Abnormal Review for Test #3 PDF

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Abnormal Psych Review sheet for test #3. Professor Rossi...

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List of Items to Review ● What is the rationale for sensate focus in sex therapy? o Sensate focus is a technique that helps partners learn to enjoy touch for the sheer pleasure of it. Sensate Focus is intended for sex educators, sex therapists, relationship counselors and therapists, pastoral counselors, physicians and physician assistants and, to a degree, the general public. ● What does hypoactive sexual desire refer to? o if your disinterest is causing distress in your life, then you may be diagnosed with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). ● Percentage of people with Anorexia nervosa that are estimated to die of starvation/suicide/medical complication stemming from extreme weight loss. o 5% ● Rate of occurrence for both bulimia and anorexia in females vs males. o Anorexia: ½ of 1% (10xF>M) o Bulimia: 1%-2% (F>M) ● Inaccurate perception of body size and shape is known as what? o Distorted body image ● Definition/characteristics and different types of paraphilia. (Paraphilia known as fetishism/frotteurism/pedophilia.) o ● Central nervous system depressant is related to what type of drug? o Alcohol, Barbiturates ● What is vaginismus? o a condition involving a muscle spasm in the pelvic floor muscles. It can make it painful, difficult, or impossible to have sexual intercourse, to undergo a gynecological exam, and to insert a tampon ● Depressive and obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbid with what? o Anorexia ● Symptoms/characteristics/treatments/trigger points for bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. o Anorexia: ▪ Distorted body image ▪ Loss of 25-30% of body weight ▪ Fear of being fat ▪ The absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles. A reaction to the loss of body fat and associated physiological changes ▪ Comorbid: Depression, Bulimia, OCD, OC PD

Treatment: ● Help the patient gain at least a minimal amount of weight. Address the broader eating and personal difficulties. ● Some evidence that family therapy is more effective than individual therapy for anorexia, whereas individual therapy is more helpful for bulimia. o Bulimia: ▪ Repeated vomiting can erode dental enamel. ▪ Repeated vomiting can also produce a gag reflex that is triggered too easily and perhaps unintentionally. ▪ Rumination: regurgitation and re-chewing of food ▪ Enlargement of the salivary glands. Rupture of the esophagus Types: ● Purging type: regularly uses self-induced vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, or enemas. ● Non-purging type: attempts to compensate for binge eating only with fasting or excessive exercise ▪ Triggered by unhappy mood ● Ernest Hemingway/William Masters and Virginia Johnson/Serrita and Michelle (Read textbook) o ● What is required in the DSM to be diagnosed with a disorder? o The essential features of a personality disorder are impairments in personality (self and interpersonal) functioning and the presence of pathological personality traits. To diagnose a personality disorder, the following criteria must be met: ▪ A. Significant impairments in self (identity or self-direction) and interpersonal (empathy or intimacy) functioning. ▪ B. One or more pathological personality trait domains or trait facets. ▪ C. The impairments in personality functioning and the individual‟s personality trait expression are relatively stable across time and consistent across situations. ▪ D. The impairments in personality functioning and the individual‟s personality trait expression are not better understood as normative for the individual‟s developmental stage or sociocultural environment. ▪ E. The impairments in personality functioning and the individual‟s personality trait expression are not solely due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, medication) or a general medical condition (e.g., severe head trauma). ● Hypoactive sexual desire definition. o Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) or inhibited sexual desire (ISD) is considered a sexual dysfunction and is characterized as a lack or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity, as judged by a clinician.

o Absent or diminished feelings of sexual interest or desire, absent sexual thoughts or fantasies, and a lack of responsive desire. Motivations for attempting to become sexually aroused are scarce or absent. The lack of interest is considered to be beyond a normative lessening with life cycle and relationship duration. ● Dyspareunia definition. o Difficult or painful sexual intercourse o Persistent or recurrent genital pain that occurs just before, during or after intercourse ● With regard to DSM-5, failure to achieve orgasm may be considered to what? o The male orgasmic disorder may be part of a complex of sexual malfunctioning that may include erectile dysfunction, abnormalities in ejaculation (such as premature ejaculation or retrograde ejaculation), and hypoactive sexual desire disorder. ● Phases of the human sexual response cycle described by Master and Johnson. o Phase 1: Excitement ▪ The excitement phase is the beginning of arousal. Whether from partnered sexual activity or solo masturbation, the characteristics of excitement remain the same. o Phase 2: Plateau ▪ In the plateau phase, sexual excitement continues to grow. Note that the word "plateau" is usually used to describe a leveling-off, or an area of no change. In the sexual response cycle, however, the “plateau” is not a static, boring place. In this stage, both males and females experience powerful surges of sexual excitement or pleasure. This phase can be very brief, typically lasting a few seconds to a few minutes. o Phase 3: Orgasm ▪ Orgasm is the climactic, shortest phase of the sexual response cycle, typically lasting only several seconds.1 The general characteristics of this phase of the sexual response cycle are the same for males and females, with a few notable differences. o Phase 4: Resolution ▪ In this phase, the body slowly returns to its original, unexcited state. Body parts return to their normal size and hue. Some of the changes occur rapidly, whereas others take more time. The resolution phase is often accompanied by a general sense of well-being, intimacy, and fatigue. The resolution phase begins immediately after orgasm if there is no additional stimulation.

● Scientists study of the biological basis of addiction and dopamine. o Drugs can cause changes in the brain. o Plasticity: nerve pathways shaped by experience. o This plasticity primarily occurs in the reward system of the brain. (located in the midbrain).

o Dopamine: primary NT controlling reward. o Drug use increases dopamine. ▪ When given dopamine, patients may show pathological gambling, hypersexuality, compulsive shopping, compulsive eating, and compulsive medication use. ●

Drugs categorized as stimulants. o Cocaine o Amphetamines ▪ Meth o Caffeine o Nicotine o ADHD meds

● Occupations associated with risk for developing eating disorders. o Eating disorders are even more common among young women working in fields that emphasize weight and appearance, such as models, ballet dancers, and gymnasts ● What will likely occur if you mix Antabuse with alcohol? o Life-threatening reactions to Antabuse with alcohol. The most dangerous side effects of drinking while on Antabuse include heart failure or heart attack, convulsions, severe respiratory difficulties, coma or death. Before you start taking this drug, a doctor must evaluate you for health conditions that could be worsened by Antabuse. ● Psilocybin can likely be found in what kind of food? o Mushrooms ● Another common term for exhibitionism. o Flashing - Exposing genitals to non-consenting others ● With an access to a fMRI facility and plan to study brain regions associated with drug addiction, it would be wise to focus on what part of the brain? o The midbrain, the plasticity regions. The reward system. ● Explain how a person could experience alcohol withdrawal. E.g. how the body would react. o Anxiety o Shaky hands o Headache o Nausea o Vomiting o Insomnia o Sweating o More serious problems range from hallucinations about 12 to 24 hours after that last drink to seizures within the first 2 days after you stop. You can see, feel, or hear things that aren't there.

o That isn’t the same as delirium tremens, or DTs as you’re likely to hear them called. DTs usually start 48 to 72 hours after you put down the glass. These are severe symptoms that include vivid hallucinations and delusions. Only  about 5% of people with alcohol withdrawal have them. Those that do may also have: o Confusion o Racing heart o High blood pressure o Fever o Heavy sweating ● What is the most common active ingredient in Marijuana? o The main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis is THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol). Affects receptors in hippocampus, the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and the neocortex ● Sexual sadism definition. o Paraphillic: Sexual arousal associated with pain o inflicting humiliation, bondage, fear, physical/mental pain, or suffering: BDSM ● Another name for narcotic analgesics. o Opiates/opioids o Some narcotic analgesics combine an opioid with aspirin, acetaminophen, or ibuprofen. Examples include: Percodan (chemical name: oxycodone and aspirin), Percocet and Roxicet (chemical name: oxycodone and acetaminophen), Vicodin, Lorcet, and Lortab (chemical name: hydrocodone and acetaminophen) ● The family of drugs that include barbiturates and benzodiazepines is also known informally as what? o Sedatives o Sleep inducive ● Gender Dysphoria o DSM-5 categorizes the sense of discomfort with one's anatomical as gender dysphoria. o A marked incongruence between one’s experienced/expressed gender and primary and/or secondary sex characteristics (or in young adolescents, the anticipated secondary sex characteristics). ● Incest o culturally prohibited sexual relations between family members ● Pica o eating inedible objects or things that are not considered as food. pica-pica refers to the bird Magpie: known for eating all sorts of things even tho its mainly to carry items to build a nest.

o This persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances must over a period of at least 1 month for diagnosis. o The eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances is inappropriate to the development of the individual. o The eating behavior typically occurs in the context of another mental disorder (e.g., intellectual disability, autism, schizophrenia) or medical condition (including pregnancy), it is sufficiently severe to warrant additional clinical attention. ● Rumination Disorder o Rumination disorder is an eating disorder in which a person -- usually an infant or young child -- brings back up and re-chews partially digested food that has already been swallowed. In most cases, the re-chewed food is then swallowed again; but occasionally, the child will spit it out. To be considered a disorder, this behavior must occur in children who had previously been eating normally, and it must occur on a regular basis -usually daily -- for at least one month. The child may exhibit the behavior during feeding or right after eating. ● Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder o A condition in which an individual does not eat certain foods. Usually avoidance of certain foods because of the sensory characteristics of the food. It could be taste, hardness, color, or any other characteristic. o Although most people have food they like and dislike, their avoidance of certain foods do not lead to significant weight lost but may be some nutritional deficiency....