Alexander Ayala Solubility and Miscibility PDF

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Summary

Second lab assignment...

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CHM-231L: Solubility and Miscibility Directions: All answers should be short, precise and professional. Alexander Ayala

Name:

Data Part A M = Miscible; PM = Partial Miscible; I = Immiscible Hexane

Ethyl acetate

2 - propanol

water (5 drops)

Miscible

Miscible

Miscible

water (10 drops)

Miscible

Partial Miscible

Miscible

water (15 drops)

Partial Miscible

Immiscible

Miscible

water (20 drops)

Immiscible

Immiscible

Partial Immiscible

Part B S = Soluble; PS = Partial Soluble; I = Insoluble Benzoic acid

Ethyl-4-aminobenzoate

Biphenyl

Room Temp

Hot

Cold

Room Temp

Hot

Cold

Room Temp

Hot

Cold

water

PS

PS

I

PS

PS

I

PS

S

I

ethyl acetate

PS

S

I

S

S

S

PS

S

PS

hexane

PS

PS

I

I

PS

I

PS

S

I

Part C Concentration Solubility of Acetate = 1g per 1 mL of water

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Size

10 drops Additional 10 drops

Alcohol #1

Alcohol #2

Alcohol #3

Butanol

Isopropyl

Octanol

Layer

Somewhat mixed

Layer

Layer

Somewhat mixed/Small layer

Layer

Questions What are the three intermolecular interactions that affect miscibility of two solvents?

1.

i. ii. iii. 2.

Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text. How does heat affect solubility of solids in solution? Click or tap here to enter text.

3.

What intermolecular force makes group I salts soluble in water? Click or tap here to enter text.

4. Compare the following solvents, rank in polarity most to least. ethanol, hexane, 2-butanone, water, benzene, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone Click or tap here to enter text. Which solvents would be completely miscible in water in all proportions? Click or tap here to enter text. 5.

How do drug manufacturers increase the water solubility of drugs? Click or tap here to enter text. © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

6.

Give two reasons why acetamide has a higher boiling point than water? i. ii.

Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.

7. Give two reasons why is it important to keep good records, i.e. lab notebook, in chemistry? i. ii.

Click or tap here to enter text. Click or tap here to enter text.

8. Complete the assignment of the unknowns from your lab notebook data. Predict the solubility of each compound and include a brief reason for your decision. (Bold or change color of soluble compounds). Reason: Benzoic Acid

Water

Diethyl ether

1M NaOH

1 M HCl

Benzoic acid is a weak acid, NaOH is a strong base: would form a pellet. Unknown solution performed a chemical reaction into a homogenous solution. NO

pAminobenzoic Acid Ethyl-4aminobenzoate Citric Acid

Water

Diethyl ether

1M NaOH

1 M HCl

Slightly soluble in water, amine group would react with HCl to form a salt. Soluble in diethyl ether.

Water

Diethyl ether

1M NaOH

1 M HCl

Soluble in diethyl ether and HCl.. Insoluble in NaOH and water.

Water

Diethyl ether

1M NaOH

1 M HCl

Citric acid is a weak acid and would have formed a

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pellet in NaOH. Is miscible in water. Naphthalene

Water

Diethyl ether

1M NaOH

1 M HCl

Hydrocarbon chain would not dissolve in water. Would mix with HCl due to the acid group.

Which one of the above is your unknonwn? (Give uknown # and name) The unknown chemical #4 is p-aminobenzoate. When reacted with sodium hydroxide, the 1o amine group and carboxyl group will react with the sodium hydroxide in a chain order. Firstly, the carboxyl group will react to form COONa and -OH, with -OH being an alcohol. The free alcohol will react with the amine group and form hydroxylamine, leaving the original chemical to become sodium benzoate. The constituent chemicals are hydroxylamine and water, all miscible with each other and soluble at room temperature.

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