanawilebuli, rogor unda iyos gamoyenebuli resursebi da rogor unda gakeTdes arCevani, raTa maqsimaluri sargebeli iqnas miRebuli.

4

resursebis SezRuduloba aris ekonomikuri mecnierebis gaCenis safuZveli, radgan, resursebi rom ar yofiliyo SezRuduli da sazogadoebis yvela wevrisTvis yvelaferi xelmisawvdomi yofiliyo, arc imis saWiroeba gaCndeboda vinmes Seeswavla Tu rogor marTavs sazogadoeba mis xelT arsebul resursebs da rogor gaakeTos arCevani sxvadasxva alternativebs Soris, imisTvis, rom SezRuduli resursebi maqsimalurad sasargebelod gamoiyenos. yovelive amaze didi xania ekonomistebi fiqroben da ekonomikuri keTildReobis gaumjobesebis sxvadasxva gzebs saxaven. isini ZiriTadad ori mimarTulebiT akeTeben aqcents:  

arsebuli resursebi ufro efeqtianad iyos gamoyenebuli maqsimalurad Tanabrad gadanawildes resursebi sazogadoebis wevrebs Soris

ekonomistebis im nawils, romelic ZiriTad aqcents resursebis ufro efeqtianad gamoyenebaze akeTebs, memarjvene ekonomistebs uwodeben, maT ekonomikur xedvas _ memarjvene xedvas. ekonomistTa es nawili miiCnevs, rom ekonomikuri keTildReobis zrda resursebis metad efeqtianad gamoyenebazea damokidebuli. magaliTad Tu 1 heqtari miwis nakveTis mosaxvnelad SuasaukuneebSi arsebuli Sromis iaraRebis gamoyenebiT glexs Tveebi dasWirdeboda, axla traqtoris meSveobiT ramdenime saaTSi moxnavs, radgan traqtori, rogorc kapitaluri resursi, ufro efeqtiania, vidre Suasaukuneebis guTani. yovelive es, ki, imas niSnavs, rom roca xvna-Tesvis sezoni mova, ufro efeqtiani kapitaluri resursiT _ traqtoriT, Tanamedrove fermeri meti miwis damuSavebas SeZlebs, vidre Suasaukuneebis glexi, Sesabamisad met mosavalsac miiRebs, da sakuTar moTxovnilebebs ukeT daikmayofilebs. efeqtianobis gazrda cxadad SeimCneva kapitalkuri resursis gaumjobesebisas, magaliTad, roca moigones manqanebi, dazgadanadgarebi, kompiuterebi, robotebi da a.S., Tumca ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom aseve mniSvnelovania adamianuri resursebis ufro efeqtianad gamoyenebac. magaliTad, zogjer sawarmoSi samuSao araa kargad gadanawilebuli TanamSromlebs Soris, da, erTidaigive saqmes ramdenime adamiani akeTebs ise, rom erTmaneTs xels uSlis, maSin, roca samuSaos sworad danawilebis SemTxvevaSi erTidaigive raodenoba muSaxels SeeZleboda igive droSi meti produqtis warmoeba. analogiurad, adamianuri resursis efeqtianoba gaizrdeba maTi codnisa da gamocdilebis gazrdis xarjzec. ekonomistebis meore nawili met yuradRebas amaxvilebs resursebis uTanabrod ganawilebis problemaze, maT memarcxene Sexedulebis ekonomistebs uwodeben. maTi azriT, resursebis araTanabari gadanawileba istoriis garkveul etapze usamarTlod moxda. is kvlavac usamarTlod grZeldeba da, Tu sazogadoeba xelovnurad ar ecdeba misi yoveli wevrisTvis resursebze xelmisawvdomobis gaTanabrebas, bunebrivi ganviTareba gamoiwvevs mxolod imas, rom isini, visac meti resursi gaaCnia kidev ufro mets moixveWen, xolo maT visac naklebi resursi gaaCniaT, kidev ufro SeumcirdebaT. orive es mimarTuleba Cven cal-calke ganvixileT, Tumca realobaSi iSviaTia iseTi Sexedulebis mqone ekonomisti, romelsac mxolod efeqtianobis gazrda an mxolod resursebis Tanabari gadanawileba adardebdes. sinamdvileSi, 5

yvela aniWebs saTanado mniSvnelobas efeqtianobas, iseve, rogorc resursebis garkveul met-naklebad “samarTlianad” gadanawilebis sakiTxs.

ekonomikur sistemaTa tipebi. rogor gamoviyenoT SezRuduli ekonomikuri resursebi sazogadoebis moTxovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad? ra saqoneli unda vawarmooT da ra tipis momsaxureba gavwioT? vin unda iTavos es saqme? rogor gadanawildes saqonelica da momsaxurebac mosaxleobaSi? zogierT qveyanaSi amgvar gadawyvetilebebs calkeuli pirovnebebi iReben da isini wyveten, rogor daxarjon an daabandon sakuTari Semosavali; anda _ garkveuli biznes-jgufebi _ im SemTxvevaSi, roca irCeven, ra saxis produqcia awarmoon an ra saxis momsaxureba gaswion; sxvagan ki msgavs gadawyvetilebebs xelisufleba iRebs is, Tu ra rols asrulebs calkeuli pirovneba da xelisufleba resursebis gadanawilebaSi, ama Tu im sazogadoebis ekonomikur sistemazea damokidebuli, ekonomikuri sistema aris sazogadoebis moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad, resursTa gadanawilebis ZiriTad wes-kanonTa erToblioba. ekonomikur sistemebs Soris gansxvaveba ZiriTadad ramenime fundamentur garemoebebamde dadis. maT Soris umTavresia is, Tu:  

vin flobs resursebs, warmoebis faqtorebs _ saxelmwifo Tu xalxi rogor xorcieldeba dagegmva: centralizebulad Tu decentralizebulad

vin flobs resursebs? kacobriobis istoriaSi iyo dro, roca sazogadoebis garkveuli nawilis xelSi iyo yvelanairi resursi, anu warmoebis faqtori. magaliTad, amerikeli monaTmflobeli flobda rogorc bunebriv resursebs, ise kapitalsac da adamianur resurssac, aseve yvela resursi batonebis (feodalebis) xelSi iyo Sua saukuneebis evropaSi. Tumca, baton-ymobisa da monobis gadavardnis Semdeg aRaravis aqvs ufleba flobdes adamianur resurss. adamiani SeiZleba flobdes bunebriv resursebs, kapitals, gaaCndes samewarmeo unari, magram adamianur resurss is ar SeiZleba flobdes. adamianuri resursi SeuZlia mxolod iqiraos. Sesabamisad, is, risi flobac SesaZlebelia aris bunebrivi resursebi da kapitali _ maT warmoebis saSualebebi ewodeba. magram vin unda flobdes warmoebis saSualebebs? cxadia, visac ekuTvnis es resursebi, anu warmoebis saSualebebi (saxnav-saTesi miwa, tye, qarxnebi, manqanadanadgarebi, kompiuterebi da a.S.) produqtsac is Seqmnis da sazogadoebis saWiroebebsa da moTxovnilebebsac is daakmayofilebs. SesaZlebloba aris ori: resursebs SeiZleba flobdnen sazogadoebis wevrebi, anu, kerZo pirebi an saxelmwifo. Sesabamisad, warmoebasac, rac niSnavs resursebis gardaqmnas produqtad, SeiZleba eweodes saxelmwifo, an kerZo pirebi (cal-calke Tu erTad). Tu resursebs, anu warmoebis faqtorebs saxelmwifo flobs da, Sesabamisad, warmoebasac is eweva, maSin gamova, rom yvela sawarmo, dawyebuli msxvili qarxnebiT da damTavrebuli ubnis maRaziebiTa Tu kafebarebiT saxelmwifos mier iqneba marTuli, da aseTi sawarmoebis 6

xelmZRvanelebi saxelmwifo moxeleebi iqnebian. xolo, Tu resursebi saxelmwifos ar ekuTvnis, maSin aRmoCndeba rom konkretuli pirebi, Tu pirTa jgufebi ewevian warmoebas da qmnian produqts. amas ki, biznesi ewodeba. biznesze ufro vrclaT qveviT gveqneba saubari. dasaSvebia Sualeduri variantic, roca zogi resursi saxelmwifos xelSia, zogi ki kerZo pirebis. imis mixedviT, Tu vin flobs resursebs ganasxvaveben Semdeg ekonomikur sistemebs:   

kapitalisturi socialisturi Sereuli

kapitalistur sistemaSi yvela resursi kerZo pirebis xelSia, Sesabamisad produqtis warmoebac kerZo seqtoris, anu biznesebis mier xdeba. socialistur sistemaSi resursebi saxelmwifo sawarmoebi qmnian.

saxelmwifos

xelSia

da

produqtsac

Sereul sistemaSi zogi resursi kerZo seqtoris, xolo zogic saxelmwifos xelSia. es imas niSnavs rom produqts kerZo biznesebic qmnian da saxelmwifoc. magaliTad, SeiZleba paralelurad arsebobdes saxelmwifo universitetica da kerZoc, iseve, rogorc samoqalaqo transportica da kerZo satransporto kompaniebic da a.S. wminda saxiT kapitalisturi da socialisturi sistemebi ar arsebobs es ori ufro Teoriuli ukiduresobebia. sinamdvileSi dRes moqmedi yvela sistema Sereulia, anu, orive am midgomis niSan-TvisebaTa matarebeli. Tumca, zogi metad socialisturi sistemisken ixreba da uaxlovdeba socialisturi sistemis ideals, Tu magaliTad, umetesoba resursebi saxelmwifos xelSia da kerZo seqtori minimaluradaa ganviTarebuli; zogi ki ufro kapitalisturisken ixreba, Tu ekonomikis ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli Zala kerZo biznesebia da ara saxelmwifo. rogorc zeviT avRniSneT, memarjvene Sexedulebis mqone ekonomistebs gansakuTrebiT adardebT efeqtianobis gaumjobesebis sakiTxebi. vinaidan kerZo mepatrone metadaa dainteresebuli sakuTari warmoebis efeqtianobaSi, radgan amaze misi piradi keTildReobaa damokidebuli, kapitalisturi sistema ki, swored, kerZo biznesebs efuZneba, amitom memarjvene Sexedulebis ekonomistebi ufro kapitalisturi sistemis momxreni arian, radgan is efeqtianobis gaumjobesebis met stimuls iZleva. meores mxriv, memarcxene Sexedulebis mqone ekonomistebi ufro socialisturi sistemisken ixrebian, radgan aq ar aqvs adgili resursebis araTanabar gadanawilebas sazogadoebis wevrebs Soris, _ yvela resursi xom saxelmwifos ekuTvnis. rogor xorcieldeba dagegmva? centralizebuli da decentralizebuli dagegmva dagegmva aucilebelia yvelgan, rogorc ekonomikaSi ise pirad cxovrebaSic. dagegmva niSnavs imis dadgenas, Tu rodis ra qmedebebi unda iyos ganxorcielebuli, rom moxdes dasaxuli miznis miRweva. ekonomikaSic uamravi ram igegmeba. magaliTad: ra produqti unda iwarmoos, ra fasad gaiyidos is, ra raodenobiT unda iwarmoos konkretuli produqti, vTqvaT, fexsacmeli, wigni, da a.S., amisTvis fexsacmlis qarxana winaswar gegmavs 7

ramdeni tyavi, Zafi Tu sxva saWiro masala rodis da ramdeni SeiZinos, aseve restorani gegmavs, ramdeni sakvebi produqti moimaragos, bankebi gegmaven ramdeni da ra raodenobiT sesxi gascen da a.S. ismis kiTxva: vin unda dagegmos yovelive es? saxelmwifom _ centralizebulad Tu TiToeulma sawarmom individualurad? imis mixedviT, Tu rogor xdeba dagegmva, ganasxvaveben ornair ekonomikur sistemas:  

Tavisufali sabazro ekonomika centralurad dagegmili ekonomika

centralurad dagegmil ekonomikaSi imas Tu ra saqoneli unda iwarmoos, ra odenobiT unda iwarmoos da ra fasad gaiyidos saxelmwifo centralizebulad wyvitavs. xolo Tavisufal sabazro ekonomikur sistemaSi yovelive amis mamoZravebeli, ganmsazRvreli da maregulirebeli aris bazari (anu _ garigeba myidvelsa da gamyidvels Soris). ra produqti unda awarmoos biznesma? ra odenobiT? ra fasad gaiyidos? am yvelafers bazari gansazRvravs. Tu momxmareblebs moswonT konkretuli produqti, da awyobT misi fasi _ iyidian mas, Tu ara, ar iyidian da maSin mwarmoebeli mocemul produqts aRar awarmoebs, an gasayid fass Seamcirebs. ra raodenobiT iwarmoos produqti, amasac bazari gansazRvravs. bunebrivia, gagiCndebaT kiTxva, Tu rogor wyvitavs bazari, vTqvaT konkretuli produqti ra odenobiT unda iwarmoos? es ase xdeba: Tu raime produqtis naklebobaa (deficitia), magaliTad sazogadoebas meti kinoTeatri sWirdeba, vidre qalaqSia. aseT SemTxvevaSi, arsebuli kinoTeatrebi sul savse iqneba mayurebliT da bileTebi Znelad saSovni iqneba da, Sesabamisad, maRal fasSic gaiyideba. ...