4 My products from poetry course 2020 DEVA PDF

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My notes from Intro to Poetry 2020. I created those documents while on the course. Do not assume they are all correct....

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Cinquain & Quatrain LM- 1366 Intro to Poetry Diana Vargas Azofeifa A96487

CINQUAIN

What is a Cinquain? “Adelaide Crapsey did not invent the five-line poem. The Sicilian quintain, the English quintain, the Spanish quintella, the Japanese tanka, and the French cinquain all predate hers. What she did invent, however, is a distinct American version of the five-line poem. Inspired by Japanese haiku and tanka and based on her advanced knowledge of metrics, she believed her form "to be the shortest and simplest possible in English verse."1 “A cinquain is a poem or five-line stanza with a rigid syllable count for each line. This modern form was invented by American poet Adelaide Crapsey. The first line contains two syllables, the second line contains four, the third line contains six, the fourth line contains eight, and the last line contains two.” (Masterclass) The most common cinquains in English follow a rhyme scheme of ababb, abaab or abccb. (Poets)

Categories English quintain: The English quintain follows a rhyme scheme of ABABB, in which the final two lines form a rhyming couplet. Limerick: The limerick follows a rhyming scheme of AABBA. The “A” lines are composed using iambic tetrameter, while the “B” lines are written in iambic trimeter. Limericks usually stand alone as a fiveline poem and often contain bawdy or humorous subject matter. Spanish Quintain: (also known as the quintilla) is a type of five-line poetry that is eight syllables in length, each line written in iambic tetrameter. It usually follows a rhyme scheme of ABBAA or AABBA, but this five-line poetry form can follow any rhyme scheme (including ABAAB), as long as no more than two consecutive lines rhyme at a time. (Masterclass)

Categories Pentastich: A pentastich is a free verse or blank verse form of quintain poetry. Each five-line stanza contains no rhyme or meter. Sicilian quintain: The Sicilian quintain employs an ABABA rhyme sequence. Though the original form of the Sicilian quintain had no specific form or meter, it is now common for it to be written iambic pentameter. In the Shakespearean sonnet “Sonnet 99,” the author’s first stanza is a Sicilian quintain, followed by two four-line stanzas (quatrains). (Masterclass)

Categories Tanka: The tanka is a Japanese form of quintain poetry. Much like a haiku, the tanka has particular syllable requirements. In this case, the first and third lines contain five syllables, while the second, fourth, and fifth lines contain seven syllables. Envelope quintet: An envelope quintet is a five-line verse in which the inner lines are enclosed by the rhyming outer lines. The rhyme scheme may look like ABCBA, AABAA, or ABBBA (in which the middle lines form a rhyming tercet). (Masterclass)

Background On October 8, 1914, a thirty-six year old woman died of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis in Rochester, New York. One year later, Manas Press published her first (and only) book of poetry, Verse. This poet’s name was Adelaide Crapsey, the inventor of the American Cinquain. Crapsey was born in 1878, the third child of an Episcopal clergyman. She graduated from Vassar College, returning to her high school boarding school, Kemper Hall, to teach literature and history. A few years later, while teaching a course entitled, “Poetics: A Critical Study of Verse Forms” at Smith College, she began a study of metrics which led to her invention of the cinquain as we know it. (Kolodji)

Variations Variation

Description

Reverse cinquain

a form with one 5-line stanza in a syllabic pattern of two, eight, six, four, two.

Mirror cinquain

a form with two 5-line stanzas consisting of a cinquain followed by a reverse cinquain.

Butterfly cinquain

a nine-line syllabic form with the pattern two, four, six, eight, two, eight, six, four, two.

Crown cinquain

a sequence of five cinquain stanzas functioning to construct one larger poem.

a series of six cinquains in which the last is formed of lines from the preceding five, typically Garland cinquain line one from stanza one, line two from stanza two, and so on. (Eberhart)

Didactic Cinquain Another form, Called a Didactic cinquain, sometimes used by school teachers to teach grammar, is as follows: Line 1: Noun Line 2: Description of Noun Line 3: Action Line 4: Feeling or Effect Line 5: Synonym of the initial noun

Poets

Adelaide Crapsey

Edgar Allan Poe

Herbert George

Jhonn Donn

Sir Philip Sidney

Edmund Waller

Ron Padgett

Poems

Turquoise Thoughts Hammered silver bracelet, desert sky turquoise stone city-bound but feels sagebrush in her soul. Deborah P Kolodji (Kolodji)

Rhyming scheme A B C D C

Turquoise Thoughts Analysis The title makes me think about the ocean particularly in a beach with turquoise water. The sky mirroring the water of the ocean without any clouds which is a symbol that represents peace and quiet times. However, the color and what it represents is actually encased in a small piece of jewelry which makes me feel nostalgic because the character thinks about the desert sky; which is shadowed by the stone in her jewelry implying that, just like her, it is surrounded and trapped or city bound. Nevertheless, despite being somewhere else, her soul can always escape back to feel the sagebrush that grows in that desert where both her and the jewelry probably come from.

Trapped Well and If day on day Follows, and weary year On year…and ever days and years… Well? Adelaide Crapsey page 36 (Toleos, Aaron)

Rhyming scheme A B C C D

Trapped Analysis The title trapped evokes a situation that is out of our immediate control making us feel tense, static without being able to move much away from the established area. Well and implies that the persona is more than well; however, that doesn’t mean that they feel only positive feelings it is open to interpretation and in my case I feel as if something was missing. If day on day follows implies a routine and a lack of separation or distinctiveness among the days which makes me think of how we lose track of the day we are in when all of them seem the same. and the weary year makes me think about how the routine we follow makes us tired and we don’t even realize it. Moreover, how we are trapped living in autopilot without being able to differentiate one year from the other.

QUATRAIN

Quatrain A Quatrain is a poem consisting of four lines of verse with a specific rhyming scheme. (Shadow Poetry) What Is the Purpose of a Quatrain in Poetry? When writing poetry, the selection of literary devices, poetic lineation, and stanzas are as important as choosing words. (Masterclass)

Rhyme Schemes -ABAC or ABCB (known as unbounded or ballad quatrain), as in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” or “Sadie and Maud” by Gwendolyn Brooks. -AABB (a double couplet); see A.E. Housman’s “To an Athlete Dying Young.” -ABAB (known as interlaced, alternate, or heroic), as in Thomas Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” -ABBA (known as envelope or enclosed), as in Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s “In Memoriam” or John Ciardi’s “Most Like an Arch This Marriage.” -AABA, the stanza of Robert Frost’s “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.” (Poetry Foundation)

Background The quatrain emerged as a poetic form in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It became more popular with the rise of polymath poets, who were experts in many different subjects. During the eleventh century, also known as the Dark Ages, a Persian astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, and poet named Omár Khayyám made sole use of the quatrain in a book of connected verses entitled “Rubáiyát,” or “quatrains” in Arabic. It was translated by English poet Edward Fitzgerald in the 1800s, helping its resurgence as a popular poetic stanza.

Characteristics Length. The quatrain form is long enough for a short narrative. The four-line stanza gives a poet room to convey a full thought, or two, in one verse. While a couplet’s brevity forces a limited use of words, a quatrain allows for a fuller expression of an idea. Rhyme scheme possibilities. There are fifteen possible rhyme combinations that can be used in a quatrain. Poets can utilize a single rhyme scheme or type of quatrain throughout a poem, or combine quatrains with different stanzas and rhyme patterns into one poem for a more playful tone.

Characteristics Versatility. The four lines of a quatrain can be of different lengths. They can include a variety of rhyme schemes that can be paired with any one of a number of meters. The possibilities are almost endless. One variation of a quatrain can carry a light, punchy poem, while another supports a heavier sonnet. This versatility is attractive to poets. One of the most adaptable features of a quatrain is its ability to be a free verse—a stanza without rhyme or set rhythm.

Categories Heroic stanza. Also known as elegiac stanza, a heroic quatrain can follow an ABAB or an AABB rhyme, the latter also called a double couplet. This quatrain is written in iambic pentameter—five double beats, or ten syllables, with emphasis placed on every second beat. Ruba’i. English poets rediscovered the form, first used by Omár Khayyám in the eleventh century, in the eighteenth century, and incorporated the structure of quatrain into their work. A ruba’i has a rhyme scheme of AABA. Ballad stanza. Ballad stanzas have an alternating rhyme scheme, or a cross rhyme— ABAB. The lines switch between iambic tetrameter (eight syllables) and iambic trimeter (six syllables). Many songwriters use the ballad stanza due to its melodic rhythm.

Categories Envelope quatrain. This four-line verse with an ABBA rhyme scheme is known as an envelope quatrain due to the first and fourth rhyming lines enclosing the rhyming second and third lines. Popular in Italian sonnets, the Italian quatrain is a more specific style, employing this scheme in iambic pentameter. Memoriam stanza. An envelope quatrain written in iambic tetrameter—eight beats per line—it is called a memoriam stanza. This stanza is named after Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s poem “In Memoriam.” (Masterclass)

Poets • • • • • • • • • •

Ogden Nash Sara Teasdale Thomas Gray Robert Frost Emily Dickinson William Shakespeare Wallace Stevens Hart Crane A. E. Housman William Blake (Burch)

Poems Sappho, fragment 156 (loose translation by Michael R. Burch) She keeps her scents in a dressing-case. And her sense? In some undiscoverable place. (Burch)

Rhyming scheme A B A B

Fragment 156 Analysis The character seems to be a lady that the persona contemplates and has a close relationship with. The word scents evokes an olfactory image of what she could smell like whether good or bad and how she keeps that smell away from others, somehow protected just like she could her sense which is not clear where it is maybe because she is unpredictable.

Poems Refugee by Emily Dickinson These Strangers, in a foreign World, Protection asked of me― Befriend them, lest Yourself in Heaven Be found a Refugee― (Burch)

Rhyming scheme A B C B “Ballad Quatrain”

Refugee Analysis The persona refers to how we can help one another, as we would a friend, on a complicated earth so that if we go to heaven they treat us with the same kindness and help us feel as safe as the strangers ask of her.

Works Cited

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