12.1, 12.2 Reading Guides (1) done gggg PDF

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This is about how cells do stuff and get stuff and please can i get a bandaiad and be done with thus\\...

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Introduction to Genetics: 12.1, 12.2 Reading Guides

Read the case study on pg 377 in your textbook and answer the following: 1. Describe what the ‘frame overo’ breed of horses looks like and what is the potential negative outcome or risk of breeding two ‘frame overo’ parents? looks like you splashed white paint on a solid-colored horse. The negative outcome of breeding two overo breeds is if the horse has blue eyes than the digestive system hasn’t formed fully

12.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel (ques 1-14) Match the term with its definition. Term Definition __E___1. genes __b___2. hybrids __A___3. traits __c___4. alleles ___D__5. gametes

A. Specific characteristics that vary among individuals B. The offspring of true-breeding parents with different trait C. The different forms of a gene D. Sex cells, egg or sperm E. Factors that determine traits

6. Give 3 reasons why Mendel used green pea plants for his research. Because peas are small, easy to grow, and can produce hundreds of offspring’s 7. Do pea plant use asexual or sexual reproduction? ______sexual_____________ 8. When Mendal crossed plalnts with contrasting traits, he found that the resulting hybrids had the traits of (circle one): a. both parents b. only one parent c. no traits of either 9. a. b. c.

Give the results of each of these crosses: green pod crossed with yellow pod: green purple flower crossed with white flower: purple yellow seed crossed with a green seed: yellow

10. State the principle of dominance. 1

Some alleles are dominate allele and others are recessive 11. What is the dominant shape of a pea seed? How do you know? It is round because it is the outcome of the wrinkled vs. round shape in the diagram

12. True or False Each gamete (sperm or egg), carries only one allele for each gene. 13. Study the diagram on pg 382 showing segregation of alleles. Explain how the yellow recessive color appear from green colored parent pea pods. It appears from the two less dominate gametes crossing 14. Watch the Amoeba Sisters: Alleles and Genes (8 min), and answer the following. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pv3Kj0UjiLE State 5 things you learned from the video.     

Tasting or not tasting ptc involves gene interactions Alleles is a variety of a gene You get 23 chromosomes from each parent to have a total of 46 chromosomes Uppercase letters indicate a recessive allele and uppercase letters represent a dominant allele To taste ptc your genotype would need TT and tt means you cant taste it

12.2 Applying Mendel’s Principles (ques 1-22) 1. What is probability? The chance that a particular event will occur

2. In a parent pea plant with the allele pair Gg, what is the probability that one gamete will contain the G allele? 50% probability

3. Complete the graphic organizer to define the characteristics of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes and phenotypes. 2

Phenotyp e Genotype

Homozygous BB

Heterozygous Bb

Bb

bb

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4. The dominant allele for smooth pod shape in peas is S. The recessive allele for constricted pod shape is s. In the Punnett square, show the result of crossing two heterozygous parents (Ss). Write the genotype and the phenotype of each type of offspring in the space provided. S

s

S Genotype: S Phenotype: S

Genotype: S Phenotype: s

s Genotype: S Phenotype: s

Genotype: s Phenotype: s

For Questions 5–8, refer to the Punnett square above. 5. What is the probability of a heterozygous offspring (fraction)? ___1/2_______ 6. What is the probability of a homozygous recessive offspring (fraction)? ____1/4_____ 7. What is the probability of a homozygous dominant offspring (fraction)? ___1/4_____ 8. What is the probability of a constricted pod phenotype (fraction)?__1/16____ 9. State the principle of independent assortment. What different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop during meiosis Summary of Mendel’s Principles For Questions 16–20, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words 16. The units that determine the inheritance of biological characteristics are genes 17. A form of a gene is a(n) allele

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18. If two or more forms of a gene exist, some may be dominant and others may be recessive

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19. The offspring of most sexually reproducing organisms have two copies of each __parent ________. One came from each parent. 20. Alleles from different genes usually Seagate independently from each other when gametes form. 21. Thomas Hunt Morgan experimented with fruit flies and discovered that Mendel’s principles apply to both plants and _____animals ________. 22. Watch the Amoeba Sisters: Monohybrid Crosses (6 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-0rSv6oxSY

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AA Aa

Aa aa

Demonstrate a Punnett Square using your own genotypes and phenotype and give the probabilities of both.

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