12.1, 12.2 Reading Guides PDF

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Introduction to Genetics: 12.1, 12.2 Reading Guides...

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Introduction to Genetics: 12.1, 12.2 Reading Guides

Read the case study on pg 377 in your textbook and answer the following: 1. Describe what the ‘frame overo’ breed of horses looks like and what is the potential negative outcome or risk of breeding two ‘frame overo’ parents?

12.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel (ques 1-14) Match the term with its definition. Term Definition _____1. genes _____2. hybrids _____3. traits _____4. alleles _____5. gametes

A. Specific characteristics that vary among individuals B. The offspring of true-breeding parents with different trait C. The different forms of a gene D. Sex cells, egg or sperm E. Factors that determine traits

6. Give 3 reasons why Mendel used green pea plants for his research.

7. Do pea plant use asexual or sexual reproduction? ___________________ 8. When Mendal crossed plalnts with contrasting traits, he found that the resulting hybrids had the traits of (circle one): a. both parents b. only one parent c. no traits of either 9. a. b. c.

Give the results of each of these crosses: green pod crossed with yellow pod: purple flower crossed with white flower: yellow seed crossed with a green seed:

10. State the principle of dominance.

11. What is the dominant shape of a pea seed? How do you know? 1

12. True or False Each gamete (sperm or egg), carries only one allele for each gene. 13. Study the diagram on pg 382 showing segregation of alleles. Explain how the yellow recessive color appear from green colored parent pea pods.

14. Watch the Amoeba Sisters: Alleles and Genes (8 min), and answer the following. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pv3Kj0UjiLE State 5 things you learned from the video.

12.2 Applying Mendel’s Principles (ques 1-22) 1. What is probability?

2. In a parent pea plant with the allele pair Gg, what is the probability that one gamete will contain the G allele?

3. Complete the graphic organizer to define the characteristics of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes and phenotypes. Homozygous

Heterozygous

Phenotype Genotype

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4. The dominant allele for smooth pod shape in peas is S. The recessive allele for constricted pod shape is s. In the Punnett square, show the result of crossing two heterozygous parents (Ss). Write the genotype and the phenotype of each type of offspring in the space provided. S

s

S Genotype: Phenotype:

Genotype: Phenotype:

s Genotype: Phenotype:

Genotype: Phenotype:

For Questions 5–8, refer to the Punnett square above. 5. What is the probability of a heterozygous offspring (fraction)? __________ 6. What is the probability of a homozygous recessive offspring (fraction)? _________ 7. What is the probability of a homozygous dominant offspring (fraction)? ________ 8. What is the probability of a constricted pod phenotype (fraction)?______ 9. State the principle of independent assortment.

Summary of Mendel’s Principles For Questions 16–20, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words 16. The units that determine the inheritance of biological characteristics are 17. A form of a gene is a(n)

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18. If two or more forms of a gene exist, some may be dominant and others may be

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19. The offspring of most sexually reproducing organisms have two copies of each __________. One came from each parent. 20. Alleles from different genes usually independently from each other when gametes form. 21. Thomas Hunt Morgan experimented with fruit flies and discovered that Mendel’s principles apply to both plants and _____________. 22. Watch the Amoeba Sisters: Monohybrid Crosses (6 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-0rSv6oxSY Demonstrate a Punnett Square using your own genotypes and phenotype and give the probabilities of both.

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