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Name:MGMT2010 Leadership in ManagementWe, human beings, always have to make the choice between ethical and non-ethical in the face of adversity. Controversy occurs when the moral status of one person varies from that of another, when the wrong of another is termed right and beneficial to another. In...

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Name: MGMT2010 Leadership in Management

We, human beings, always have to make the choice between ethical and non-ethical in the face of adversity. Controversy occurs when the moral status of one person varies from that of another, when the wrong of another is termed right and beneficial to another. In the case of Mahatma Gandhi, he is neither ethical or unethical but a leader with a dream and enough courage to make that dream a reality. A leader has the ability to create achievements, changes individuals, or turn history. In the internal and external world of the leader, the characteristics of the people, activities that are occurring, & the Characteristic attributes of the leader, what motivates a leader to do either of these, or all of them, may be studied. The leader capable of doing this often has distinct characteristics from others. To accomplish what Gandhi has accomplished as an successful leader who led India to independence, a leader should have cognitive and emotional intelligence.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is the true name of Mahatma Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi stands out as bright stars in an otherwise dark sky in the bloodiest century in the history of mankind. The 20th century saw the rise (and Fall) of Hitler, Stalin, Idi Amin, Pol Pot, Saddam Hussain, to name a handful of aristocrats and dictatorial rulers. There were almost 80 million deaths during the two World Wars. In the midst of all this violence, a man emerges who promotes non-violence and Satyagraha in British India. He worked for the betterment of his country and struggled entire his life. His ethics are exemplary to modern society where crisis, skirmishes and violence within society is often seen.

Two cardinal pillars are built on Gandhian ethics, i.e. Truth & Lawlessness. The categorical imperative he implemented in his life was this. In attaining freedom, these ideals have been instrumental. Gandhian ethics can thus easily be said to be not only desirable, but also actually feasible. Those principles demonstrated the true strength of the character of an individual. He explained how spirituality can be used to improve the character of individuals. All human beings are children of one God, and even the so-called differences between us as human beings are hollow. Each person is an end and not a means to himself. We should all have respect and affection for other beings. If a person is honest and truthful in fulfilling his / her duty, then the rights of no one will be violated. The principle of trusteeship was also involved in ethics and we should have an art of sharing and helping.

Gandhi believed in compassion, service to mankind at par to god, uplifting of Dalits etc. He had never lost his patience while fighting for the sake of the nation. He led masses together non-violently such practice required even today. In Africa, where he was practicing to as a lawyer, he saw the injustices the coloured people faced compared to the whites in terms of treatment and benefits. After coming across such injustice, he revolted and when he found out the situation in his home country India were not much better he went back and started to preach his practice of satyagraha, this was during the same time when great inhuman activities were being carried out against the Indian people., It is pertinent to note here that whether it was the American Independence or various other revolutions in the World that revolutionised the struggle for freedom, people were classed to violence as a response, and it must be acknowledged that Mahatma Gandhi revolutionised the struggle, through his principle of Ahimsa which meant total evasion of violence. He introduced the idea of non-violence, that may have been present, but was never used for liberation, and promoted change through his Ahimsa concept. Here is a leader who understood violence was not the response to any solution. Gandhi was able to see through this latent potential & you can even argue that he anticipated this as the idea which would ultimately lead to global peace for this reason one might come to believe that Mahatma Gandhi was indeed a leader of great change. As an important feature of the revolution leader, he had the charisma that persuaded vast numbers of people across the country to follow the line of Ahimsa and stick with it. It caused the nation to rise above religion, caste level and geographical areas in the country of India to unite & rise up against the British Empire. Due to the supports from all over the country, Gandhi was able to undertake numerous movements against the abuses of the British Empire at different time frames & finally under his leadership the country was finally able to gain independence on 15th of August, 1947. He was bestowed with the honour to become the father of the nation and was loved and respected by all the citizens of India. Therefore, in terms of their laws, his influence and his self-practiced values are still regarded as a references for the current laws. The current policies of today are still being implemented based on the kind of policies that Gandhi would pursue if he were alive today. The ethics of Gandhi aim for sustainable growth, gramme swaraj, and the wellbeing of humanity as a whole. Gandhi is regarded as one of India's greatest moral thinkers. In Gandhian ethics, the main principles are:

1. Ends and Means: Gandhi always emphasised on pure means and ends. In order to accomplish proper ends, improper means cannot be implemented. You cannot take the wrong path to the right location.

2. Satyagraha: It is the continuous realisation for truth. It mainly includes self-sacrifice, peace and non-violence. Someone who has a strong will and determination can follow satyagraha 3. Trusteeship: The wealthy people must serve as stewards who look after people's well-being. 4. Concept of seven sins: In a society that should be rectified, wealth without labour, enjoyment without conscience, intelligence without character, commerce without morality, science without civilization, religion without sacrifice, politics without principle are seven sins. 5. Sarvodaya: It means Universal Upliftment of all. Many horrors of society can be eliminated by inclusiveness. 6. Dignity of Labour: By making bread labour obligatory for all, Gandhi tried to create equality for everyone.

Role and relevance of Gandhian ethics in conflict resolution:

1. The Gandhian dispute resolution approach is through satyagraha, which has been translated as passive opposition, peaceful resistance, etc. According to Gandhi, Satyagraha stays true to the facts. 2. A satyagrahi has a degree of independence that others can not afford because he is a genuinely fearless person. He would never consent to be the slave of another when gets rids of his fears. He would never resort to any arbitrary intervention, having achieved this state of mind. 3. The Idea of Satyagraha is more than a tool that is just used to resolve a dispute, but is also easily used for scientific research. In reality it is indeed an ethical system that highlights the quality of the bonds that exists between individuals. 4. The sense of shared satisfaction with the result must be emphasised in order to resolve disputes, according to Gandhian ethic. 5. The most significant approach of the dispute resolution process is peaceful intervention. The nonviolent action approach carries out agitation, opposition and interference without physical violence by means of : a. Acts of Omission: Individuals refuse to carry out actions that are typically carried out, are supposed to be carried out by customs or are subject to legislation or regulation.

b. Acts of Commission: That is to say, the participants perform acts which they generally do not perform, which are not traditional to perform or which are prohibited under the law or regulation. c. A blend of both..

The contemporary world is full of multidisciplinary & multidimensional disputes involving the use of violent instruments that are physical and psychological. The Gandhian approach addresses the issue of conflict at the individual level. In modern complex resolution, Gandhi 's approach is still very significant and there is a need to revive and resurrect the ideology at the level of the institutions that function for conflict resolution.

Mahatma Gandhi preferred to appeal to the conscience of the wrong doer by bringing the pain upon himself, when the world was busy expunging or abolishing dissent. At a time when the order of the day was an eye for an eye, he kept to the road of non-violence. He promoted and practised honesty in an era when deception was normal and seen as an important tool in your armoury. And in doing so he motivated the impoverished millions of a vast nation into action, who had nothing but sacrifice to offer.

Though, there are some controversies also and it is not about his leadership or behaviour or his impact, rather it is about the Indo-Pak division that was mutely affirmed by Mahatma Gandhi. As the nation understands today, the partition could be prevented if Mahatma Gandhi could work upon it proactively. Further, the lack of due importance to other leaders who followed otherwise, such as Subhash Chandra Bose. On this aspect, Mahatma Gandhi can be assessed in a way that if alternative means could bring independence before 1947. So, some issues remain to be there with Mahatma Gandhi. But, it does not affect the legacy, leadership, sacrifice and role played by Mahatma Gandhi in the fight for independence of India.

In my view, Gandhi is one of the most remarkable characters to ever exist and one that deserves to be celebrated. His belief system, commitment to justice for the poor and his willingness to suffer for his course are among the greatest attributes I find admirable in Gandhi. His choice to advocate for what he believed in against a cruel and merciless tyrant using peaceful means can be termed as both ethical and heroic. Throughout his life, Gandhi is recorded to have never engaged in violence but

often retaliated with peaceful demonstrations. He also advocated for fair and humane treatment of all individuals regardless of their economic and religious background. The practice by Politicians and nationalists to use the poor, women and children to advocate their agendas is unethical. In his quest to seek social justice, Gandhi was reliant on the poor communities in India who he mobilized to engage in the demonstrations. The move exposed them to more political violence and injustices from the colonialists. It also distracted them from earning their wages leading to poorer living conditions. While am true believer of social justice, I believe that political activists should not use the poor and disadvantages in the society to spread and achieve their political agendas. Also, I believe that it was stupid, arrogant and unethical of Gandhi to risk his life in pursuance of his course. His 21-day fast at the age of 74 despite warnings from the doctors of his impending death if he kept fasting makes me question his motives. Was Gandhi a true leader with the people in mind or was he a self-righteous martyr? Were his actions driven by a desire for national peace and recognition or was fasting a means to gain fame and popularity? While his harvest was worthy, I neither support nor regard his practice of inflicting self-harm as either ethical or admirable. In my view, there are better and more acceptable ways or remaining relevant and bringing transformation while respecting your own life. As Dr Roopleen (1907) puts it, "The world's greatest achievers have been those who stayed focused to their goals and have been consistent in their efforts". Though I do not agree with all of Gandhi's decisions, I admire his commitment to his course and believe that he deserves to be remembered and celebrated.

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