Assignment 11 - Chapter 22 & 23 PDF

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4/24/2017

Assignment11Chapter22&23

Assignment11Chapter22&23 Due:11:59pmonTuesday,April25,2017 Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy

Chapter22Question1MultipleChoice

PartA Highflyingbirdsareabletoobtainenoughoxygenevenwhentheairisverythinbecause ANSWER:

theyhavereducedamountsofhemoglobinintheirblood. theyhavemoreefficientlungsthanothervertebrates. theirheartcanincreaseordecreaseinsizeasaltitudechanges. theirmitochondriaaremoreefficientthanthoseofothervertebrates.

Correct

Chapter22Question2MultipleChoice

PartA Thereasonanimalsneedacontinuoussupplyofoxygenisto ANSWER:

obtainenergyfromtheirfood. disposeofcarbondioxide. carryoutglycolysis. makecarbondioxide.

Correct

Chapter22Question5MultipleChoice

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

PartA Duringgasexchange,bodycells ANSWER:

releaseO2toredbloodcells. takeupCO2fromredbloodcells. increaseinsizetoaccommodatethereuptakeofO2. releaseCO2andtakeupO2.

Correct

Chapter22KeyConceptQuizQuestion2 PartA Inearthworms,gasexchangeoccursinthe_____.

Hint1. Considerwhyearthwormsliveinmoistenvironments.

ANSWER:

lungs tracheae gills skin

Correct Theentireouterskinofearthwormsistherespiratorysurface.

Chapter22KeyConceptQuizQuestion3 PartA Respiratorysurfacesareall_____.

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

Hint1. Considerhowgasesmustbedeliveredtoarespiratorysurfaceinordertodiffuseacrossit.

ANSWER:

moist internal external aseriesofair"pipes"

Correct Allrespiratorysurfacesmustbemoistinordertopreventcellsfromdryingandtoprovideamediuminwhichgases candissolve.

Chapter22Question6MultipleChoice

PartA Thebodystructurewheregasexchangeoccursiscalledthe ANSWER:

capillarynetwork. respiratorysurface. integumentarysurface. exchangenetwork.

Correct

Chapter22Question7MultipleChoice

PartA Animalsthateffectivelyusetheirbodysurfaceforgasexchangemust ANSWER: https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=5560873

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

haveaspecialkindofhemoglobin. havealowratioofbodysurfaceareatovolume. beterrestrial. haveahighratioofbodysurfaceareatovolume.

Correct

Chapter22Question8MultipleChoice

PartA Whichofthefollowingorganismshasarespiratorysystemthatdoesnotrequireassistancefromacirculatorysystemfor gasexchange? ANSWER:

crayfish grasshopper mouse carp

Correct

Chapter22KeyConceptQuizQuestion5 PartA Infish,whatistheadvantageofcountercurrentexchangeinthegills?

Hint1. Considerthecontentoftheiraquaticenvironment.

ANSWER:

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

Itremovesahighpercentageofoxygenfromwater. Itincreasestheflowofwateroverthegills. Ithelpskeepfishcooler. Ithelpsretaincarbondioxideintheblood.

Correct Morethan80%ofoxygenisremovedfromthewaterasaresultofcountercurrentexchange.

Chapter22Question10MultipleChoice

PartA Theorganizationofbloodandwaterflowinafish'sgillsincreasesthefish'sabilityto ANSWER:

transportbloodthroughoutthefish'sbody. detecttoxicmaterialsinthewater. extractcarbondioxidefromthewater. extractoxygenfromthewater.

Correct

Chapter22Question12MultipleChoice

PartA Oneadvantageofgasexchangeinwateristhat ANSWER:

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

itiseasytokeeptheexchangesurfacewet. ventilatinggillsinwaterrequiresverylittleenergy. carbondioxideiseasiertoeliminateinwaterthaninair. watercancontainmoreoxygenthanair.

Correct

Chapter22Question14MultipleChoice

PartA Inthecountercurrentexchangesystemoffishgills, ANSWER:

bloodandwaterflowinthesamedirection. bloodandwaterflowinoppositedirections. bloodflowinthegillsreversesdirectionwitheveryheartbeat. bloodandwaterareseparatedbyathickpolysaccharidebarrier.

Correct

Chapter22KeyConceptQuizQuestion8 PartA Inhumans,CO2andO2areexchangedacrosswhichmembranousstructure?

Hint1. Considerthestructurewiththethinnestwallsandcloselyassociatedcapillaries.

ANSWER:

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

thecapillariessurroundingthealveoli theskeletalmuscleofthediaphragm theciliatedcellsofthebronchioles theepithelialcellsofthebronchi

Correct Alveoliaresurroundedbycapillaries,wheregasesareexchanged.

Chapter22Question20MultipleChoice

PartA Whichofthefollowingoptionscorrectlyliststhedirectionofcarbondioxidetravelasitleavesthebody? ANSWER:

alveoli,bronchi,bronchioles,trachea,pharynx,larynx alveoli,bronchioles,bronchi,trachea,pharynx,larynx alveoli,bronchioles,bronchi,trachea,larynx,pharynx alveoli,bronchi,bronchioles,trachea,larynx,pharynx

Correct

Chapter22Question21MultipleChoice

PartA Whichofthefollowingisafunctionofthenasalcavitiesinhumans? ANSWER:

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

secretingenzymesfordigestion secretingexcesscarbondioxideintoexhaledair determiningO2contentininhaledair warminginhaledair

Correct

Chapter22Question22MultipleChoice

PartA Whatnameisgiventothesheetofmusclethathelpsmoveairinandoutofthelungs? ANSWER:

diaphragm trachea alveolus bronchus

Correct

Chapter22Question23MultipleChoice

PartA Withinthelungs,gasexchangeoccursacross ANSWER:

alveoli. bronchi. diaphragms. bronchioles.

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

Correct

Chapter22KeyConceptQuizQuestion10 PartA Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueregardingtobaccosmokeandcigarettesmoking?

Hint1. Reviewthehealtheffectsoftobaccosmokeinbothsmokersandnonsmokersexposedtosecondarycigarette smoke.

ANSWER:

Childrenarenotasseriouslyaffectedbysecondhandsmokeasadults. Smokingandsecondhandsmokeaccountforapproximately4,000deathsperyearintheUnitedStates. Smokingincreasestheriskofcardiovasculardiseaseaswellascancer. Oncesmokinghasdamagedtherespiratorysystem,thedamageisirreversible.

Correct Smokingincreasestheriskofseveraltypesofcanceraswellasheartattacks,strokes,andhighbloodpressure.

Chapter22Question27MultipleChoice

PartA Whydocigarettesmokerscoughmorethannonsmokers? ANSWER:

Cigarettesmokeharmstheciliathatnormallymovedebrisoutofthelungs,andcoughingistheremainingway tocleanthelungs. Cigarettesmokingpartiallyparalyzesthemusclesinthelungs,resultinginanincreasedresidualvolume,and coughingexchangesthis"deadair." Byraisingthepressureinthelungs,coughingforcesmoreoxygenintotheblood. Thetarincigarettesmoketendstomakealveolisticktogether,andcoughingseparatesthem.

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

Correct

Chapter22Question28MultipleChoice

PartA Cigarettesmokingandsecondhandsmokecausecancerduetothe ANSWER:

resistancetheyhaveforproductsofourimmunesystem. immunosuppressiveeffectstheydisplay. effectstheyhaveonourbreathingmechanisms. toxinsinthesmoke.

Correct

Chapter22KeyConceptQuizQuestion11 PartA Thegasexchangemechanismofbirdsismuchmoreefficientthanthatofhumans.Whatisdifferentaboutthis mechanism?

Hint1. Birdshaveanefficientonewayflowofair.

ANSWER:

Airisobtainedduringbothinhalationandexhalation. Airflowsintolungalveoliviathetrachea. Airnevercompletelyleavesthelungs. Thethoracicdiaphragmmovesupasitrelaxes.

Correct Inhalationfillstheairsacs,thenthelungsfillduringexhalation.Thisallowsforbirdstofulfilltheirhighoxygen demand. https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=5560873

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

Chapter22Question30MultipleChoice

PartA Inhalationinhumansisachievedby ANSWER:

contractionofthediaphragmandchestmuscles. contractionofmusclesinthelungs. relaxationofthediaphragmandchestmuscles. contractionofthediaphragm.

Correct

Chapter22Question31MultipleChoice

PartA Whenyouarebreathingnormally,exhalationresultsmainlyfrom ANSWER:

thecontractionofmusclesinthechest. lowpressureinthelungs. therelaxationofthechestmusclesanddiaphragm. thecontractionofthediaphragm.

Correct

Chapter22Question33MultipleChoice

PartA Thefunctionofpassagewaysforgasexchangeinbirdsisto ANSWER: https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=5560873

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

storeairfortimesofphysicalexertion. adjustthetemperatureofair. lightenthebird. permitonewayventilationofthelungs.

Correct

Chapter22Question35MultipleChoice

PartA Whenyouholdyourbreath,whichofthefollowingbloodgaschangesleadsinitiallytotheurgetobreatheagain? ANSWER:

risingoxygenconcentration fallingcarbondioxideconcentration risingcarbondioxideconcentration fallingoxygenconcentration

Correct

Chapter22Question36MultipleChoice

PartA Whatpartofthehumanbraincontainstheprimarybreathingcontrolcenter? ANSWER: medullaoblongata neocortex thalamus cerebellum

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

Correct

Chapter22Question39MultipleChoice

PartA Oxygenmovesfrombloodintotheinterstitialfluidandthentobodycellsbecause ANSWER:

itdescendsdownanosmoticgradient,followingthemovementofwater. itdiffusesfromaregionoflowerpartialpressuretoaregionofhigherpartialpressure. itdiffusesfromaregionofhigherpartialpressuretoaregionoflowerpartialpressure. itdiffusesfromahighertoalowerpH.

Correct

Chapter22Question38MultipleChoice

PartA Inamammal,bloodleavingthelungsgoesto ANSWER:

theliver. thelimbs. thebrain. theheart.

Correct

Chapter22KeyConceptQuizQuestion14 PartA https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=5560873

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

Atypicalredbloodcellcontainsabout270millionhemoglobinmolecules.Ifoneredbloodcellboundthemaximumamoun ofO2asitpassedthroughthelungs,howmanymoleculesofoxygencouldittheoreticallycarrytothetissues?

Hint1. ConsiderhowmanymoleculesofO2amoleculeofhemoglobincanbind.

ANSWER:

4million 1,080million 270million 1million

Correct Eachmoleculeofhemoglobinpossessesfourhemegroups.Theironatomineachhemegroupisabletobindone moleculeofO2.

Chapter22Question40MultipleChoice

PartA Oxygenismostlytransportedthroughthebodyinwhichofthefollowingways? ANSWER:

boundtodissolvediron dissolvedinredbloodcells boundtohemoglobin dissolvedintheblood

Correct

Chapter22KeyConceptQuizQuestion15 PartA Fetalhemoglobinbinds_____.

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

Hint1. Fetuseshaveaspecialtypeofhemoglobin,andtheiroxygenisobtainedthroughtheplacenta.

ANSWER:

O2withahigheraffinitythanadulthemoglobin O2withaloweraffinitythanadulthemoglobin O2fromtheairinfetallungs CO2insteadofO2

Correct Thisallowsthefetalhemoglobintoobtainoxygenfromthematernalcirculation.

Chapter22PostLectureQuizQuestion2

PartA Breathingisthe_____.

Hint1. Breathingisthefirstphaseofthegasexchangeprocess.

ANSWER:

exchangeofgasesinthelungs exchangeofgasesbetweenthecirculatorysystemandinterstitialfluid(andthenbodytissues) exchangeofgasesinthemitochondria transportationofgasesbythecirculatorysystem

Correct Inanimalswithlungs,thisisthefirststageofgasexchange.

Chapter22PostLectureQuizQuestion3

PartA https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=5560873

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

Inorderforgasexchangetooccur,arespiratorysurfacemustbe_____.

Hint1. Considertheconditionsthatpromotediffusion.

ANSWER:

thick,dry,andcoveredwithhair thinandmoist moistandglandular expansive

Correct Carbondioxideandoxygenmustbedissolvedinwatertodiffusethroughthethincellsofarespiratorysurface.

Chapter22PostLectureQuizQuestion6

PartA Fishhavegilllamellae,whereashumanshave_____.

Hint1. Considerthefunctionofgills.

ANSWER:

adiaphragm alveoli bronchioles atrachea

Correct Inafish,theactualexchangeofoxygenandcarbondioxideoccursatthegilllamellae.Inhumans,gasexchange occursinthelungalveoli.

Chapter22PostLectureQuizQuestion10 https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=5560873

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

PartA Countercurrentexchange,whichoccursinthegillsoffish,_____.

Hint1. Gasexchangeoccursacrossgills.

ANSWER:

interfereswiththeefficientabsorptionofoxygen meansthatbloodandwaterflowinthesamedirection maintainsaconcentrationgradientthatenhancesdiffusionofO2 speedsuptheflowofwaterthroughthegills

Correct Thisarrangementpermitsgasexchangealongtheentirelengthofthegillsurface.

Chapter22PostLectureQuizQuestion13

PartA Aseriesofairtubesthatbranchthroughoutthebodydescribeswhichgasexchangesystem?

Hint1. Itisthetypeofgasexchangesystemfoundininsects.

ANSWER:

chitin tracheae skin lungs

Correct Atrachealsystemhasitsrespiratorysurfacesatthetipsoftinybranchingtubesinsidethebody.

https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=5560873

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

Chapter22PostLectureQuizQuestion18

PartA Theprimaryfunctionalunitforgasexchangeinthehumanlungisa(n)_____.

Hint1. Considerwhichofthesehasthethinnestwall.

ANSWER: trachea alveolus bronchiole capillary

Correct Oxygenandcarbondioxideexchangeoccursacrosstheepitheliumofthealveolibydiffusion.

Chapter22PostLectureQuizQuestion24

PartA Emphysemais_____.

Hint1. Itmakesbreathingpainfullydifficult.

ANSWER:

theresultofthedestructionofalveoli atypeofcancer atypeofheartdiseasethatinvolvesenlargementoftheheart thecoughingthatresultsfromtheaccumulationofmucusintheairwaystothelungs

https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=5560873

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

Correct Thefeweralveoli,themoredifficultitistobreathe.

Chapter22PostLectureQuizQuestion26

PartA Abouthowmanyyearsafterquittingsmokingdoesittakefortheriskofheartdiseaseanddeathtoreturntolevelssimilar tothoseseeninpeoplewhoneversmoked?

Hint1. Ironically,manypeoplebeginsmokingatapproximatelythisage.

ANSWER:

10 15 5 20

Correct About15yearsafterquitting,theriskofheartdiseaseanddeathdropstolevelssimilartothoseseeninnonsmokers, unless,ofcourse,thesmokingkillsyou(orsomeonewhohasbeenexposedtoyoursmoke)beforethiscanoccur.

Chapter23PostLectureQuizQuestion2

PartA Theopencirculatorysystem_____.

Hint1. Contrastanopencirculatorysystemwithaclosedcirculatorysystem.

ANSWER:

https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=5560873

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Assignment11Chapter22&23

restrictsthebackflowofbloodbyvalvesinthetrachea allowsinterstitialfluidtomixfreelywithvascularfluid islesscommoningrasshoppersandotherinsectsthaninmiceandsnakes doesnotrelyonmusclecontraction

Correct Inanimalswithopencirculatorysys...