DNA transcription and translation Worksheet with data PDF

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DNA Replication/Transcription/Translation Lab Worksheet Understanding DNA Replication : Directions: Using model materials to demonstrate DNA replication 1. Present a detailed analysis of DNA replication at one replication fork. Use drawing, descriptions, and/or captions detailing the process. 2. In the analysis include the following: a. Show how the leading and lagging strands are synthesized

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b.

Show the

proteins (enzymes) involved in DNA replication and what their functions are

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Understanding DNA Transcription and Translation Directions: Complete the following questions. Questions 1- 3 can be submitted on the same document as the Understanding DNA Replication assignment. Refer to Figure 1 as it illustrates . the process of DNA transcription, translation, and protein synthesis

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1.

The stages of transcription are initiation, elongation, and termination. Draw a representation of each of these stages. Be sure to include the names of important enzymes and locations.

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2. Once mRNA is created through transcription, it is often processed. Explain how mRNA can be processed. Include the names of important enzymes or structures. mRNA is processed through splicing and adding 5’ cap and a poly-A tail. This process occurs in the nucleus. 3.

Translation is mRNA gets used create a peptide sequence. Draw is going on a ribosome. Be to include the locations of mRNA, tRNA, subunit of the ribosome, and the amino acid sequence forms.

how to what inside sure

each where

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Figure 1. The Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics: DNA Codes for RNA, and RNA Codes for Protein. (Reprinted from Campbell Biology (9th ed) (p. 329), by Reece, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky &

( Jackson, 2011, San Francisco, Calif: Pearson Benjamin Cummings DNA Transcription and Translation Exercises (Converting DNA template Sequences and Identifying types of Mutation Name: Lydia English Section: W945 ID Number: 20806456 Directions: Now that you have gone through the steps on how to convert you will be in charge of converting a DNA template sequence into an amino acid produce. In the figure below the template strand is labeled. The DNA template is what is used to create a representative mRNA strand. You can see its complementary DNA strand as well as the mRNA strand. Take care to note the direction of the strands (3’ends and 5’ ends). Once an mRNA strand is created then the mRNA can be used to code for an amino acid sequence. The table below shows how the mRNA . strand was converted into a peptide Table 1. mRNA Strand Converted into a Peptide '5 T T A G C C A A A C T

T C A T

DNA Template '3 Strand

'3 A A T

A G T

'5

C

'3 A A U C

G G T

T

T

G A

G G U U U G A

A

A G U A

DNA

'5 mRNA

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Stop

Gly

Phe

Lys

Met

Amino Acid

The conversion of the mRNA sequence to amino acid can be done from the genetic code for .( protein synthesis (see Figure 17.5 in the text or Figure 2 below

Figure 2. The standard Genetic Code for Protein Synthesis (Reprinted from Campbell Biology (9th ed) (p. 330), (by Reece, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky & Jackson, 2011, San Francisco, Calif: Pearson Benjamin Cummings

1. Using the example above determine the following peptide strands. '5 T T A A T T

DNA Template T A C A A A C A T '3 Strand

'3 A A T

A T

T

A A

'3 A A U U A A

Stop

Asn

G T

T

T

G T

A '5

DNA

A U G U U U G U A '5 mRNA

Val

Phe

Met

Amino Acid

.1

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DNA Template '5 T T A A A C C A G G T G A C T '3 Strand

'3 A A T

'3

G G T

G A '5

C

C

A C

T

A A U U U G G U C

C

A C

U G A '5 mRNA

Stop

His

T

T

Val

Leu

Ser

DNA

Amino Acid

2. Mutations in DNA can affect the peptide product that is being coded. Below is a wild type gene along with a series of mutations of that same gene. Determine the type of mutation as well as how it affects the final peptide sequence. :Wild type '5 T T A G C C A A A C T T C A T '3

DNA Template Strand

'3 A

A T

DNA

'3 A

A U C

Stop

C

G G T

T

T

G A A G T

G G U U U G A A G

Gly

Effect: G is replaced by A

Phe

Lys

A '5

U A '5

Met

mRNA

Amino Acid

Mutation: base substitution

'5 T T A A C C A A A C T T C A T '3 DNA Template Strand

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'3 A A

T

'3 A A

U U

Stop

T

G G T

T

T

G A A G T

A '5

DNA

G G U U U G A A G U A '5 mRNA

Gly

Phe

Effect: C is replaced by T

Lys

Met

Amino Acid

Mutation: base substitution

'5 T T A G C T A A A C T T C A T '3 DNA Template Strand

'3 A A T

'3 A A Stop

C

U C

G A T

T

T

G A A G T

A '5

DNA

G U U U U G A A G U A '5 mRNA

Cys

Phe

Lys

Effect: Two Gs are deleted

Met

Amino Acid

Mutation: Insertion

'5 T T A G C C A A C T T C A T '3

DNA Template Strand

'3 A A T

DNA

C

'3 A A U C Stop

Ala

Effect: G is replaced by A

G G T

T

G A A G T

A '5

G G U U G A A G U A '5 Leu

Lys

Met

mRNA Amino Acid

Mutation: base substitution

'5 T T A G C C A A A C T A C A T '3

DNA Template Strand

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'3 A A T

C

'3 A A U C Stop

Gly

G G T

T T

G A T

G T

A '5

G G U U U G A U G U A '5 Phe

Stop

Met

DNA

mRNA Amino Acid

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Effect: G is replaced by A '5 T

DNA Template T A G C C A A A C T T A C A T '3 Strand

'3 A A T

'3 A

Mutation: base substitution

C G G T T

T G A A T

G T

A '5

DNA

A U C

G G U U U G A A U G U A '5 mRNA

Leu

Trp

Val

Stop

Met

Amino Acid

3. What mutations would have the greatest effect on peptide sequence? Which would have the least effect? Why? The greatest effect comes from deletions because it can completely change and ruin the product. . The smallest effect comes from insertions which don’t render the product nonfunctional

References Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Watson, J.D. (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). New York, NY: Garland Science Reece, J.B., Urry, L.A., Cain, M.J., Wasserman, S.A., Minorsky, P.V., and Jackson, R.B. (2011). . Campbell Biology (9th ed). San Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings Virtual Medical Centre. (2015). DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid). Retrieved from http://www.myvmc.com/medical-centres/heart/dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid/

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