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Criminal Law Bar Examination Q & A (1994-2006)

ANSWERS TO BAR EXAMINATION QUESTIONS IN

CRIMINAL LAW ARRANGED BY TOPIC

(1994 – 2006) Version 1973 – 2003 Edited and Arranged by: Janette Laggui-Icao and Alex Andrew P. Icao (Silliman University College of Law)

Updated by:

Dondee ReTake BarOps 2007

From the ANSWERS TO BAR EXAMINATION QUESTIONS IN CRIMINAL LAW by the UP LAW COMPLEX and PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF LAW SCHOOLS

July 3, 2007

Version 1994-2006 Updated by Dondee

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FORWARD This work is not intended for sale or commerce. This work is freeware. It may be freely copied and distributed. It is primarily intended for all those who desire to have a deeper understanding of the issues touched by the Philippine Bar Examinations and its trend. It is specially intended for law students from the provinces who, very often, are recipients of deliberately distorted notes from other unscrupulous law schools and students. Share to others this work and you will be richly rewarded by God in heaven. It is also very good karma. We would like to seek the indulgence of the reader for some Bar Questions which are improperly classified under a topic and for some topics which are improperly or ignorantly phrased, for the authors are just Bar Reviewees who have prepared this work while reviewing for the Bar Exams under time constraints and within their limited knowledge of the law. We would like to seek the reader’s indulgence for a lot of typographical errors in this work.

The Authors July 26, 2005 Updated by;

July 3, 2007

Version 1994-2006 Updated by Dondee

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Table of Contents GENERAL PRINCIPLES............................................................................................................... 10 General Principles; Schools of thought in Criminal Law (1996) ............................................................................................10 General Principles; Territoriality (1994) .............................................................................................................................10 General Principles; Territoriality; Jurisdiction over Vessel (2000) .........................................................................................10 Use of Aliases; When Allowed (2006) ...............................................................................................................................10

FELONIES........................................................................................................................................ 10 Conspiracy (1997) ..........................................................................................................................................................10 Conspiracy; Avoidance of Greater Evil (2004)....................................................................................................................11 Conspiracy; Co-Conspirator (1998) ..................................................................................................................................11 Conspiracy; Common Felonious Purpose (1994) ...............................................................................................................11 Conspiracy; Complex Crime with Rape (1996)...................................................................................................................11 Conspiracy; Flight to Evade Apprehension (2003) ..............................................................................................................12 Conspiracy; Flight to Evade Apprehension (2003) ..............................................................................................................12 Conspiracy; Implied Conspiracy (1998) .............................................................................................................................13 Conspiracy; Implied Conspiracy; Effects (2003) .................................................................................................................13 Criminal Liability: Destructive Arson (2000) .......................................................................................................................13 Criminal Liability: Felonious Act of Scaring (1996) ..............................................................................................................13 Criminal Liability: Felonious Act; Proximate Cause (1996)...................................................................................................13 Criminal Liability: Impossible Crimes (2000) ......................................................................................................................14 Criminal Liability; Felonious Act of Scaring (2001) ..............................................................................................................14 Criminal Liability; Felonious Act of Scaring (2005) ..............................................................................................................14 Criminal Liability; Felonious Act; Immediate Cause (2003) ..................................................................................................14 Criminal Liability; Felonious Act; Proximate Cause (1994)...................................................................................................15 Criminal Liability; Felonious Act; Proximate Cause (1997)...................................................................................................15 Criminal Liability; Felonious Act; Proximate Cause (1999)...................................................................................................15 Criminal Liability; Felonious Act; Proximate Cause (2001)...................................................................................................15 Criminal Liability; Felonious Act; Proximate Cause (2004)...................................................................................................16 Criminal Liability; Impossible Crime (2004) ........................................................................................................................16 Criminal Liability; Impossible Crimes (1994) ......................................................................................................................16 Criminal Liability; Impossible Crimes; Kidnapping (2000) ....................................................................................................17 Mala in Se vs. Mala Prohibita (1997) ................................................................................................................................17 Mala in Se vs. Mala Prohibita (1999) ................................................................................................................................17 Mala in Se vs. Mala Prohibita (2001) ................................................................................................................................17 Mala in Se vs. Mala Prohibita (2003) ................................................................................................................................17 Mala Prohibita; Actual Injury Required (2000) ....................................................................................................................18 Malum in Se vs. Malum Prohibitum (2005) ........................................................................................................................18 Motive vs. Intent (1996) ...................................................................................................................................................18 Motive vs. Intent (1999) ...................................................................................................................................................18 Motive vs. Intent (2004) ...................................................................................................................................................19 Motive; Proof thereof; Not Essential; Conviction (2006) ......................................................................................................19

JUSTIFYING & EXEMPTING CIRCUMSTANCES ................................................................... 19 Exempting Circumstances; Coverage (2000) .....................................................................................................................19 Exempting Circumstances; Minority (1998)........................................................................................................................19 Exempting; Minority; 11 yrs Old; Absence of Discernment (2000) ........................................................................................19 Justifying vs. Exempting Circumstances (2004) .................................................................................................................20 Justifying; Defense of Honor; Requisites (2002).................................................................................................................20 Justifying; Defense of Stranger (2002) ..............................................................................................................................20 Justifying; Fulfillment of Duty; Requisites (2000) ................................................................................................................20 Justifying; SD; Defense of Honor; Requisites (1998) ..........................................................................................................21 Justifying; Defense of Honor; Elements (2000) ..................................................................................................................21 Justifying; SD; Defense of Property; Requisites (1996) .......................................................................................................21 Justifying; SD; Defense of Property; Requisites (2003) .......................................................................................................21 Version 1994-2006 Updated by Dondee

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Qualifying; Elements of a Crime (2003) .............................................................................................................................22

MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES................................................................................................ 22 Mitigating; Non-Intoxication (2000) ...................................................................................................................................22 Mitigating; Plea of Guilty (1999)........................................................................................................................................22 Mitigating; Plea of Guilty; Requisites (1999).......................................................................................................................22 Mitigating; Plea of Guilty; Voluntary Surrender (1997).........................................................................................................22 Mitigating; Voluntary Surrender (1996)..............................................................................................................................23 Mitigating; Voluntary Surrender; Elements (1999) ..............................................................................................................23

AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES ......................................................................................... 23 Aggravating Circumstances (1996)...................................................................................................................................23 Aggravating Circumstances; Generis vs. Qualifying (1999) .................................................................................................24 Aggravating Circumstances; Kinds & Penalties (1999)........................................................................................................24 Aggravating; Cruelty; Relationship (1994) .........................................................................................................................24 Aggravating; Must be alleged in the information (2000).......................................................................................................24 Aggravating; Nighttime; Band (1994) ................................................................................................................................24 Aggravating; Recidivism (2001)........................................................................................................................................24 Aggravating; Recidivism vs. Quasi-Recidivism (1998) ........................................................................................................25 Aggravating; Treachery & Unlawful Entry (1997)................................................................................................................25

ALTERNATIVE CIRCUMSTANCES ........................................................................................... 25 Alternative Circumstances; Intoxication (2002)...................................................................................................................25

PERSONS CRIMINALLY LIABLE FOR FELONIES................................................................ 25 Anti-Fencing Law; Fencing (1996) ....................................................................................................................................25 Anti-Fencing Law; Fencing vs. Theft or Robbery (1995)......................................................................................................26 Anti-Fencing Law; Fencing; Elements (1995).....................................................................................................................26 Criminal Liability; Accessories & Fence (1998)...................................................................................................................26 Criminal Liability; Non-Exemption as Accessory (2004) ......................................................................................................26 Criminal Liability; Principal by Direct Participation; Co-Principal by Indispensable Cooperation (2000).....................................27 Criminal Liability; Principal by Inducement (2002) ..............................................................................................................27 Criminal Liability; Principal; Inducement & Participation (1994) ............................................................................................27 Destructive Arson (1994) .................................................................................................................................................27

PENALTIES ..................................................................................................................................... 27 Complex Crime vs. Compound Crime (2004).....................................................................................................................27 Complex Crime vs. Special Complex Crime vs. Delito Continuado (2005) ............................................................................28 Complex Crime; Aberratio ictus vs. error in personae (1994)...............................................................................................28 Complex Crime; Aberratio Ictus, Error In Personae & Praeter Intentionem (1999) .................................................................28 Complex Crime; Aberratio Ictus; Attempted Murder with Homicide (2000) ............................................................................28 Complex Crime; Doctrine of Aberratio Ictus; Not Applicable (1996) ......................................................................................29 Complex Crimes; Coup d’etat & rebellion & sedition (2003).................................................................................................29 Complex Crimes; Determination of the Crime (1999)..........................................................................................................29 Complex Crimes; Nature & Penalty Involved (1999) ...........................................................................................................30 Complex Crimes; Ordinary Complex Crime vs. Special Complex Crime (2003) .....................................................................30 Continuing Offense vs. Delito Continuado (1994) ...............................................................................................................30 Death Penalty (2004) ......................................................................................................................................................30 Death Penalty; Qualified Rape; Requisites (2004)..............................................................................................................31 Habitual Delinquency & Recidivism (2001) ........................................................................................................................31 Indeterminate Sentence Law (1994) .................................................................................................................................31 Indeterminate Sentence Law (1999) .................................................................................................................................32 Indeterminate Sentence Law (1999) .................................................................................................................................32 Indeterminate Sentence Law (2002) .................................................................................................................................32 Indeterminate Sentence Law (2005) .................................................................................................................................32 Indeterminate Sentence Law; Exceptions (1999) ...............................................................................................................32 Indeterminate Sentence Law; Exceptions (2003) ...............................................................................................................33 Version 1994-2006 Updated by Dondee

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Penalties: Fine or Imprisonment vs. Subsidiary Imprisonment (2005) ...................................................................................33 Penalties: Pecuniary Penalties vs. Pecuniary Liabilities (2005) ............................................................................................33 Penalties; Complex Crime of Estafa (1997) .......................................................................................................................33 Penalties; Factors to Consider (1991) ...............................................................................................................................33 Penalties; Homicide w/ Modifying Circumstance (1995) ......................................................................................................34 Penalties; Mitigating Circumstances w/out Aggravating Circumstance (1997) .......................................................................34 Penalties; Parricide w/ Mitigating Circumstance (1997).......................................................................................................34 Penalties; Preventive Imprisonment (1994) .......................................................................................................................34 Penalties; Reclusion Perpetua (RA) No. 7959 (2005) .........................................................................................................35 Penalties; Reclusion Perpetua vs. Life Imprisonment (1994) ...................................................................................