7.2 Notes PDF

Preview

Summary

Lecture notes...

Description

✨Electron Configuration of Elements✨ Element Co Configura nfigura nfiguratio tio tion: n: H to Ne (co (cont.) nt.) ● Carbon (C) ○ Spdf Notation: 1s²2s²2p² ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑ ↑ 2p ● Nitrogen (N) ○ Spdf Notation: 1s²2s²2p³ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↓ ↓ ↓ 2p ● Oxygen (O) ○ Spdf Notation: 1s²2s²2p⁴ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓ ● Fluorine (F)

↑

↑ 2p

○ Spdf Notation: 1s²2s²2p⁵ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓ ● Neon (Ne)

↑↓

↑ 2p

↑↓

↑↓ 2p

○ Spdf Notation: 1s²2s²2p⁶ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓

Hun und’s d’s Rule of Ma Maxim xim ximu um M Multiplicity ultiplicity ● Every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital in that subshell is doubly occupied ● All electron in a singly occupied subshell have the same spin (parallel spins) ○ Ex. ■ Carbon (C) ● Spdf Notation: 1s²2s²2p² ● Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑ ↑ 2p Core & V Valence alence Electro Electrons ns ● Sodium (Na) ○ Spdf: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓

↑↓

↑↓ 2p ↑ 3s

■ ↑ 3s = Valence Electron ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ne] 3s¹ ■ Take the noble gas from the previous period and the additional electrons of the current element orbital ● Core Electro Electrons: ns: Electrons in completely filled shells

● Valence Electro Electrons ns ns:: Electrons in the outermost occupied shell Electro Electron n Configura Configuratio tio tion: n: Na to Ar ● Sodium (Na) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ne] 3s¹ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ● Magnesium (Mg) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ne] 3s² ○ Orbital Box Notation: ● Aluminum (Al) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ne] 3s²3p¹ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ● Silicon (Si) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ne] 3s²3p² ○ Orbital Box Notation:

↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓

↑↓

↑↓ 2p ↑ 3s

↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓

↑↓

↑↓ 2p ↑↓3s

↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓

↑↓

↑↓ 2p ↑↓3s ↑ 3p

↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓

↑↓

↑↓ 2p ↑↓3s ↑

↑

3p ● Phosphorus (P) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ne] 3s²3p³ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓

↑↓

↑↓ 2p ↑↓3s ↑

↑

↑↓

↑↓ 2p ↑↓3s ↑↓

↑↓

↑↓ 2p ↑↓ 3s ↑↓

↑ 3p ● Sulfur (S) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ne] 3s²3p⁴ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓ ↑ 3p ● Chlorine (Cl) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ne] 3s²3p⁵ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓ ↑↓ ● Argon (Ar)

↑ 3p

○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ne] 3s²3p⁶ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ 2p ↑↓ 3s ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ 3p Electro Electron n Configura Configuratio tio tion n & Per Periodic iodic TTaable ● Elements within a group have the following in common ○ They have the same number of valence electrons and similar electron configurations ○ For the main group elements, the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number (with the exception of He)

↑

Period Periodic ic TTaable: s,p,d,f Bl Blocks ocks

Electro Electron n Configura Configuratio tio tion: n: K to Zn ● Potassium (K) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ar] 4s¹ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑ 4s ● Calcium (Ca) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ar] 4s² ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 4s ● Scandium (Sc) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ar] 4s²3d¹ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 4s ↑ 3d ● Titanium (Ti) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ar] 4s²3d² ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 4s ↑ ↑ 3d ● Vanadium (V) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ar] 4s²3d³ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 4s ↑ ↑ ↑ 3d ● Chromium (Cr) (Exception to the Aufbau Principle) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ar] 4s¹3d⁵ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑ 4s ↑ ● Manganese (Mn) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ar] 4s²3d⁵

↑

↑

↑

↑ 3d

○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 4s ↑ ● Iron (Fe)

↑

↑

↑

↑ 3d

○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ar] 4s²3d⁶ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 4s ↑↓

↑

↑

↑

↑ 3d

● Cobalt (Co) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ar] 4s²3d⁷ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 4s ↑↓ ● Nickel (Ni)

↑↓

↑

↑

↑ 3d

○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ar] 4s²3d⁸ ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 4s ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ 3d ● Copper (Cu) (Exception to the Aufbau Principle) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ar] 4s¹3d¹º ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑ 4s ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ 3d ● Zinc (Zn) ○ Noble Gas Notation: [Ar] 4s²3d¹º ○ Orbital Box Notation: ↑↓ 4s ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ 3d...