Poetry PDF

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1. Teil Poetry ...

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Poetry  What is poetry?  - can be primarily defined as language cast in verse ➢ features of poetry: - speaker, persona ≠ author: emotional, subjective (only the poet speaks) tendency towards shortness - rhetorical form: high number of images; figurative vs. literal language (stylistic devices: simile, allegory, metaphor, symbols…) - poetic form:  rhythm: based on the volume of our breath, the word order and accent, the stress of particular words for emphasis…  metre: sequence of stressed and unstressed syllables in lines of verse  rhyme: repetition of the same sounds, comes in two forms -> end-rhyme: repetition of the same-stressed vowel at the end of the line -> initial-rhyme: alliteration, internal rhyme (Binnenreim)

a) Rh Rhetorical etorical form  tropes (Wortfiguren) -> change the meaning of words; use words in senses beyond their literal meaning -

[simile, metaphor, conceit, metonymy, synecdoche, pun, allegory, personification, symbol, emphasis, euphemism, hyperbole, litotes, verbal and situational irony]  schemes/figures of speech (Satzfiguren) -> do not change the meaning of words; deviate from ordinary syntax by special -

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arrangement of words [inversion, anaphora, epiphora, repetition, parallelism, chiasmus, asyndeton,

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polysyndeton, paradox, oxymoron]

b) Poe Poetic tic form ➢ rhythm boundaries of lines and syntactic units: - end-stopped line (requires little pause at the end of the line) - run-on line [Enjambement] (sentence moves on into next verse) - cesura (comma, colon or full stop within a line of verse -> pause) stanzas: - couplets, terzets, quatrain, sestet, octet - sonnet, haiku, ballad ➢ metre METRICAL FOOT STRESS  trimeter X/X/X/ unstressed – stressed XX iamb  tetrameter X/X/X/X/ stressed – unstressed X X trochee  pentameter X/X/X/X/X/ two stressed X X spondee stressed – two unstressed X X X dactyl  free verse two unstressed – stressed XXX anapaest

➢ rhyme - END-RHYME: occurs when the last stressed vowel plus all that follows (in a line) sounds alike the last stressed vowel plus all that follows (in a line close by) - masculine and feminine rhyme

enclosing rhyme couplet rhyme cross rhyme tail rhyme triplet rhyme

 masculine rhyme: similarity of the last stressed syllable in two lines  feminine rhyme: similarity of a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one in two lines alliteration → links words by the initial sound internal rhyme → a rhyme along the line  other forms of rhymes: triple rhyme, identical rhyme, eye-rhyme, half-rhymes…….

abba aabb abab abcabc aaa...