ELC501 TEST DEC 2020 QP - ELC PDF

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARACOURSE : ENGLISH FOR CRITICAL ACADEMIC READINGCOURSE CODE : ELCTEST : OCTOBER 2020TIME : 1 HOUR 30 MINUTESINSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES This question paper consists of one (1) passage with twelve (12) questions. Answer ALL questions from all parts in the Question Paper. Fill in...

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LG/OCT 2020/ELC501

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA COURSE

:

ENGLISH FOR CRITICAL ACADEMIC READING

COURSE CODE

:

ELC501

TEST

:

OCTOBER 2020

TIME

:

1 HOUR 30 MINUTES

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. 3.

This question paper consists of one (1) passage with twelve (12) questions. Answer ALL questions from all parts in the Question Paper. Fill in the details below: NAME

UiTM STUDENT CARD NUMBER

GROUP

4.

You are allowed to refer to a printed English-English dictionary.

This examination paper consists of 18 pages

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Total: 35 marks Read the passage below carefully and answer the questions that follow.

PREPARING FOR AN AGEING NATION I

The issue of population has always been on the world's attention, especially concerning fertility, birth, death, migration, education and poverty. However, one of the population processes that is often overlooked is ageing, which forms ageing populations, leading to ageing nations. According to the United Nations in their publication of 5 ‘Ageing in the Twenty-First Century (2012)’, an ageing population refers to a phenomenon in which older individuals become a proportionally larger share of the total population due to declining fertility and increasing life expectancy.

II

The most significant social transformation in the twenty-centuries 10 encountered by many countries is the increase in ageing population. Malaysia too is heading towards being a fully ageing nation by 2030. According to the United Nations (UN), the average person can expect to live to the age of 72.6. The UN estimates that there would be 2.1 billion people aged 60 and above by 2050, out of a projected total 15 population of 9.7 billion.

In Malaysia, senior citizens are defined as

those aged 60 years old and above. It is based on the definition made at the World Assembly on Ageing 1982 in Vienna. Therefore, the country must prepare itself to assist the elderly as the rising ageing population may have implications in areas such as healthcare, financial 20 services, city planning and social services.

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“There are serious problems and challenges as Malaysia will reach the ageing nation status in 10 years, and 15 per cent of its population will be at least 60 years old,” said the Alliance for a Safe Community chairman, Tan Sri Lee Lam Thye. An increase in the proportion of the 25 aged group is associated with an increase in the prevalence of ill health, both physical and mental. The physical and social changes associated with ageing are combined with the debilitating effects of multiple, acute and chronic diseases. Frailty is often compounded by problems such as urinary incontinence, instability, falls and acute confusional states. 30 Alzheimer’s and senility are also common problems afflicting the elderly and are estimated to affect at least 5% of the population aged 65 years and above. The number of patients with these diseases is expected to increase with the rise in the number of elderly population. Consequently, this has important implications on the country’s 35 resources.

IV

The health care system in this country is primarily geared towards short term care and short-term hospitalisation. The elderly with their chronic diseases and problems require long term care. Rehabilitation from acute illness to help return the elderly patient to the level of premorbid 40 function is often lacking in Malaysian hospitals. Thus, the present health care system is inadequate and even inappropriate to service the elderly with their chronic diseases and disabilities. The trend currently is on the prevention and primary health care as hospital-based care is increasing in costs. Though Malaysia has quite comprehensive medical and 45 health care services for the general population, special programmes for the aged are lacking. This is partly due to lack of trained personnel in geriatric health care and a lower priority being given to geriatric care.

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As of 2018, there are only 40 geriatricians and around 2,000 occupational therapists in Malaysia. V

50

Apart from health issues, Lee also added that it was important to provide a social safety net. For instance, senior citizens are allowed to work as has been the case in many Asian countries. He pointed out that the government could emulate the approach taken by other countries which had introduced various financial incentives for 55 employers to hire or retain older workers and subsidise job training for them. The country must also have a more comprehensive social security programme since studies show that the retirement income for most of the older people is inadequate. “We must foster a more affordable independent care system, such as the one in Hong Kong, 60 which has the highest life expectancy in the world. “In Hong Kong, about 40 per cent of domestic workers are taking care of older adults, enabling them to stay in their homes. More non-governmental organisations should be set up to care for senior citizens who are neglected by their family members, especially those who suffer from 65 illness”, he adds.

VI

Professor Datuk Dr Lokman Hakim Sulaiman, a public health expert from International Medical University, supports Lee. Although at the moment Malaysia has a multitude of short term policies such as the National Policy for the Elderly (1995), The Ministry’s National Health 70 Policy for Older Persons (2008), and the National Policy for Older Persons (2011), Dr Lokman believes more needs to be done such as determining a clear framework on the responsibility of elderly care and providing a clear policy on immunisation for the elderly. Ageing as an issue has been articulated in many ministerial policies and 75 development papers, but what is most needed are practical, workable

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and attainable actions. There should be a single, holistic and comprehensive national policy on the elderly that cuts across sectors. This will enable the government, society and individuals to understand their roles and responsibilities and act more efficiently in caring for the 80 elderly. Thus, they can help to prepare Malaysia for its transition to an ageing nation. VII

Lokman adds that there is also the question as who is responsible for empowering the elderly. “Should the responsibility lie on ourselves as individuals, on our family, the society, the government or a combination 85 of all? “For example, if we decide it is our responsibility to care the elderly, a policy may be developed to pool pensioners’ resources by law in order to provide support for the elderly once they become dependent. “If it is the societal responsibility, we need policies to allow the society to support the elderly in their community.” The societal 90 support could be done through non-governmental organisations and residential homes.

VIII

The Malaysian Healthy Ageing Society advisor, Professor Nathan Vytialingam, said that there was an urgent need to address the challenges of an ageing nation as early as possible. When discussing, 95 ageing, it is also advisable to look at the ‘here and now’ scenario and not just plan for the future. The ageing process is long and complex, so an inter-ministerial approach is welcomed.

“For example, much

emphasis has been given to encourage the younger generation to be active in sports, but nobody talks about sports for the elderly when they 100 too need to be encouraged to take up sports, with facilities made available for them to keep active. In this case, The Youth and Sports Ministry has a role to play too.”

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To curb loneliness and keep fit at old age, Professor Nathan suggests that individuals in their golden years should indulge in physically, 105 socially and mentally-stimulating activities, such as reading, travelling and gardening. However, a solid support system needs to be in place in order to help the elderly socialise daily. “A well-structured community centre, run by professionals that allows the elderly to socialise should be set up in places where the community support is lacking, where their 110 children can send them in the morning and pick them up after work.“ More inter-generational activities should also be in place to provide social support as they can help the elderly look forward to a productive day and have a joyful purpose in life.

X

Caring for the elderly is not the sole responsibility of the government, 115 but also the community. Although often the responsibility is entrusted to the government, private companies and giant corporations should also look at it as part of their corporate social responsibility programme.

XI

In conclusion, the increase in the ageing population in this country is inevitable. The aged population has its own unique problems and will 110 generate new challenges and demands on the health and social services. This undoubtedly requires a sharing of responsibilities between the government, private sector, non-governmental agencies and the community. Adapted from: ‘Ageing’ Population and Demographics Newsletter Vol 1/ August 2017 https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/uploads/files/6_Newsletter/Ageing.pdf and ‘Are We Ready for an Ageing Malaysia’? New Straits Times, December 14, 2019.

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QUESTION 1 For each of the following items in this question, indicate your answer by writing an appropriate meaning based on the given context. a) The word ‘projected’ in line 15 can best be replaced with ______________________________________________________________________ Evidence: _____________________________________________________________ b) The word ‘comprehensive’ in line 45 can be best replaced with ______________________________________________________________________ Evidence: _____________________________________________________________ c) The word ‘emulate’ in line 54 can be best replaced with ______________________________________________________________________ Evidence: _____________________________________________________________ d) The word “articulated” in line 75 can be best replaced with ______________________________________________________________________ Evidence: _____________________________________________________________ e) The word ‘address’ in line 94 can be best replaced with ______________________________________________________________________ Evidence: _____________________________________________________________

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QUESTION 2 Write out the implied main idea of paragraph V. Provide TWO (2) evidence to support your answer. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

EVIDENCE: i)

______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

ii) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ (2 marks)

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QUESTION 3 Identify the stated main idea of paragraph III and provide ONE MAJOR and ONE MINOR supporting details to support the main idea. a) Stated main idea: ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ (1 mark) b) Major supporting detail: ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ (1 mark) c) Minor supporting detail: ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

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QUESTION 4 The Malaysian Healthy Ageing Society adviser, Professor Nathan Vytialingam, said that there was an urgent need to address the challenges of an ageing nation as early as possible. When discussing, ageing, it is also advisable to look at the ‘here and now’ scenario and not just plan for the future. The ageing process is long and complex, so an inter-ministerial approach is welcomed. “For example, much emphasis has been given to encourage the younger generation to be active in sports, but nobody talks about sports for the elderly when they too need to be encouraged to take up sports, with facilities made available for them to keep active. In this case, The Youth and Sports Ministry has a role to play too.” Make an inference based on the above statements. Provide TWO (2) evidence to support your answer. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ EVIDENCE: i)

______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

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QUESTION 5 Identify the type of support for each of the supporting details. No

Types of

Statements

. a)

Support According to the United Nations in their publication of ‘Ageing in the Twenty-First Century (2012)’, an ageing population refers to a phenomenon in which older individuals become a proportionally larger share of the total population due to declining fertility and increasing life expectancy. (Paragraph I)

According to data from the United Nations (UN), the average person can expect to live to the age 72.6. The UN estimates b)

that there would be 2.1 billion people aged 60 and above by 2050, out of a projected total population of 9.7 billion. (Paragraph II)

Though Malaysia has quite a comprehensive medical and health care services for the general population, special c)

programmes for the aged are lacking. This is in part due to lack of trained personnel in geriatric health care and also a lower priority being given to geriatric care. (Paragraph VI)

(3 marks)

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QUESTION 6 Formulate ONE underlying assumption that can be made on the statements in Paragraph V. Provide TWO (2) evidence to support your answer. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ EVIDENCE: i)

______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

ii) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ (2 marks)

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QUESTION 7 Caring for the elderly is not the sole responsibility of the government, but also the community. Although often the responsibility is entrusted to the government, private companies and giant corporations should also look at it as part of their corporate social responsibility programme by providing assistance. (Paragraph XI) Do you agree that caring for the elderly is not the sole responsibility of the government? Provide TWO (2) reasons to support your opinion. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ (3 marks)

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QUESTION 8 Lokman adds that there is also the question as to who is responsible for empowering the elderly. “Should the responsibility lie on ourselves as individuals, on our family, society, government or a combination of all? “For example, if we decide it is our responsibility (elderly care), a policy may be developed to pool pensioners’ resources by law to provide support for the elderly once they become dependent. “If it is societal responsibility, we need policies to allow society to support the elderly in their community.” The societal support could be done through non-governmental organisations and residential homes. (Paragraph VI) Draw a conclusion based on the above statements. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ (2 marks) QUESTION 9 Formulate the topic that is most suitable for the content of Paragraph X. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

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