Assignment #2 - BIOL 2401 - Spring 2022 PDF

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Summary

A practice assignment that helps with memorization for your lab class for anatomy...

Description

Name: _____________________________________________ Section: ___________ Date: _____________________

BIOL 2401 Lab Assignment #2 Anatomical Terms 1. Several incomplete statements appear below. Correctly complete each statement by choosing the appropriate only y once. anatomical term from the choices. Use each term onl anterior

inferior

posterior

superior

di distal stal

lateral

proximal

transverse

frontal

medial

sagittal

1. The thoracic cavity is

to the abdominopelvic cavity.

2. The trachea (windpipe) is

to the vertebral column.

3. The wrist is

to the hand.

4. If an incision cuts the heart into left and right parts, a

plane section was used.

5. The nose is

to the cheekbones.

6. The thumb is

to the ring finger.

7. The vertebral cavity is

to the cranial cavity.

8. The knee is

to the thigh.

9. The plane that separates the head from the neck is the

plane.

10. The popliteal region is

to the patellar region.

11. The plane that separates the anterior body surface from the posterior body surface is the

plane.

2. Correctly identify each of the body planes by writing the appropriate term on the answer line below the drawing.

(a)

(b)

Body Cavities 3. Name the muscle that subdivides the ventral body cavity. 4. Which body cavity provides the least protection to its internal structures? 5. For the body cavities listed, name one organ located in each cavity.

1. cranial cavity 2. vertebral cavity 3. thoracic cavity 4. abdominal cavity

(c)

5. pelvic cavity 6. mediastinum 6. Name the abdominopelvic region where each of the listed organs is located.

1. spleen 2. urinary bladder 3. stomach (largest portion) 4. cecum 7. Explain how serous membranes protect organs from infection. 8. Which serous membrane(s) is/are found in the thoracic cavity? 9. Which serous membrane(s) is/are found in the abdominopelvic cavity? 10. Using the key choices, identify the small body cavities described below. Key:

a.

middle ear cavity

c.

oral cavity

b.

nasal cavity

d.

orbital ca cavity vity

e.

synovial cavi cavity ty

1. holds the eyes in an anterior-facing position.

_______

4. contains the tongue

2. houses three tiny bones involved in hearing

_______

5. surrounds a joint

3. contained within the nose

Classification of Tissues Tissue Structure and Function—General Review 11. List the following in order from least complex to most complex: organ, cell, tissue, and organ system. 12. Define histology. 13. Use the key choices to identify the major tissue types described below. Key : a. connective tissue

b. epithelium

c. muscle

d. nervous tissue

__________________

1. lines body cavities and covers the body’s external surface

__________________

2. pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing a bat

__________________

3. forms endocrine and exocrine glands

__________________

4. anchors, packages, and supports body organs

__________________

5. classified based on the shape and arrangement of the cells

__________________

6. derived from mesenchyme

__________________

7. major function is to contract

__________________

8. transmits electrical signals

__________________

9. consists of cells within an extracellular matrix

__________________

10. most widespread tissue in the body

__________________

11. forms nerves and the brain

Epithelial Tissue 14. Describe five general characteristics of epithelial tissue.

15. For each function listed, name one type of epithelium and an organ that provides for that function. Function 1: Protection - ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Function 2: Diffusion - ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Function 3: Secretion - ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Function 4: Filtration - ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Function 5: Absorption - ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 16. What structural feature do epithelia that provide for protection have in common?

17. Describe the following cell-surface modifications using the table below. Fill in the blank parts of the table. Cell Cell--surface modification

Type(s) of epithelia with the

Function (include a specif specific ic organ)

modificat modification ion

Cilia

sweeps mucus and debris up and out of the trachea

Goblet cells

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Microvilli

Increase surface area for greater absorption in areas such as the digestive tract.

18. Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium with special characteristics. How does it differ structurally from other stratified squamous epithelia? How does the structural difference support its function?

19. How do the endocrine and exocrine glands differ in structure and function?

Connective Tissue 20. What are three general characteristics of connective tissues?

21. What functions are performed by connective tissue?

__________________

5.composes basement membranes; a soft packaging tissue with a jellylike matrix

______________________

6.forms the larynx, the costal cartilages of the ribs and the embryonic skeleton

______________________

7.provides a flexible framework for the external ear

______________________

8.provides levers for muscles to act on

______________________

9.forms the walls of large arteries

12. How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in its structure? 13. Using the key, choose the best response to identify the connective tissues described below. 1. attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones 2. insulates against heat loss 3. forms the fibrous joint capsule 4. makes up the intervertebral discs

Nervous Tissue 14. What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons? 15. In what ways are neurons similar to other cells? How are they structurally different? 16. Describe how the unique structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body.

Muscle Tissue 17. The terms and phrases in the key relate to the muscle tissues. For each of the three muscle tissues, select the terms or phrases that characterize it, and write the corresponding letter of each term on the answer line. Key:

a. striated

e. voluntary

i. attached to bones

b. branching cells c. spindle-shaped cells

f. involuntary g. one nucleus

j. intercalated discs k. in wall of bladder and

d. cylindrical cells

h. many nuclei

l. forms heart walls

Skeletal muscle: ______________________________________________ Cardiac muscle : ______________________________________________ Smooth muscle: ______________________________________________...