3-Adaptationist Programme- 2-7-18 PDF

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Justin Walsh...

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Adaptation: trait that increases ability of individual to survive or reproduce compared wit Spandrels of San Marco Paper Stephen Jay Gould evo biologist punctuated equilibrium things evolve gradually over time, get branching and diversion he believed that things happen quicker, catastrophic events change Richard Lewontin coefficient of linkage disequilibrium: Spandrel: triangular space b/w two arches and ceiling refer specifically to the spandrels of San Marco Basilica this example is used to explain that these spaces are necessary because o if you observe a trait, that trait may not have evolved as a result of selectio Voltaire’s Candide (1759) Satire on Leibnizian optimism Leibniz argued: world we live in must be best possible world, because god “it must be the best possible an most balanced world, because it wa would not choose to create an imperfect world if a batter world could with regards to traits: trait must be as perfect as can be, because im mocking natural selection and trait alteration The adaptationist program: natural selection is extremely powerful, has little/no co organism is atomized into traits: may consider just particular parts of a spe tradeoffs are considered compromise between competing demands sup optimality of of trait is explained as its contribution to the best p trait is as good as it could be given energetic tradeoffs common styles of argument if one adaptive argument fails, try another if one adaptive argument fails, assume another must exist, weaker ve in absence of good adaptive argument in first place, attribute failure what it does emphasize immediate utility Alternatives to adaptationist program (a non-adaptive explanation to existe no adaptation and no selection genetic drift chance changes correlated consequence of selection directed elsewhere linked genes could cause one gene change to modify multiple selection without adaptation...