20204 ELC501 TEST QP Subset 1(A) PDF

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TOTAL: 35 MARKSRead the following article and answer ALL the questions that follow.The Coronavirus Disrupts Mental Health I The new coronavirus pandemic has affected livelihoods and drastically changed how people are living their lives. In order to contain the deadly virus, governments are urging ci...

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TOTAL: 35 MARKS

Read the following article and answer ALL the questions that follow.

The Coronavirus Disrupts Mental Health I

The new coronavirus pandemic has affected livelihoods and drastically changed how people are living their lives. In order to contain the deadly virus, governments are urging citizens to self-isolate by imposing strict measures such as citywide lockdowns. By April 2020, the virus has infected more than two million people worldwide, taking with it over 140,000 lives. All these developments are causing a

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considerable amount of fear, worry and concern among members of the public. The disease, COVID-19, is not only detrimental to one’s physical health, but also, even more, to mental health.

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According to an article titled ‘Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science’ in the Lancet Psychiatry which

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features original clinical research and expert reviews on mental health, a group of experts has warned about the implications of the virus on society’s mental wellbeing and has called for more funding for research into the matter. The world is dealing with unprecedented uncertainty and major changes in lives as a result of the coronavirus, noted Emily Holmes, lead author from Uppsala University’s

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Department of Psychology in Sweden.

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One of the measures to contain the virus is through social isolation. However, social isolation and loneliness are strongly associated with anxiety, depression, self-harm, and suicide attempts. Other risks associated with isolation include alcohol and substance misuse, domestic and child abuse, feeling like a burden,

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loss and relationship breakdown. Increased social isolation and loneliness are a perfect storm to harm people’s mental health and wellbeing, warned Rory O’Connor, Professor of Health Psychology at the University of Glasgow. Based on the Lancet Psychiatry report, patients who have endured severe and lifethreatening illnesses in isolation, such as COVID-19 survivors, were at risk of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Other than that, the report also indicated

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that there were mental health risk factors for those who had been quarantined and had self-isolated for a long period of time.

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There are several causes for increase in alcohol consumption during the COVID19 crisis. According to Nielsen, a market research firm in the United States (US),

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st

sales of alcoholic beverages rose 55 per cent in the week ending 21 March 2020 compared to the same period last year while online alcohol sales jumped 243 per cent. A survey by the Australian National University (ANU) reported that almost 20 per cent of people resorted to drinking more under lockdown than they usually did. The survey reported that women substantially drank more alcohol than men, as

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they took on increased childcare activities. Roughly 15.5 per cent of males reported increased alcohol consumption, compared to 18.1 per cent of females. The most common reason was spending more time at home for both sexes, followed by increased stress among women, and boredom driven by loss of jobs or reduced 40

working hours among males.

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The World Health Organisation (WHO) also noted that children responded negatively to the stress due to the pandemic. These included feeling agitated, withdrawn and becoming clingy.

Khadijah Bakar, a school teacher of an

international educational institution in Malaysia, expressed that her main concern since the pandemic started was a sense of uncertainty and well-being among her

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students. Her sentiment was shared with many other teachers and parents around the world. Lim Lishan, another teacher from Singapore was also worried that students would not show as much enthusiasm during online classrooms.

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There were multiple cases of COVID-19-related suicides worldwide. These include the USA, UK, Italy, Germany, Bangladesh, India and many other countries. For

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example, a 19-year-old waitress in England died in a hospital after a suicide attempt because of fears of the ‘mental health impacts’ of isolation. A 66-year-old man with throat cancer hanged himself in a New York City hospital after tested positive for the coronavirus. A man in Illinois who feared that he and his girlfriend contracted the coronavirus fatally shot his girlfriend and then killed himself. They were tested negative for the coronavirus. A 36-year-old Bangladeshi man killed

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himself because he and people in his village thought that he was infected with COVID-19 as he had fever and cold symptoms. A post-mortem examination showed that he did not have COVID-19. The 49-year-old head of the Emergency Department in a New York City hospital died by suicide after telling her family about

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the tremendous suffering and death she witnessed while taking care of coronavirus patients. These are some unfortunate cases that can be prevented if the fear of Covid-19 can be handled in an optimistic manner.

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It was reported that suicide prevention agency, Samaritans of Singapore (SOS) had received an increase in calls by more than 22 per cent in March compared to

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the same period of time last year. The Singapore Association for Mental Health (SAMH) also saw a whopping 50 percent increase in helpline calls in February and March this year.

According to media reports, callers on these helplines had

expressed concerns, such as employment prospects as some of them had lost their jobs and had caught the COVID -19 virus.

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The pandemic has also placed massive pressure on frontliners. As the number of COVID-19 patients increases by up to a few hundred every single day, health workers could become incredibly overwhelmed. An online survey conducted from February 19th to March 6th 2020 in China, which included more than 2000 Chinese medical health workers, revealed that they experienced psychosocial disturbances,

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including anxiety, depression, insomnia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. In Malaysia, the Ministry of Health along with Mercy Malaysia, a volunteer relief organisation, have set up a psychosocial support service for frontliners and members of the public who are emotionally affected by the pandemic.

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In order to reduce mental health problems during the COVID-19 crisis, it is

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imperative to decrease stress, anxiety, fears and loneliness in the general population. Health experts believe that mental health issues will not become more serious provided there are ample psychological solutions that could be taken. There should be awareness and social media campaigns to promote mental health and reduce distress. People need to be encouraged to stay connected and maintain relationships by telephone or video, get enough sleep, eat healthy food

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and exercise so as not to create unnecessary panic. Community or organisational gatekeepers including religious leaders, first responders, pharmacists, geriatric caregivers and school employees may have an opportunity to identify individuals at risk for suicide and direct them to proper evaluation and treatment. Suicide

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prevention helplines should be available and may be very useful in preventing suicides. Integration of basic mental health services into outpatient primary care could probably help to minimise the harmful psychological effects of the COVID-19 crisis. X

The World Health Organisation (WHO) advised people to take care of themselves.

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This can be done by using helpful coping strategies such as ensuring sufficient rest and respite during work or between shifts, eat sufficient and healthy food, engage in physical activity, and stay in contact with family and friends. Perhaps this message from the WHO can also be applied to everyone affected at this time of crisis. Therefore, people are encouraged to seek help and talk to someone if they feel overwhelmed by the pandemic to avoid further mental suffering.

Adapted from https://theaseanpost.com and https://academic.oup.com

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QUESTION 1

Interpret the meaning of the following words as they are used in the passage. You are allowed to write a one-word answer or in a phrase (not more than four words). Do not write in a full sentence.

a)

detrimental (line 7):

(1 mark)

b)

endured (line 24): (1 mark)

c)

resorted to (line 34):

(1 mark)

d)

agitated (line 42):

(1 mark)

e)

imperative (line 81):

(1 mark)

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QUESTION 2

Identify the stated main idea of paragraph IV and provide ONE MAJOR and ONE MINOR supporting detail.

a) Stated main idea:

(1 mark)

b) Major supporting detail:

(1 mark)

c) Minor supporting detail:

(1 mark)

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QUESTION 3

Formulate the topic that is most suitable for the content of paragraph III. Provide TWO (2) relevant evidence from the paragraph to support your answer. The topic must be in a form of a phrase or key words and the evidence can be in a form of a sentence or phrases.

i.

Topic: (1 mark)

ii.

Evidence 1:

(1/2 mark) ii.

Evidence 2:

(1/2 mark)

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QUESTION 4 Increased social isolation and loneliness are a perfect storm to harm people’s mental health and wellbeing, warned Rory O’Connor, Professor of Health Psychology at the University of Glasgow. (lines 21 - 23). Make an inference based on the above statement. Provide TWO (2) relevant evidence from the paragraph to support your answer. Your answer for the evidence can be in a form of a sentence or phrases.

i.

(2 marks) ii.

Evidence 1:

(½ mark) ii.

Evidence 2:

(½ mark)

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QUESTION 5

Formulate the implied main idea of paragraph VII. Provide TWO (2) relevant evidence from the paragraph to support your answer. Your answer for the evidence can be in a form of a sentence or phrases. i.

(2 marks) ii.

Evidence 1:

(½ mark) iii.

Evidence 2:

(½ mark)

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QUESTION 6

List TWO (2) types of support given by the author in paragraph V to indicate consequences of the pandemic on children’s mental health. Provide ONE (1) example for each type of support.

a)

Type of support: Example:

a)

Type of support: Example:

(4 marks)

QUESTION 7

Identify the type of support for each of the supporting details. No. a)

Supporting Detail

Type of Support

Suicide prevention helplines should be available and may be very useful in preventing suicides. (Paragraph IX)

b)

According to Nielsen, a market research firm, the United States (US) sales of alcoholic beverages rose 55 per cent in the week ending 21st March 2020 compared to the same period last year while online alcohol sales jumped 243 per cent. (Paragraph IV)

(2 marks)

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QUESTION 8

Write ‘T’ for a statement that is TRUE and ‘F’ for a statement that is FALSE.

a)

Only certain countries recorded killing and suicides cases due to the pandemic.

b)

Many people need mental help as the result of the pandemic.

c)

Inclusion of psychological assistance may possibly leave little or no impact on mental health. (3 marks)

QUESTION 9

Do you think the pandemic has created harmful effects on mental health? Suggest THREE (3) reasons to support your opinion.

(4 marks)

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QUESTION 10

Identify whether the paragraph below is inductive (I) or deductive (D) reasoning. Provide ONE (1) explanation for the reasoning to support your answer. a) The World Health Organisation (WHO) also noted that children responded negatively to the stress due to the pandemic. These included feeling agitated, withdrawing and becoming clingier. Khadijah Bakar, a school teacher of an international educational institution in Malaysia, expressed that her main concern since the pandemic started was a sense of uncertainty and well-being among her students. Her sentiment was shared with many other teachers and parents around the world. Lim Lishan, another teacher from Singapore was also worried that students would not show as much enthusiasm during online classrooms. (Paragraph V)

i.

Type of reasoning: (1 mark)

ii.

Explanation for type of reasoning:

(1 mark)

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b) There were multiple cases of COVID-19-related suicides worldwide. These include the USA, UK, Italy, Germany, Bangladesh, India and many other countries. For example, a 19-year-old waitress in England died in a hospital after a suicide attempt because of fears of the ‘mental health impacts’ of isolation. A 66-year-old man with throat cancer hanged himself in a New York City hospital after tested positive for the coronavirus. A man in Illinois who feared that he and his girlfriend contracted the coronavirus fatally shot his girlfriend and then killed himself. They were tested negative for the coronavirus. (Paragraph VI)

i.

Type of reasoning: (1 mark)

ii.

Explanation for type of reasoning:

(1 mark)

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QUESTION 11

Formulate ONE (1) underlying assumption that can be made in paragraph IX. Provide TWO (2) relevant evidence from the paragraph to support your answer. Your answer for the evidence can be in a form of a sentence or phrases. i.

Underlying assumption:

(1 mark) ii.

Evidence 1:

(½ mark) iii.

Evidence 2:

(½ mark)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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