Annabelle Ramirez - Chapter 7 Vocabulary PDF

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Annabelle Ramirez.

November 2, 2021 Chapter 7 Vocabulary

Progressives Primary aim was to remedy the political and economic injustices that had resulted from America's rapid industrialization. Had a belief in human "progress". Social Gospel Movement Middle class Progressives who acted out of a sense of moral responsibility derived from religion. Disgusted by living conditions in the slums, child labor, working conditions, and selfishness of wealthy business owners. Made an effort to eliminate social evils in order to allow God's "Second Coming". Salvation Army Emphasized the Christian duty to help the less fortunate. Temperance Movement A movement to call on the ban of alcohol. The Social Gospel Movement saw alcohol as one of the chief causes of social problems. Consumers A person who purchases goods and services for personal use. Muckrakers Writers who "raked" through the muck (moist dirt or filth) of American life, exposing some of the most ugly problems of the new industrial society. Ida Tarbell A muckraker who wrote "History of the Standard Oil Company". Her investigative journalism revealed how Rockefeller's success was largely based on ruthless business practices. Upton Sinclair Muckraker who wrote "The Jungle", a novel about poverty-stricken immigrants in Chicago. It included a description of the harmful practices in the meatpacking industry, such as putting dead rats and rat poison in sausage meat. Jacob Riis Muckraker who wrote "How the Other Half Lives", which examined the conditions of the urban poor. Settlement House Usually situated in "slum" neighborhoods, they provided services to immigrants and the urban poor, such as classes, English lessons, childcare, nursing of the sick, and help in obtaining

naturalization. Some had dining halls, gymnasiums, auditoriums, nurseries, and classrooms. At one time, more than 400 in the US. Jane Addams Ran the Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago. National Woman Suffrage Association Founded in 1869, represented millions of women and was active during the Progressive Era in the struggle to achieve voting rights for women. Municipal Reform The exposing of corruption in the town or city level of government. Political Machines An organization, usually controlled by a strong leader or "boss", that gets citizens to vote for its candidates on election day. People worked for the "machine" in exchange for political favors and other rewards. City Manager In a government run by this, an elected board of citizens appoint a specially trained "manager" to run the city government more efficiently. This person has to answer to the board and therefore was far weaker than a traditional mayor. Robert La Follette Leading Progressive Governor was this person, governor of Wisconsin from 1900 to 1906. He broke the power of local political bosses and the influence of the railroads over the state legislature. Secret Ballot Voters marked their ballots in private instead of voting openly, making them less subject to pressure and intimidation. Initiative Voters could directly introduce bills into the state legislature. Referendum Voters could repeal a law already passed by the legislator through a special election known as this. Recall Elected officials could be dismissed from office by voters in a special election. Direct Primary

Party members voted in a special election to indicate their preferences for their party's nominees. Up until this time, party leaders generally chose their party's candidates. 17th Amendment Passed in 1913, changed the Constitution itself, giving voters the power to directly elect their Senators. Women's Suffrage Refers to the right of women to vote in elections. Child Labor The use of children in industry or business, especially when illegal or considered inhumane. Susan B. Anthony Began her reform activities in support of the temperance movement and as an abolitionist. After the Civil War, I believed the time had come for women to vote. Started publishing The Revolution, a weekly journal for women's rights.

Alice Paul She visited England, where she became active in the suffrage movement. Brought back knowledge of their more militant tactics to America. Organized a march in Washington, D.C. on behalf of women's suffrage in 1913, the day before Wilson's inauguration. Theodore Roosevelt Elected the 26th President of the US in 1901. In office until 1909. Presented the "Square Deal". Was big on hunting. Formed a cavalry regiment known as the "Rough Riders", which he led in the battle on San Juan Hill in Cuba. Known as the "trust buster". Government Regulation A law that controls the way that a business can operate, meant to protect consumers. "Square Deal" Roosevelt promised America this, by which he meant fair play and equality of opportunityespecially conservation of natural resources, control of corporations and the protection of consumers. Coal Strike of 1902 These workers went on strike. The nation was threatened with a winter without this commodity. Roosevelt acted quickly to protect public interest and brought representatives of the union and mine owners to the White House. He convinced mine owners to submit to arbitration. Final outcome: 10% pay raise and a nine hour work day. Meat Inspection Act

Shocked by the revelations in the Jungle Book by Upton Sinclair, Roosevelt pushed this act through Congress in 1906, establishing government inspection of meat shipped between states. Pure Food and Drug Act Passed in 1906, it prohibited the adulteration of foods or the use of poisons as preservatives. Medicine containers were required to bear labels indicating their contents. William Howard Taft 27th President of the United States, election in 1909. In office until 1913. A conservative Progressive. Continues many of Roosevelt's policies, like trust busting and civil service reform. Opposed immigration restrictions. Prevented railroads from raising rates unreasonably. Proposed the first corporate income tax and the 16th Amendment. 16th Amendment Permits the federal government to collect income taxes on individuals. Woodrow Wilson Elected 28th President of the United States in 1913. In office until 1920. Was cool and logical. Excellent public speaker. Made it harder for African Americans to enter government service, encouraged segregation. Proposed "New Freedom". Wanted to tame Big Business and attract competition.Attacked the "triple wall of privilege"- the tariff, the baking system, and the trusts. Graduated Income Tax A direct tax on incomes in which wealthier people are taxed at higher rates than others. Federal Reserve Act Passed in 1913, solved many of the nation's longstanding banking problems. Created a more elastic currency that could expand when the nation needed it to. The new system was a compromise between private and government control of the banks. Clayton Antitrust Act Prohibited certain unfair business practices. Also stated that antitrust laws could not be used against labor unions or farmers cooperatives. Courts could only issue orders (injunctions) against strikes where permanent damage to property was threatened. Federal Trade Commission A regulatory agency with powers to investigate corporate activities and to issue orders forcing a corporation to discontinue a business practice until its fairness was decided in court. Created to put "teeth" into antitrust legislation. Everglades A national park in Florida created in 1947 by May Mann Jennings efforts in nature conservation. Governor Broward

A prominent reformer in Florida during the Progressive Era. Stood up for farmers and small businesses. Foolishly drained parts of the Everglades for agriculture, generally advocated conservation of forests, fish, and game. Spoke against child labor. Built roads to improve trade for farmers and supported social welfare programs, prison reform, and public education....