Cardiovascular System Quiz PDF

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CV 1 test Marking guide 30 minutes 1. Insert the labels on the diagram below (1-5 are parts of the conducting system of the heart):

2. What part of the conducting system is known as the ‘pacemaker’? Sino atrial node 3. What do the following waves on the ECG represent a. P wave: Atrial de-polarisation or (electrical excitability as it passes across the atria) b. QRS complex: Ventricular depolarisation or (electrical excitability as it passes through the ventricles) c. T wave: ventricular repolarisation

4. Where is the heart situated in the body In the thoracic cavity, between the lungs in the mediastinum. 5. What is the heart It is a muscular sac that pumps blood (actually 2 pumps as the right and left sides of the heart are separate) 6. How many layers does the heart have 3 7. Name the layers of the heart and state their position (inner, outer etc) Pericardium (outer), myocardium (middle) & endocardium (innermost) 8. One of these layers has 2 separate layers, which layer is it and what are the 2 layers Pericardium: outer layer is the fibrous pericardium, inner layer is the serous pericardium 9. What is the muscle layer of the heart called

Myocardium 10. Name the fluid that is produced by the layers of the heart and what is it’s function Serous fluid, it reduces friction as the heart contracts and relaxes 11. Name the blood vessels that carry blood out of the heart and state which chamber it exits from Pulmonary trunk, leaves the right ventricle Aorta, leaves the left ventricle 12. Name the blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart and state which chambers they empty into Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava & coronary sinus to right atrium. 4 pulmonary veins to the left atrium 13. Which blood vessels carry oxygenated (O.) blood to and from the heart Pulmonary veins carry O. Blood to the heart, Aorta carries O. blood away from the heart 14. Which blood vessels carry de-oxygenated (de-O.) blood to and from the heart Superior and inferior vena cava & coronary sinus carry de-O. blood to the heart, Pulmonary trunk carries de.O. blood away from the heart 15. Describe the flow of blood as it returns from the general (systemic) circulation until it is returned to the general or systemic circulation. Name the chambers, valves and blood vessels in your answer. (do not use abbreviations) Blood returns to the right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cava, it passes through the right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve into the right ventricle. As the right ventricle contracts blood moves through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary trunk (some may write artery) then on to the lungs. Blood returning from the lungs via the 4 pulmonary veins, enters the left atrium. It passes through the left atrioventricular (or bicuspid or mitral) valve into the left ventricle. As the left ventricle contracts blood moves through the Aortic valve into the Aorta, it is then carried through the general or systemic circulation. 16. What is the function of the conducting system It is an electrically charged group of cells that stimulate the cardiac muscle fibres to contract in a rhythmic fashion (answers may vary but should include reference to electrical stimulus or charge PLUS activates or causes the cardiac muscle to contract. 17. Do the ventricles and atria contract at the same time, if not which contracts first No, the atria contract first (to convey blood into the ventricle), then the ventricles contract 18. What sounds do the heart make and what causes these sounds ‘Lub’, Rt & Lt atrio-ventricular valves closing ‘Dup’, semilunar valves of pulmonary trunk and aorta closing 19. What is a vein (state briefly) A blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart 20. What is an artery (state briefly) A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart 21. State what ‘ECG’ stands for and what the ECG is.

ECG stands for electrocardiogram, it is a graphic representation of electrical activity in the heart. 22. Does the ECG represent contraction of the heart muscle No 23. Explain what the ‘pulmonary circulation’ is It is the system of blood vessels that carries blood from the heart to and through the lungs then back to the heart again. 24. What is the purpose of the ‘pulmonary circulation’ It carries blood that is low in oxygen (deoxygenated) and high in carbon dioxide to the lungs where it can pick up oxygen becoming oxygenated and get rid of carbon dioxide. 25. Explain what the systemic or general circulation is It is the system of blood vessels that carries blood from the heart to all regions of the body (organs tissues) then returns the blood back to the heart 26. What is the purpose of the systemic or general circulation It carries blood that is high in oxygen (oxygenated) and low in carbon dioxide to all regions of the body (organs/tissues). It delivers oxygen to the organs/tissues and picks up carbon dioxide.

Test on CV2, Blood vessels , blood and the respiratory system (30 minutes) MGuide 27. Draw and label the following structures on the outline of the heart below Ensure they are appropriately placed. Septum, 4 heart chambers, 4 heart valves, blood vessels entering & leaving the heart, chordae tendineae

*4 Pulmonary veins *Left Atrium *Inferor Vena Cava *Superior vena cava *Right atrium *Right atrioventricular valve (V.) or tricuspid V. *Pulmonary trunk *Chordae tendineae *Pulmonary Valve (V). *Right ventricle

*Left atrioventricular valve (V.) (or bicuspid V. Or mitral V. *Chordae tendiniae *Aorta *Aortic Valve. *Left Ventricle Septum

1. Which blood vessel(s) carries blood from the heart to the systemic circulation, is it an artery or vein Aorta: an artery 2. What is the definition of an artery A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

3. Which blood vessel(s) carries blood from the heart to the pulmonary circulation, is it an artery or vein Pulmonary trunk: an artery 4. State the difference between the type of blood (oxygenated or deoxygenated) carried by arteries and veins in the pulmonary circulation compared to the systemic circulation In the pulmonary circulation arteries carry deoxygenated blood, veins carry oxygenated blood In the systemic circulation arteries carry oxygenated blood, veins carry deoxygenated blood 5. Define the term ‘vein’ Veins are blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart 6. Briefly describe the difference between the walls of arteries and veins, naming the 3 different layers in your answer Both have the same 3 layers, inner layer: tunica intima, middle layer: tunica media (smooth muscle), outer layer: tunica externa or tunica adventitia. In arteries the tunica media is much thicker as arteries have to withstand much greater pressure. The tunica intima is thicker in arteries whereas the tunica adventitia is thinner in arteries compared to veins. Veins also have semilunar valves which prevent backflow 7. Through the walls of which blood vessels can exchange of nutrients or gases occur Capillaries 8. What are the main components of blood (give percentages) Plasma (55%), formed elements (45%) blood cells, (red and white blood cells) and platelets 9. Give the main components of plasma (give percentages) Water (91.5%), plasma proteins (7%) (albumin, globulin and fibrinogen), various solutes (1.5%) e.g. nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, vitamins, gases and waste products 10. What is the main function of red blood cells (erythrocytes) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide 11. What is the main function of white blood cells Combat pathogens, help fight infection 12. Label the diagram below...