Being and Participation: The Method and Structure of Metaphysical Reflection according to Cornelio Fabro Vol I PDF

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PONTIFICAL ATHENAEUM REGINA APOSTOLORUM FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY Jason A. Mitchell, L.C. BEING AND PARTICIPATION The Method and Structure of Metaphysical Reflection according to Cornelio Fabro Volume I Dissertatio ad Doctoratum in Facultate Philosophiæ Pontificii Athenaei Regina Apostolorum Rome 2012 V...

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Being and Participation: The Method and Structure of Metaphysical Reflection according to Cornelio Fabro Vol I Jason Mitchell

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PONTIFICAL ATHENAEUM REGINA APOSTOLORUM

FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY

Jason A. Mitchell, L.C.

BEING AND PARTICIPATION The Method and Structure of Metaphysical Reflection according to Cornelio Fabro Volume I

Dissertatio ad Doctoratum in Facultate Philosophiæ Pontificii Athenaei Regina Apostolorum

Rome 2012

Vidimus et adprobavimus ad normam statutorum Pontificii Athenæi Regina Apostolorum Prof. P. Jesús Villagrasa, L.C. Prof. P. Alain Contat Prof. P. Rafael Pascual, L.C.

Imprimi potest P. Rafael Pascual, L.C. Decanus Facultatis Philosophiæ P. Benjamin Dueñas, L.C. Secretarius Generalis

Romæ, ex Pontificio Athenæo Regina Apostolorum, die vi mensis septembris anni 2012

Copyright © 2012 by Jason A. Mitchell, L.C. MITCHELL JASON A., L.C. Being and Participation: The Method and Structure of Metaphysical Reflection according to Cornelio Fabro – Tesi dottorato. Filosofia 14 – 2 volumi. Roma : Ateneo Pontificio Regina Apostolorum, 2012. I vol. 432 pp.; II vol. 416 pp.; 17x24 cm. In testa al front.: Ateneo Pontificio Regina Apostolorum. ISBN: 978-88-96990-09-4 Finito di stampare nel mese di dicembre 2012 dalla Tipografia Città Nuova della P.A.M.O.M.- Roma

TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 7 Acknowledgements................................................................................................................ 9 Biographical note ................................................................................................................. 11 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 15 1. The problem of metaphysical method.............................................................................. 19 2. Novelty of the dissertation ............................................................................................... 28 3. Division, sources, method and limits of the dissertation ................................................. 31 Chapter One: Fabro’s Interpretation of the History of Metaphysics ........................... 35 1. Fabro’s historical-critical and critical-speculative methods............................................. 37 2. Fabro’s interpretation of the sources of Aquinas’ thought............................................... 49 2.1 Parmenides’ ................................................................................................... 52 2.2 Platonic being and the dialectic of participation ..................................................... 64 2.2.1 Plato’s notion of participation ...................................................................... 68 2.2.2 Being as Idea in Plato ................................................................................... 73 2.2.3 Non-being and being in the Sophist .............................................................. 76 2.2.4 The problem of the One and the many in the Parmenides ........................... 78 2.3 The emergence of act in Aristotle ........................................................................... 83 2.3.1 Aristotle’s quadripartite division of being .................................................... 86 2.3.2 Aristotle and ........................................................................................ 94 2.3.3 Aristotle’s notion of participation............................................................... 101 2.3.4 Aristotle’s contributions to the Thomistic doctrine of analogy .................. 105 2.4 Esse and participation in Neo-platonism .............................................................. 112 2.5 Esse and participation in Boethius ........................................................................ 125 2.6 Avicenna’s dialectic of possible esse and Necessary esse .................................... 135 3. Being and participation in Aquinas’ metaphysics .......................................................... 141 3.1 The originality of the Thomistic “emergent synthesis” ........................................ 145 3.2 Thomistic esse ...................................................................................................... 155 3.3 The Thomistic notion of participation .................................................................. 164 4. Being and participation in Scholasticism and modern thought ...................................... 173 4.1 Esse and participation in Scholastic thought ........................................................ 173 4.2 Rationalism ........................................................................................................... 177 4.3 Existenz and Sein in Kant ..................................................................................... 178 4.4 Hegel’s Sein and the reduction to fundament ....................................................... 183 4.4.1 Hegelian Sein and Thomistic esse ........................................................... 185 4.4.2 Fabro’s use of the Hegelian term “Diremtion” ....................................... 191 4.4.3 La prima riforma della dialettica hegeliana (1988-2004) ...................... 197 4.5 Heidegger and the forgetting of Sein .................................................................... 207

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5. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 218 5.1 Assessment of Fabro’s interpreation..................................................................... 219 5.2 The problem of metaphysical reflection ............................................................... 223 Chapter Two: The Dialectic of Participation ................................................................ 227 1. Participation and the principle of causality (1931-1936) ............................................... 227 2. Metaphysical reflection in NMP (1937-1939) ............................................................... 250 2.1 Intensive metaphysical abstraction ....................................................................... 253 2.2 Predicamental participation and dialectical ascension .......................................... 263 2.3 Transcendental participation and metaphysical resolutio ..................................... 284 2.4 The methodological priority of the notion of participation................................... 299 2.5 Summary............................................................................................................... 302 3. Method and the real distinction in Neotomismo e Suarezismo (1941) ........................... 305 3.1 Towards an understanding of the real distinction ................................................. 306 3.2 The principles of the real distinction .................................................................... 309 3.3 The proof of the real distinction ........................................................................... 315 4. Emergence and dialectic in Percezione e Pensiero (1942) ............................................ 317 4.1 Introduction of the term “emergence” .................................................................. 318 4.2 The metaphysical problem.................................................................................... 320 4.2.1 Phenomenology and the “position” of reality ......................................... 320 4.2.2 The phenomenology of substance ........................................................... 325 4.3 The relationship between phenomenology and metaphysics ................................ 329 5. Summary ........................................................................................................................ 335 Chapter Three: The Resolution of ens ........................................................................... 341 1. Metaphysical reflection in Introduzione all’esistentialismo (1943) .............................. 341 2. Logic and metaphysics (1946) ....................................................................................... 346 3. Metaphysica (1948-1949) .............................................................................................. 348 3.1 Introduction: resolutio and reductio as metaphysical method .............................. 349 3.2 Book One: The Division of Being ........................................................................ 360 3.3 Book Two: The Constitution and Subsistence of Ens........................................... 372 3.4 Book Three: Causality .......................................................................................... 388 3.5 Method in the Epilogue ........................................................................................ 393 3.6 Summary............................................................................................................... 394 4. Additions to La nozione metafisicia di partecipazione (1950) ...................................... 397 5. Enciclopedia Cattolica (1952) ....................................................................................... 400 5.1 Metafisica ............................................................................................................. 400 5.2 Tommaso d’Aquino ............................................................................................... 404 6. Method in L’Assoluto nell’esistenzialismo (1953) ........................................................ 405 7. The three principles of the Fourth Way (1954).............................................................. 405 8. Dall’essere all’esistente (1957) ..................................................................................... 418 9. “La problematica dello esse tomistico” (1959) .............................................................. 421 10. Summary ...................................................................................................................... 430

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VOLUME II Chapter Four: The Emergence of esse ........................................................................... 437 1. Metaphysical resolution as a process of foundation (PC, 7-66) .................................... 443 2. The emergence of esse (PC, 214-238) ........................................................................... 453 3. Metaphysical reflection and predicamental causality (PC, 330-358) ............................ 466 4. Metaphysical reflection and transcendental causality .................................................... 471 4.1 Predicamental causality and transcendental causality .......................................... 472 4.2 Divine causality and the derivation of created ens ............................................... 485 4.2.1 The multiplicity of divine ideas and exemplars ...................................... 486 4.2.2 The “double participation” of essence and esse ...................................... 487 4.2.3 “Mediated” derivation of the created essence ......................................... 493 5. Metaphysical reflection and analogy (PC, 499-526) ..................................................... 495 5.1 The role of analogy in the metaphysical reductio ad unum .................................. 497 5.2 Analogy of proportionality and analogy of attribution ......................................... 501 5.3 The semantics of metaphysical analogy ............................................................... 510 5.4 The metaphysical foundation of analogy .............................................................. 517 6. Summary ........................................................................................................................ 527 Chapter Five: The Reduction to Fundament ................................................................ 531 1. Metaphysical reflection (1961-1969)............................................................................. 532 1.1 The determination of act in Thomistic metaphysics (1961).................................. 532 1.2 The metaphysical fundament of the Fourth Way (1965) ...................................... 540 1.3 Notes for the metaphysical foundation of being (1966) ....................................... 551 1.4 The transcendentality of ens-esse (1966).............................................................. 560 1.5 The existence of God and the tension of ens-essentia-esse (1967) ....................... 571 1.6 Thomistic esse and the revival of metaphysics ..................................................... 576 1.7 Knowledge of esse (1967) .................................................................................... 586 1.8 Summary............................................................................................................... 589 2. Metaphysical reflection (1970-1979)............................................................................. 593 2.1 The return to fundament (1972-1973) .................................................................. 593 2.2 The Thomistic notion of participation (1967-1974) ............................................. 599 2.3 The new problem of being and the foundation of metaphysics (1974)................. 608 2.4 The interpretation of act in Aquinas and Heidegger (1974) ................................. 621 2.5 La svolta antropologica di Karl Rahner (1974) ................................................... 625 2.6 Summary............................................................................................................... 627 3. Metaphysical reflection (1980-1995)............................................................................. 629 3.1 The emergence of the act of being (1983) ............................................................ 630 3.2 The emergence of esse in Fabro’s Thomistic theses (1983) ................................. 632 3.3 Problematic of Scholastic Thomism (1983) ......................................................... 647 3.4 On the search for the foundation of Metaphysics (1986)...................................... 652 3.5 The emergence of Thomistic esse over Aristotelian act (1989-1990) .................. 655 3.6 Conference on the originality and emergence of esse (1991) ............................... 660 4. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 662

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Chapter Six: The Method of Metaphysical Reflection ................................................. 665 1. The nature of resolutio according to Fabro .................................................................... 666 1.1 Resolutio as metaphysical method ........................................................................ 666 1.2 Resolutio and the judgment of separation ............................................................. 667 1.3 Resolutio and demonstration ................................................................................ 667 1.4 Resolutio and argumentation ................................................................................ 668 1.5 Resolutio and analogy........................................................................................... 669 1.6 Resolutio and participation ................................................................................... 670 1.7 Resolutio and emergence ...................................................................................... 671 1.8 Resolutio and causality ......................................................................................... 671 2. Resolutio as a rational movement from ens to esse ....................................................... 672 3. Types of resolution according to Fabro ......................................................................... 677 4. Evaluation of Fabro’s proposal ...................................................................................... 679 Chapter Seven: The Structure of Metaphysical Reflection .......................................... 691 1. The initial notion of ens ................................................................................................. 694 1.1 Ens as primum cognitum....................................................................................... 694 1.2 Phenomenological reflection on being ................................................................. 705 2. Passage to the methodological notion of being .............................................................. 708 2.1 The problem of multiplicity, change and movement ............................................ 708 2.2 Constitution of the genus subiectum of metaphysics ............................................ 712 3. The methodological notion of being .............................................................................. 715 3.1 The real distinction between essence and esse ..................................................... 716 3.2 Formal, predicamental causality ........................................................................... 725 4. Passage to the intensive notion of being ........................................................................ 725 4.1 Formal resolution of participated perfections ....................................................... 726 4.2 Real reduction of esse participatum to Esse per Essentiam ................................. 732 4.2.1 Principle of the emergence of act ............................................................ 732 4.2.2 Principle of separated perfection............................................................. 738 4.2.3 Principle of participation......................................................................... 746 4.2.3.1 Causal participation and creation ................................................ 748 4.2.3.2 Participative structure of created ens .......................................... 780 5. The intensive notion of esse........................................................................................... 786 5.1 Intensive esse ........................................................................................................ 786 5.2 The transcendental properties of being ................................................................. 791 5.3 Analogy: the semantics of participation ............................................................... 796 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 813 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................... 827

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Works by Cornelio Fabro BIT ET IST NMP NS PC PP TPM

Breve introduzione al Tomismo Esegesi Tomistica Introduzione a San Tommaso La nozione metafisica di partecipazione Neotomismo e Suarezismo Partecipazione e Causalità Percezione e pensiero Tomismo e pensiero moderno

Works by Saint Thomas Aquinas De Potentia De Spiritualibus Creaturis De Veritate In Boethii De Trinitate In De Divinis Nominibus In Boethii De Hebdomadibus In Metaph. In Perih. In Phys. In Post. Anal. In Sent. Quodlibet. I; I-II; II-II; III

Quaestiones disputatae De Potentia Quaestiones disputatae De Spiritualibus Creaturis Quaestiones disputatae De Veritate In librum Boethii De Trinitate expositio In librum Dionysii De Divinis Nominibus expositio In librum Boethii De Hebdomadibus expositio In duodecim libros Metaphys...