Bariatric Surgery Presentation Notes PDF

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Bariatric Surgery One of the most widespread public health problem today is obesity. In 2014, 61.7% of adults in the UK were suffering from obesity (Health Survey England, 2014). This is a serious medical condition where the build up excess body fat starts to have a negative effect on health. It is most commonly caused by a highly unbalanced diet along with a lack of physical activity, however it can also be due to genetic susceptibility. Obesity is associated with cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea (a sleeping disorder caused by obstructions of the upper airway) and certain types of cancers such as osteoarthritis (Haslam and James, 2005). As a result of this, life expectancy is drastically reduced by 6-7 years. (Haslam and James, 2005). Due to the worldwide increase in life-threatening obesity, weight-loss surgery, also known as bariatric surgery, is becoming more common. A variety of procedures can be performed, however they all achieve weight-loss in similar ways. There are options, other than surgery, to treat and manage obesity. This can be a strict programme between a committed patient and a group of health professionals where diet, physical activity and behavioural patterns are closely monitored. Results on calorie restricted diets alone, regardless of dietary composition, show a reduction in weight by 3-5 kg over 2 years (Shai et al. 2008). The addition of physical activity into the programme facilitates weight-loss as it increases energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate through an increase in muscle mass. However, lifestyle interventions can be hard to maintain and rarely result in long term weight-loss as the majority of patients return to their initial weight within 3-5 years (Wing, 2006). Pharmacotherapy is another method to help with long-term weight-loss but the drugs are limited in number and efficacy. This form of therapy can help to amplify behavioural changes and improve physical functioning in those who find exercise more difficult. Currently there are only 3 medications that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Association, phentermine, sibutramine and orlistat. These drugs suppress appetite and blocks fat digestion and absorption in the gut (Kaplan, 2005). Since there are other options to treat obesity and surgery is at risk of complications and it significantly changes your lifestyle afterwards, doctors recommend it as a last resort.

Haslam, D.W., James, W.P. 2005. Obesity. Lancet Review. Volume 366. Page 1197-1209. Shai, I., Schwarchzfuchs, D., Henkin, Y. 2008. Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet. New England Journal of Medicine. Volume 359. Page 229241. Wing, R.R., Tate, D.F., Gorin, A.A., Raynor, H.A., Fava, J.L. 2006. A self-regulation programme or maintenance of weight-loss. New England Journal of Medicine. Volume 335. Page 1563- 1571. Kaplan, L.M. 2005. Pharmacological therapies for obesity. Gastroenterol Clinic North America. Volume 34. Page 91- 104....