ASIA- Vocagrammar PDF

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NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES 1. Use the quizlet list: the rise of Asian countries Fill in the gaps with compound adjectives taken from the quizlet list or your knowledge. A definition of each adjective is given to help you. a. Taiwan has replaced its traditional garment industries such as toys and textiles by outsourcing industries, moving them offshore to Malaysia or the Philippines. (which requires numerous workers / which uses or produces new technologies) b. Taiwan benefited from the arrival of many well-educated Chinese who fled communism. (who have a university diploma) c. South Korea has sustained a double digit growth for decades. (said of a number of at least two figures) d. Seoul’s hub development strategy left the rural sector relatively underdeveloped despite efforts to improve rural living standards. (which is specialised in exports) e. For many years, Malaysia has been one of the world’s emerging markets. (rising) f. Indian call centres rely on an English-speaking workforce. (who speaks English) g. China outsources its cheap labour industrial activities to Vietnam but its capital-intensive businesses remain in China as profit margins are higher. (using and producing a lot of capital) h. India is in dire need of ground-breaking reforms for entrepreneurs to overcome cumbersome bureaucratic hurdles. (using revolutionary methods)

Grammar : Les différents emplois de « as » Analysez et traduisez les exemples suivants : 1. Countries such as Malaysia and the Philippines have developed recently. “As” est préposition. ➞Les pays comme la malaisie et les Philippines se sont développés récemment. 2. Many countries think of China as a source of cheap products. As est préposition. ➞ De nombreux de pays considèrent la chine comme une source de produits pas chers. 3. As India lacks good roads, farmers find it difficult to sell their products. As est conjonction. ➞ Comme l’inde manque de bonnes routes, les agriculteurs trouvent que c’est difficile de vendre leurs produits. 4. As China becomes richer, so the gap between the poor and the rich is growing dramatically. As est conjonction. ➞ Alors que la Chine devient plus riche, l’écart entre les pauvres et les riches grandit considérablement. 1. Complétez les phrases suivantes avec la traduction anglaise de l’expression entre parenthèses. a. The advent of China as global power is a challenge for all countries. (comme puissance mondiale) b. Since most cities are overcrowded, roads are congested all the time. (étant donné que la plupart des villes) c. A port such as Singapore can accommodate up to 40 cargo tankers whereas Mumbai has something like 9 berths to accommodate them. (un port tel que) d. India’s young graduates may work As call center employees they speak English fluently. (comme employés de centre d’appel/puisque) e. While Vietnam is developing at great speed, banks are lending more and more money to its entrepreneurs. (tandis que le Vietnam)

3. Complétez les phrases suivantes en utilisant for, since ou ago, combiné avec le repère proposé entre parenthèses. Puis, posez une question sur la phrase commençant par How long ou How long ago, et traduisez le tout. Example: How long has India been independent? How long ago did India become independent? a. China has produced inexpensive goods for years and years now. (years and years) How long has China produced inexpensive goods? Depuis combine de temps la chine produit-elle des produits bon marché? b) Tata Motors have been selling their Nano car since 2008. (2008) How long have Tata Motors been selling their Nano car? Depuis combine de temps tata motors vend-elle sa voiture nano? c. China started reforming its economy more than three decades ago (three decades) How long ago did china reform its economy? Depuis combine de temps la chine reformait-elle son économie? d. Taiwan’s economy has been based on a strong spirit of entrepreneurship for long time. (a long time) How long has Taiwan’s economy been based on a strong spirit of entrepreneurship? Depuis combien de temps l’économie taiwainaise est basée sur un fort esprit d’entreprenariat? e. The Philippines has lagged behind since the financial crisis. (the financial crisis) How long has the philippines laggeg? Depuis combine de temps les Philippines sont’elles en retard? f. A long time ago all these Asian countries were colonies. (a long time) How long ago did Asian countries were colonies? Depuis combine de temps les pays asiatiques étaient’ils des colonies ? g. Our Asian supplier has been making these toys for six months. (six months) How long has Asian supplier been making these toys? Depuis combien de temps les fournisseurs asiatiques fabriquent’ils ces jouets?

4. Traduisez en anglais les phrases suivantes.

a. Leur PIB a augmenté de 6 % au cours des trois dernières décennies. Their PIB has increased by 6% over the past 3 years. b. Depuis combien de temps Hong Kong est-il chinois ? – Depuis plusieurs années. How long has Hong Kong been Chinese ? – For several years. c. Depuis la fin des années 1990, des pays comme le Vietnam connaissent un essor important. Since the end of 1990’s, countries like Vietnam have a significant growth. d. Il n’y a pas très longtemps, comme tous ces pays étaient très pauvres, les enfants mouraient de faim. Not too long ago, as all these countries were very poor, children died because of hungry. e. Pendant dix ans, notre fournisseur nous a vendu ce riz comme étant le meilleur. For ten years, our supplier has sold us this rice as the better. f. Cela fait combien de temps que Hong Kong est revenu à la Chine ? How long has Hong Kong been back to China ?

FACTS ON NEWLY INDUSTRIALISED COUNTRIES 1. Economic development Countries have different levels of wealth (richesse) depending on their level of economic and industrial development. Developed countries are usually the most advanced economically, because they have a lot of economic and industrial activities, high levels of per capita income, and highly developed capital markets. Developed markets are mainly the countries of Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. Developing countries are poor countries with little industrial and economic activity and where incomes per capita are low. Most developing countries are in Africa, Asia and South America. Some formerly (précédemment) developing countries have emerged into newly industrialized countries which have had rapid economic growth and development but have lower per capita income and less mature capital markets than developed countries. They no longer rely on agriculture as their primary resource and have infrastructures which allow them to develop their industrial growth. 2. Rapidly developing economies. The main feature is the rapid economic transformation from an agricultural-based economy to an industrial one. Labour-intensive manufacturing allows high economic growth. Despite their rapid growth, these economies have not reached developed countries’ status. However, their low wage costs make them attractive to investors. People enjoy better living conditions due to increased wages and improved infrastructures G20 is an international forum that represents the governments of the 19 most important developed and newly industrialized countries plus the European Union. Its aim is to coordinate global economic policy. It replaced G8 in 2008 to recognize the growing importance of emerging countries in global economic decisions. 3. Social and environment costs of rapid progress Quick progress often comes with environmental and social issues. Exploiting natural resources to satisfy consumer and industrial demand has had dramatic environmental effects. (intensive deforestation, toxic chemical use…) Massive urban migration of agricultural workers to cities to work in manufacturing jobs.

Lack of food in rural areas, job opportunities, education and better healthcare are among push factors of migration. 4. Inequalities in trade In general, developed countries export valuable manufactured goods and import cheaper primary products. Developing countries export commodities (primary goods) which means they have little purchasing power and they remain in poverty. NIC benefit from globalization because they manufacture so many goods for developed countries: they are dependent on the world’s biggest markets for their exports. Exporting countries can be accused of dumping and risk protectionist anti-dumping measures by developed countries that may use extra import tariffs in order to make the imported goods more expensive and less competitive than their own. 5. Limits to development There are several factors to explain why some countries do not emerge: natural disasters such as drought, famine or earthquake and a hostile climate can make it difficult to invest in infrastructures. Countries may not have natural resources to develop or sell, and lack infrastructures such as roads, railways, ports and airways to transport their goods to markets. Most developing countries depend on subsistence-farming. Political instability does not provide good conditions for economic investments and corrupt governments can be tempted to divert aid and more money destined for industrial development. High population growth, low literacy rates, lack of skills and health issues (such as HIV, malaria) are also huge challenges to face. 6. technology and innovation Despite the advances in technology, the digital divide is widening between developed and developing countries.

Exercise: A. After reading the facts concerning NIC, decide whether the following statements are true or false justify your answers: 1. Most developing countries are in Australasia. False - Most developing countries are in Africa, Asia and South America. 2. A newly industrialized country is an emerging country. True - Some formerly developing countries have emerged into newly industrialized countries which have had rapid economic growth and development but have lower per capita income and less mature capital markets than developed countries. 3.The main feature of an emerging country is its slow transformation from an agricultural economy to an industrial one. True - The main feature is the rapid economic transformation from an agricultural-based economy to an industrial one. Labour-intensive manufacturing allows high economic growth. 4. The rising importance of newly industrialized countries has not been recognized on the international stage. False - G20 is an international forum that represents the governments of the 19 most important developed and newly industrialized countries plus the European Union. Its aim is to coordinate global economic policy. It replaced G8 in 2008 to recognize the growing importance of emerging countries in global economic decisions.

5. Developing countries mainly export commodities. True- Developing countries export commodities (primary goods) which means they have little purchasing power and they remain in poverty. 6. When countries sell products very cheaply, they are sometimes accused of dumping. Exporting countries can be accused of dumping and risk protectionist anti-dumping measures by developed countries that may use extra import tariffs in order to make the imported goods more expensive and less competitive than their own 7. Subsidence farming allows farmers to sell their produce and make profit. True - Most developing countries depend on subsistence-farming. 8. In order to develop their economies, African nations will have to develop vast electricity networks. True - Despite the advances in technology, the digital divide is widening between developed and developing countries.

B. Watch the video: Why are some countries poor and others rich? (easy , translations given )

 Why do some countries prosper and other stagnate? There are 3 factors that determined if a country will be rich or poor: - institutions: corruption, taxes - culture: religions less people believe the richer they could be - geography: poor countries are localized in area tropical: problem of agriculture and animals, problem of diseases, badly connected: transports, resources trap  What are the challenges and hurdles facing poor economy? It is necessary that 50 % of resources of a country come back to the institutions, 20% due to culture and 10% due to geography: connectivity to the rest of the world.

C. Watch the video: How India’s economy is growing at a faster rate than China.

Answer the questions while watching.

1. What is the current India’s population? The current population in India is about 1.3 Billion. 2. When is its population expected to surpass China’s? The population is expected to surpass China’s population in 2024. 3. Who’s Indian Prime Minister? The Indian Prime Minister is Narendra Modi 4. What problems is India currently facing? The problems are the high unemployment rate, PIB is far behind that of its rivals (china). 5. Why did India remain poor so many years after its independence from GB that took place in 1947? Because it has adopted a closed economy and become a socialist country : nationalized the main industries 6. The turning point occurred in 1991, what happened? The Soviet Union is principal partner collapsed. 7. What were the consequences related to this turning point? Economic reforms have been launched = globalization. The country implemented an economic reform plan : open markets, eliminate restrictions. 8. What year did Indian economy really take off? It is about 2003/2004. 9. How can you account for this growth? India’s economy modernizes : the growth of IT sector, demographic dividend : a young population, 10. What are the obstacles (hurdles) that the country is still facing? The obstacles are job growth, liquidity shortages.

D. Text. Après la lecture de ce texte, vous en ferez un compte rendu en français (100 mots) Pour vous faciliter la compréhension, je vous donne une liste des mots traduits.

China's economy shows further weakness as retail sales struggle AFP / HECTOR RETAMAL, 22/05/2019

China's economy showed further signs of weakness in April as the slowest growth in retail sales for 16 years highlighted the task leaders have in ramping up domestic demand at the same time as fighting a painful trade war with the US. Authorities have for years been attempting to transition the world's number two economy from being reliant on state investment and exports to a more stable one driven by China's huge army of consumers, with the tariffs stand-off reinforcing the need for such a change. But those consumers show signs of starting to pull back, with clothes and car sales falling in April from the same period last year. The latest figures on Wednesday show total retail sales expanded 7.2 percent on-year last month, well off the 8.4 percent tipped by economists in a Bloomberg News survey and a big drop from March.

The National Bureau of Statistics data represent the worst pace since 2003, at the height of the SARS crisis. Growth in output at China's factories and workshops in April slowed sharply to 5.4 percent on-year, down from 8.5 percent in March, and below forecasts. Fixed-asset investment during the January-April period rose 6.1 percent, from 6.3 percent in the first three months, with private- sector investment growth slowing to 5.5 percent expansion in infrastructure investment steady from last month. The readings fanned speculation authorities will unveil another round of pumppriming -- having wound back on such stimulus in recent weeks following signs of a bounce in the economy -- with Shanghai's composite index jumping almost two percent Wednesday. Beijing has rolled out huge tax cuts and other measures this year to ramp up the economy and offset the impact of a trade war that has seen the US impose tariffs on hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of Chinese goods, causing worries for exporters. The government lowered its growth target for the year to 6.0-6.5 percent, while growth in the first quarter stabilised at 6.4 percent after decelerating every quarter last year. "It's quite safe to say that the double dip is confirmed, and growth has yet to truly bottom out," said Lu Ting of Nomura bank, forecasting continued headwinds for China's exports, property markets in smaller cities and sales of passenger cars, mobile phones and construction machinery. However, while growth remains relatively slow, the crucial unemployment rate remains low and fell to 5.0 percent in April from 5.2 percent in March. While policymakers want to prevent the economy from taking a bad hit, analysts say their room to manoeuvre is smaller than in previous tough spots. "With the scale of stimulus likely to remain smaller than in previous downturns, we don't anticipate a strong recovery," said Julian Evans Pritchard of Capital Economics On a brighter note, Betty Wang, an economist at ANZ bank, said in a research note that property investment had picked up over the first four months of the year thanks to "a big jump in developers' funding conditions", with bank loans, down payments and mortgages all growing at a quicker pace. Résumé en français Ce texte parle d’une nouvelle faiblesse de l’économie chinoise qui est la croissance la plus lente depuis 16 ans de commerce de vente au détail. Il faudrait augmenter la demande intérieure en même temps que de mener une guerre commerciale avec les Etats-Unis. En consequence, les autorités tentent de faire passer la chine à une éconmie plus stable grâce aux nombreux consommateurs que sont les chinois. Mais les consommateurs ne le souhaitent pas forcément : baisse des ventes de voiture et vêtements.

De plus, la croissance de la production a fortement baissé dans les usines et ateliers. Même si Pekin a essayé de compenser avec des reductions d’impots et d’autres mesures. Le gouvernement a baissé son objectif de croissance à 6%. Mais même si la croissance reste lente le taux de chômage reste faible. Un économiste à une vision plus positive qui est que l’investissement immobilier a repris dans les 4 premiers mois de l’année grâce aux conditions de financement des développeurs....