Activity - Cardiovascular System (Blood) PDF

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Final Activity No. 2 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: THE BLOOD Fill in the blanks in the following statements; 1. Plasma minus its clotting proteins is termed serum 2. clot retraction is the consolidation or tightening the fibrin clot that helps to bring the edges of a damage vessel closer together. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. 3. Hemoglobin functions in transporting both oxygen and carbon dioxide and in regulating blood pressure. (T or F) T 4. The most numerous white blood cells in differential white blood cell count of a healthy individual are the neutrophils. (T or F) T Choose the one best answer to the following questions. 5. Which of the following are not required for clot formation? (1) vitamin K, (2) calcium,(3) prostacyclin, (4) plasmin, (5) fibrinogen. E (a) 1,2 and 5 (b) 3,4 and 5 (c) 4 and 5 (d) 1,2 and 3 (e) 3 and 4 6. Place the steps involved in hemostasis in the correct order. (1) conversion of fibrinogen in to fibrin (2) conversion of prothrombin in to thrombin (3) adhesion and aggregation of platelets on damage vessel, (4) prothrombinase formed by extrinsic or intrinsic pathway, (5) reduction of blood loss by initiation of a vascular spasm. A (a) 5,3,4,2,1 (b) 5,4,3,1,2 (c) 3,5,4,2,1 (d) 5,3,2,1,4 (e) 5,3,2,4,1 7. Which of the following statements explain why red blood cells (RBCs) are highly specialized for oxygen transport ? (1) RBCs contain hemoglobin. (2) RBCs lack a nucleus (3) RBCs have many mitochondria and thus generate ATP aerobically (4) The biconcave shape RBCs provides a large surface area for the inward and outward diffusion of gas molecules. (5) RBCs can carry up to four oxygen molecules for each hemoglobin molecules. B (a) 1,2,3 and 5 (b) 1,2,4 and 5 (c) 2,3,4 and 5 (d) 1,3 and 5 (e) 2,4 and 5 8. Which of the following are true (1) white blood cells leave the blood stream by emigration (2) adhesion molecules help white blood cells stick to the endothelium, which aids emigration. (3) neutrophils and macrophages are active in phagocytosis (4) the attractions to phagocytes to microbes and inflamed tissue is termed

chemotaxis (5) leukopenia is an increase in white blood cell count that occurs during infection. C (a) 1,2,4 and 5 (b) 2,3,4 and 5 (c) 1,2,3 and 4 (d) 1,3 and 5 (e) 1,2 and 4 9. A person with type A Rh- blood can receive a blood transfusion from which of the following types? (1) A Rh+ (2) B Rh- (3) AB Rh-(4) O Rh-(5) A Rh- D (a) 1 only. (b) 3 only (c) 4 only (d) 4 and 5 (e) 1 and 5 10. A person with type B positive blood receives a transfusion of type AB positive blood. what will happen? A (a) the recipient’s body will react with the donor’s red blood cells (b) the donor’s antigens will destroy the recipients antibodies (c) the donor’s antibodies will react with and destroy all of recipients red blood cells (d) the recipients blood type will change from Rh+ to Rh(e) these blood types are compatible and the transfusion will be accepted 11. What happens to the iron Fe3+ that is released during the breakdown of damaged red blood cells D (a) is is used to synthesize proteins (b) it is transported to the liver where it becomes part bile. (c) it is converted into urobilin and exerted in urine (d) it attaches to transferrin and is transported to bone marrow for use in hemoglobin synthesis. 12. Which of the following would not cause an increase in erythropoietin E (a) anemia (b) high altitude (c) hemorrhage (d) donating blood to a blood bank (e) polycythemia 13. Match the following: __4__(a) the percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells __7__(b) the percentage of each type of white blood cell __6__(c) measures numbers of RBCs, WBCs platelets, per, of blood; hematocrit, and differential WBC count

__1__(d) measures the rate of erythropeisis __3__(e) withdrawal of blood from a vein using a needle and collecting tube __5__(f) withdrawal of a small amount of red bone marrow with a fine needle and syringe __2__(g) removal of a core of red bone marrow with a large needle (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

reticulocyte count bone marrow biopsy venipuncture hematocrit bone marrow aspiration complete blood count differential white blood cell count

14. Match the following; __4__(a) contain hemoglobin and function in gas transport __6__(b) cell fragments enclosed by a piece of the cell membrane of megakaryocytes; contain clotting factors __2__(c) white blood cell showing a kidney shaped nucleus. capable of phagocytosis. __7__(d) monocytes that roam the tissues and gather at sites of infection or inflammation __1__(e) occur as B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. __5__(f) give rise to red blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets. __3__(g) cells that give rise to all the formed elements of blood, derived from mesenchyme. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

lymphocytes monocytes pluripotent stem cells red blood cells myeloid stem cells platelets wandering macrophages

15. Match the following; __4__(a) tissue protein that leaks into the blood from cells outside blood vessels and initiates the formation of protrombinase __6__(b) an anticoagulant __1__(c) its formation is initiated by either the extrinsic or intrinsic pathway or both, catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin of thrombin __3__(d) forms the threads of a clot, produced from fibrinogen __5__(e) can dissolve a clot by digesting fibrin threads __2__(f) serves as the catalyst to form fibrin, formed from prothrombin (1) prothrombinase (2) thrombin (3) fibrin

(4) thromboplastin (5) plasmin (6) heparin...