A&P I- Practicum II - This is a study guide of what you might find on the lab practical PDF

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This is a study guide of what you might find on the lab practical ...

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A&P!I:!Final!Lab!Practicum! !

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Smooth!Muscle!! Cardiac!Muscle! Skeletal!Muscle!

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Motor!Unit! o Skeletal!Muscle! o Branching!Axons! o Axonal!Terminals! ! Giant!Polar!Neuron! o Cell!Body! o Nucleus! o Dendrites! o Glial!Cell!Nuclei! ! Nerve;!Cross!Section! o Epineurium! o Perineurium! o Endonuerium! o Myelin!Sheath! o Axon! ! Nerve;!Longitudinal!Section! o Myelin!Sheath! o Axon! o Node!of!Ranvier!

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Retina:!Identify!the!Nuclei!! o Rods!&!Cones! o Bipolar!Cells! o Ganglion!Cells!

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Cochlear! o Scala!Vestibuli! o Cochlear!Duct! o Scala!Tympani! o Vestibular!Membrane! o Basilar!Membrane! o Perilymph! o Endolymph! o Spiral!Organ! o Tectorial!Membrane! o Hair!Cells!

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Cerebrum! o Pyramidal!Cells!

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Cerebellum! o Purkinje!Cells!

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Spinal!Cord! o Dorsal!Root!Ganglion!

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Muscles! !

! ! Thorax!(Deep)&!Respiration!!

! Head! • • • • •

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Epicranius! Orbicularis!Oculi! Orbicularis!Oris! Buccinator! Zygomaticus! o Origin:!Zygomatic!Bone! o Insertion:!Corner!of!mouth! Masseter! o Origin:!Zygomatic!process! o Insertion:!Mandible! Temporalis! o Origin:!Temporal!Bone! o Insertion:!Coronoid!Process!of! mandible!

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Abdominal!Wall! • • • •

Neck,!Shoulder!Thorax! • • •

Neck!

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Platysma! Digastric! Sternocleidomastoid! o Origin:!Sternum!&!Clavicle! o Insertion:!Mastoid!Process! Mylohyoid! o Origin:!Mandible! o Insertion:!Hyoid!Bone!

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Thorax!&!Shoulder!(superficial)!

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Pectoralis!Major! o Origin:!Sternum,!Clavicle,!Ribs! o Insertion:!Greater!Tubercle!of!!!!!!!!!!! Humerus! Serratus!Anterior! o Origin:!Ribs!1-8!! o Insertion:!Scapula! Deltoid! o Origin:!Clavicle,!Acromion,!!!!! Spine!of!scapula! o Insertion:!Deltoid!Tuberosity! Pectoralis!Minor!

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Teres!Major! Rhomboids! Trapezius! o Origin:!Occipital!Bone,!C7,! Thoracic!Vertebrae! o Insertion:!Acromion,!Scapular! Spine,!Clavicle! Latissimus!Dorsi! o Origin:!Thoracic!&!Lumbar! Vertebrae,!Ribs,!Iliac!Crest! o Insertion:!Humerus! !

Rotator!Cuff!

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Rectus!Abdominis! External!Oblique! Internal!Oblique! Transversus!Abdominis!

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External!Intercostals! Internal!Intercostals! Diaphragm!

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Supraspinatus! o Origin:!Scapula! o Insertion:!Greater!Tubercle!of! the!Humerus! Infraspinatus! o Origin:!Scapula! o Insertion:!Greater!Tubercle!of! the!Humerus! Teres!Minor! o Origin:!Scapula! o Insertion:!Greater!Tubercle!of! the!Humerus! Subscapularis! o Origin:!Scapula! o Insertion:!Lesser!Tubercle!of! the!Humerus!

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Quadriceps!Femoris!

Vertebral!Column! •

Erector!Spinae!

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Upper!Extremity! •

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Biceps!Brachii! o Origin:!Coracoid!Process,! Capsule! o Insertion:!Radial!Tuberosity! Brachialis! Triceps!Brachii! o Origin:!Glenoid!Fossa,!Humerus! o Insertion:!Olecranon!process! Brachioradialis!

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Forearm(anterior)! •

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Hamstrings(posterior)!

Flexor!Carpi!Radialis! o Origin:!Humerus! o Insertion:!Metacarpals! Palmaris!Longus! Flexor!Carpi!Ulnaris! Flexor!Digitorum!Superficialis!

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Forearm(posterior)! • • •

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Extensor!Carpi!Radialis!Longus! Extensor!Carpi!Radialis!Brevis! Extensor!Digitorum! o Origin:!Humerus! o Insertion:!Phalanges! Extensor!Carpi!Ulnaris!

Triceps!Surae(posterior!leg)! •

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Lower!Extremity!

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Biceps!Femoris! o Origin:!Ischial!Tuberosity,!!!! Linea!Aspera! o Insertion:!Tibia! Semitendinosus! o Origin:!Ischial!Tuberosity! o Insertion:!Tibia! Semimembranosus! o Origin:!Ischial!Tuberosity! o Insertion:!Tibia!

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Rectus!Femoris! o Origin:!Acetabulum! o Insertion:!Tibial!Tuberosity! Vastus!Lateralis! o Origin:!Greater!Trochanter,! Linea!Aspera! o Insertion:!Tibial!Tuberosity! Vastus!Medialis! o Origin:!Linea!Aspera! o Insertion:!Tibial!Tuberosity! Vastus!Intermedius! o Origin:!Femur! o Insertion:!Tibial!Tuberosity!

Iliopsoas! Sartorius! o Origin:!ASIS! o Insertion:!Tibia! Adductors! Pectineus! Gracilis! Tensor!Fasciae!Latae! Gluteus!Medius! Gluteus!Maximus! o Origin:!Ilium,!Sacrum,!Coccyx! o Insertion:!Gluteal!Tuberosity!

Gastrocnemius! o Origin:!Femur! o Insertion:!Calcaneus! Soleus! o Origin:!Tibia,!Fibula! o Insertion:!Calcaneus!

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Leg(Lateral/Anterior)! •

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Fibularis!Longus! o Origin:!Fibula! o Insertion:!First!Metatarsal,! Medial!Cuneiform! Extensor!Digitorum!Longus! Tibialis!Anterior!

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!The!Cat!Muscles! ! Head! •

! Pelvis! Masseter!

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Neck! • • •

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Digastric! Sternomastoid*! Mylohyoid!

Thigh! • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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Thorax! • • •

Pectoralis!Major! Pectoralis!Minor! Serratus!Ventralis*!

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Abdominal! • • • •

Rectus!Abdominis! External!Oblique! Internal!Oblique! Transversus!Abdominis!

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Leg!

Clavotrapezius*! Acromiotrapezus*! Spinotrapezius*! Latissimus!Dorsi! !

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Shoulder! • • •

Brachioradialis!

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Arm! • • •

Biceps!Brachii! Triceps!Brachii! Brachialis!

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Fibularis!Longus! Tibialis!Anterior! Extensor!Digitorum!Longus! Gastrocnemius! Soleus!

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Clavodeltoid*! Acromiodeltoid*! Spinodeltoid*!

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Sartorius! Pectineus! Adductor!Femoris! Adductor!Longus! Gracilis! Rectus!Femoris! Vastus!Lateralis! Vastus!Intermedius! Vastus!Medialis! Tensor!Fasciae!Latae! Biceps!Femoris! Semitendinosus! Semimembranosus!

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Back! • • • •

Iliopsoas! Gluteus!Maximus! Gluteus!Medius!

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!The!Brain! ! Ventricles!Model!

! Human!Brain!Model! • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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Cerebrum! Longitudinal!Fissure! Central!Sulcus! Precentral!Gyrus!(Primary!Motor!Area)! Postcentral!Gyrus!(Primary!Motor! Area)! Lateral!Sulcus! Frontal!Lobe! Parietal!Lobe! Temporal!Lobe! Occipital!Lobe! Olfactory!Bulbs! Optic!Nerve! Optic!Chiasm! Infundibulum! Pituitary!Gland! Mammillary!Body! Midbrain! Pons! Medulla!Oblongata! Pineal!Body! Corpora!Quadrigemina! o Superior!Colliculi! o Inferior!Colliculi! Corpus!Callosum! Thalamus! Hypothalamus! Cerebellum! Arbor!Vitae!

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! Sheep’s!Brain!Specimen! • • • • • • • • • • •

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Cerebrum! Longitudinal!Fissure! Olfactory!Bulbs! Optic!Nerve! Optic!Chiasma! Mammillary!Body! Midbrain! Pons! Medulla!Oblongata! Pineal!Body! Corpora!Quadrigemina! o Superior!Colliculi! o Inferior!Colliculi! Corpus!Callosum! Thalamus! Cerebellum! Arbor!Vitae!

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Lateral!Ventricle! Third!Ventricle! Fourth!Ventricle! Cerebral!Aqueduct!

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The!Spinal!Cord! ! !

Cross-section!Spinal!Cord!Model! • • • • • • • • •

White!Columns! Ventral!Horn! Lateral!Horn! Dorsal!Horn! Central!Canal! Ventral!Root! Dorsal!Root! Dorsal!Root!Ganglion! Spinal!Nerve!

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Longitudinal!Spinal!Cord!Model! • • •

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Conus!Medullaris! Cauda!Equina! Cervical!Plexus! o Peripheral!Nerve:!Phrenic! Nerve! o Innervates:!Diaphragm! Brachial!Plexus! o 1.!Peripheral!Nerve:!Axillary! o Innervates:!Deltoid,!Teres! Minor! o 2.!Peripheral!Nerve:! Musculocutaneous!Nerve! o Innervates:!Biceps!Brachii,! Brachialis! o 3.!Peripheral!Nerve:!Median! Nerve! o Innervates:!Flexors!forearm! o 4.!Peripheral!Nerve:!Ulnar! Nerve! o Innervates:!Flexor!Carpi!Ulnaris! o 5.!Peripheral!Nerve:!Radial! Nerve! o Innervates:!Triceps!Brachii,! Extensors!Forearm! ! ! ! ! !

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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Lumbar!Plexus! o 1.!Peripheral!Nerve:!Femoral! Nerve! o Innervates:!Qudriceps!Femoris,! Sartorius! o 2.!Peripheral!Nerve:!Obturator! Nerve! o Innervates:!Adductors!

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Sacral!Plexus! o Sciatic!Nerve!(two!parts)! § 1.!Peripheral!Nerve:! Tibial!Nerve! § Innervates:!Hamstrings,! Gastrocnemius,!Soleus! § 2.!Peripheral!Nerve:! Common!Fibular!Nerve! § Innervates:!Fibularis! Longus,!Extensor! Digitorum!Longus,! Tibialis!Anterior!

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The!Eye/Vision! ! !

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Eye!Model! • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Vision!Tests!

Superior!Rectus!Muscle! Medial!Rectus!Muscle! Lateral!Rectus!Muscle! Inferior!Rectus!Muscle! Superior!Oblique!Muscle! Inferior!Oblique!Muscle! Sclera! Cornea! Iris! Pupil! Choroid!! Vitreous!Humor! Lens! Retina! Ciliary!Body! Optic!Disc! Optic!Nerve! Macula!Lutea!

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Sclera! Cornea! Iris! Lens! Ciliary!Body! Retina! Pigmented!Choroid!Coat!

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Test!for!Astigmatism! o Circle!chart!with!lines!and! numbers! Test!for!Visual!Acuity! o Eye!Chart! Test!for!Color!Blindness! o The!special!book! Test!for!Depth!Perception! o Closing!one!eye:!test! tube/pencil! Demonstrating!Blind!Spot! o Page!with!X!!and!! Presbyopia:!Near!Point!of! Accommodation! o Hold!book!slowly,!move! forward! Identify!the!Ophthalmoscope! Demonstrate!Reflex!Activity!of!Eye! Muscles:!! o Light!reaction!on!the!eye!

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!The!Ear/Hearing! ! !

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Ear!Model! • • • • • • • • • • • • •

! ! Hearing!Tests!

Auricle! External!Acoustic!Meatus! Tympanic!Membrane! Malleus! Incus! Stapes! Oval!Window! Round!Window! Cochlea! Semicircular!Canals! Vestibule! Vestibulocochlear!Nerve! Eustachian!Tube!

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! Cochlear!Model! • • • • • • • • • •

Scala!Vestibuli! Cochlear!Duct! Scala!Tympani! Perilymph! Endolymph! Vestibular!Membrane! Basilar!Membrane! Spiral!Organ! Tectorial!Membrane! Hair!Cells!

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Acuity!Test! o ! Sound!Localization! o ! Weber!Test! o ! Rinne!Test! o ! Identify!the!Otoscope!

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