DNA Replication/Transcription/Translation Lab Worksheet Professor Miller PDF

Preview

Summary

Worksheet that goes along with the DNA replication lab for Professor Millers class. Drawings included...

Description

DNA Replication/Transcription/Translation Lab Worksheet Understanding DNA Replication Directions: Using model materials to demonstrate DNA replication: (Drawn at the bottom of the page) 1. On a separate Word document, present a detailed analysis of DNA replication at one replication fork. Use drawing, descriptions, and/or captions detailing the process. 2. In the analysis include the following: a. Show how the leading and lagging strands are synthesized b. Show the proteins (enzymes) involved in DNA replication and what their functions are Understanding DNA Transcription and Translation Directions: Complete the following questions. Questions 1- 3 can be submitted on the same document as the Understanding DNA Replication assignment. Refer to Figure 1 as it illustrates the process of DNA transcription, translation, and protein synthesis. 1. The stages of transcription are initiation, elongation, and termination. Draw a representation of each of these stages in a separate Word document. Be sure to include the names of important enzymes and locations.

2. Once mRNA is created through transcription, it is often processed. Explain how mRNA can be processed. Include the names of important enzymes or structures. During transcription, the DNA of a gene serves as a template for complementary basepairing, and an enzyme called RNA polymerase II catalyzes the formation of a pre-mRNA molecule, which is then processed to form mature mRNA. 3. Translation is how mRNA gets used to create a peptide sequence. Draw what is going on inside a ribosome. Be sure to include the locations of mRNA, tRNA, each subunit of the ribosome, and where the amino acid sequence forms.

© 2016. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Figure 1. The Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics: DNA Codes for RNA, and RNA Codes for Protein. (Reprinted from Campbell Biology (9th ed) (p. 329), by Reece, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky &

Jackson, 2011, San Francisco, Calif: Pearson Benjamin Cummings) DNA Transcription and Translation Exercises (Converting DNA template Sequences and Identifying types of Mutation Name: Section: ID Number: Directions: Now that you have gone through the steps on how to convert you will be in charge of converting a DNA template sequence into an amino acid produce. In the figure below the template strand is labeled. The DNA template is what is used to create a representative mRNA strand. You can see its complementary DNA strand as well as the mRNA strand. Take care to note the direction of the strands (3’ends and 5’ ends). Once an mRNA strand is created then the mRNA can be used to code for an amino acid sequence. The table below shows how the mRNA strand was converted into a peptide. Table 1. mRNA Strand Converted into a Peptide DNA Template Strand

3'

T A C T

T C A A A C C G A T T 5'

DNA

5'

A T

A G T

mRNA

5'

A U G A

Amino Acid

Met

G A

T

T

G G C

A G U U U G G C

Lys

Phe

Gly

© 2016. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

T

A A 3'

U A A 3'

-

The conversion of the mRNA sequence to amino acid can be done from the genetic code for protein synthesis (see Figure 17.5 in the text or Figure 2 below).

Figure 2. The standard Genetic Code for Protein Synthesis (Reprinted from Campbell Biology (9th ed) (p. 330), by Reece, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky & Jackson, 2011, San Francisco, Calif: Pearson Benjamin Cummings)

1. Using the example above determine the following peptide strands. DNA Template Strand

3' T

A

C A A A C A T

T T

5 A A T T '

DNA

5'

T

G T T T G T A

A A

T T A A 3'

mRNA

5' U

U

A A U U 3'

A

Amino Acid

A C A A A C A U

Tyr

Lys

His

U

Leu

Ile

DNA Template Strand

3'

T

5 C A G T G G A C C A A A T T '

DNA

5'

A

G T C A C C T G G T T T A A 3'

mRNA

5'

U

C A G U G G A C C A A A U U 3'

© 2016. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Amino Acid

Ser

Val

Asp

Gin

Ile

2. Mutations in DNA can affect the peptide product that is being coded. Below is a wild type gene along with a series of mutations of that same gene. Determine the type of mutation as well as how it affects the final peptide sequence. Wild type: DNA Template Strand

3'

T

5 A C T T C A A A C C G A T T '

DNA

5'

A

T G A A G T T T G G C T

mRNA

5'

U

A C U U C A A A C C G A U U 3'

Amino Acid

Tyr

Mutation: Substitution

Phe

Lys

Pro

A A 3'

Ile

Effect: alter/change function

DNA Template Strand

3'

T

A C T T C A A A C C A A

5 T T '

DNA

5'

A

T G A A G T T T G G T T

A A 3'

mRNA

5'

U

A C U U C A A A C C A A

U U 3'

Amino Acid

Tyr

Mutation: Substitution

Phe

Lys

Pro

Ile

Effect: alter/change function

DNA Template Strand

3' T

A C T T

5 C A A A T C G A T T '

DNA

5'

A

T G A A

G T T T A G C T A A 3'

mRNA

5'

U

A C U U

C A A A U C G A U U 3'

Amino Acid

Tyr

Phe

Lys

Ser

Ile

© 2016. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Mutation: Deletion

Effect: Alter function

DNA Template Strand

3' T

A C

T

T

C

A

A

C C G

A T T 5'

DNA

5' A

T

G

A

A

G

T

T

G G C

T A A 3'

mRNA

5' U

A C

U

U

C

A

A

C C G

A U U 3'

Amino Acid

Tyr

Mutation: substitution

Phe

Pro

Ile

Effect: alter/change function

DNA Template Strand

3' T

A C A T C A A A C C G A T

5 T '

DNA

5'

A

T G T A G T T T G G C T A

A 3'

mRNA

5'

U

A C A U C A A A C C G A U

U 3'

Amino Acid

Tyr

Mutation: insertion

Ile

Lys

Pro

Ile

Effect: may not function properly

DNA Template Strand

3'

T

A C A T T C A A A C C G A T T 5'

DNA

5'

A

T G T A A G T T T G G C T

mRNA

5'

U

A C A U U C A A A C C G A U U 3'

Amino Acid

Tyr

Ile

Gin

Thr

A A 3'

Asp

3. What mutations would have the greatest effect on peptide sequence? Which would have the least effect? Why? The nonsense mutation will have the greatest effect on peptide sequence because it creates a stop codon where the sequence should be continuing References

© 2016. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Watson, J.D. (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). New York, NY: Garland Science Reece, J.B., Urry, L.A., Cain, M.J., Wasserman, S.A., Minorsky, P.V., and Jackson, R.B. (2011). Campbell Biology (9th ed). San Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Virtual Medical Centre. (2015). DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid). Retrieved from http://www.myvmc.com/medical-centres/heart/dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid/

© 2016. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

© 2016. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

© 2016. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved....