BIO 101/103 Transcription & Translation PDF

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Lecture notes on transcription and translation...

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A cell builds proteins it needs - From instructions encoded in its genome - According to the central dogma of molecular biology Overview of Transcription ● The first step in converting genetic information into proteins is transcription - Synthesis of an mRNA version of the instructions stored in DNA ● RNA polymerase performs this synthesis by transcribing only one strand of DNA - Called the template strand ● The other DNA is called the non-template or the coding strand Initiation: How Does Transcription Begin? ● Initiation is the first phase of transcription ● RNA polymerase cannot initiate transcription on its own Sigma - Is a protein subunit - Must first bind to the polymerase Characteristics of RNA Polymerase ● Like the DNA of polymerases - An RNA polymerase performs a template-directed synthesis in the 5’-3’ direction ● Unlike DNA polymerases - RNA polymerases do not require a primer to begin transcription An Introduction to Translation ● In translation - The sequence of bases in the mRNA is converted to an amino acid sequence in a protein ● Ribosomes

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