3C-ABAS, Alexander Miguel M. (NCM117 RLE Relevance OF Theories TO Psychiatry) PDF

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ABAS, ALEXANDER MIGUEL M. N3-C

01/23/21 NCM117 LEC

5 THEORIES AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO PSYCHIATRY

1. PSYCHOANALYTIC & PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY – SIGMUND FREUD  The psychoanalytic personality theory of Sigmund Freud claims that human behavior is the product of interactions between three components of the mind: the id, the ego, and the superego.  This "structural theory" of personality puts great emphasis on how actions and personality are formed by disagreements between the components of the mind. There are often unconscious disputes.  Personality evolves during infancy, according to Freud, and is critically developed by a sequence of five psychosexual phases, which he called his psychosexual developmental theory.  A new perspective on mental illness was opened up by psychoanalysis and psychosexual theory to better understand mental illness and stress-related behaviors, how to characterize them, and how to resolve them; especially that talking to a psychoanalytic therapist about problems could help relieve the psychological distress of an individual. Because of this, from research to treatment, the topic of mental illness expands and encompasses every phase in between. Which made it simpler for us to find successful therapies, the more we can understand why a psychiatric illness occurs.

2. PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY – ERIK ERIKSON  Erikson maintained that personality, from infancy to adulthood, evolves in a fixed sequence across eight stages of psychosocial development. The individual experiences a psychosocial crisis at each point, which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality growth.  Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Growth can be used in treating patients who are undergoing transition times or life turning points. It can be a way for the patient to increase knowledge and comprehension of themselves if taken into account in the proper sense of social and cultural factors.  A broad context from which to interpret growth over the entire lifespan is provided by psychosocial theory. It also encourages us to highlight the relational existence of human beings and the huge effect on growth that social relationships have.

3. COGNITIVE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT THEORY – JEAN PIAGET  He claimed that human intelligence develops through a series of age-based phases, with the child displaying a higher degree of functioning at each successive stage than at previous stages. In his system, Piaget firmly assumed that cognitive growth was responsible for biological changes and maturation.  The theory of Piaget is useful in Psychiatry when dealing with kids. It would be easier for the nurse/ psychiatrist to comprehend what the child indicates if the nurse is conscious of his or her cognitive level of development.

4. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP THEORY – HARRY STACK-SULLIVAN  Sullivan believed that more than individual characteristics are involved in one's personality, particularly how one communicates with others. He thought that relationships that are insufficient or unsatisfactory produce anxiety, which he saw as the basis for all emotional problems.  Therapeutic Community or Milieu. The aim of care was envisioned by Sullivan as the creation of satisfying interpersonal relationships. For the client, the therapist proposes a corrective interpersonal partnership. For the position of the therapist, Sullivan coined the term participant-observer, meaning that the therapist simultaneously participates in and observes the relationship's development.  Originally developed by Sullivan, the idea of milieu therapy included interactions between participants, including the practice of interpersonal relationship skills, giving each other input on behavior, and working cooperatively as a group to solve everyday problems. This practice is still used up to this day to communicate better to the patient and resolve the problem together.

5. CLIENT-CENTERED THERAPY – CARL ROGERS  Client-centered therapy focuses on the client's role as the key to the healing process, rather than the therapist. Rogers claimed that the world is viewed differently by each person and knows his or her own experience best.  Clients do "the work of healing," and clients will heal themselves from the inside of a supportive and nurturing client-therapist relationship. Clients are in the best position to understand and make sense of their perceptions, to recover their selfesteem, and to advance towards self-actualization. This is an approach that is still in use in Psychiatry, bringing the client good result/outcome....