Bio Unit 1 Test Study Guide - General Biology I PDF

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Summary of material covered for test 1 for Dr. Whitehead's BIOL 1030; study guide for test 1; Fall 2015...

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Unit 1 Test Study Guide Biology 103 Dr. Whitehead Chapter 1: Exploring Life Properties of life: 1) Order 2) Reproduction 3) Grow and develop 4) Energy processing 5) Regulation 6) Respond to the environment 7) Evolutionary adaptation Atommoleculeorganellescelltissueorganorgan systemorganismpopulationcommunityecosystembiosphere Life emerges at the cell level Energy flows and nutrients cycle Light is converted to chemical energy by producers Bacteria- single-celled, prokaryotic, small Archaea- single-celled, prokaryotic, small, extreme environments (thermophiles, halophiles, etc) Eukarya- membrane-bound nuclei, eukaryotic  Kingdom plantae – photosynthetic, multicellular  Kingdom animalia – multicellular, consumers  Kingdom fungi – single and multicellular, decomposers  Kingdom Protista – parasites, small Natural selection: 1) individuals in populations have variable, inherited traits 2) populations produce more offspring than an environment can support, unequal reproductive success  adaptation Science vs Technology - goal is to understand - goal is to take science and apply it world around us for society - driven by curiosity/need - driven by needs of population “discoveries” “inventions” Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life 96.3% = C, H, O, N 3.7% = Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, etc 0.01% = trace elements i.e. iron, zinc Intramolecular  within a molecule  convalent  ionic Intermolecular  between molecules  hydrogen

Hydrogen bonds = weak bonds that are often responsible for giving large molecules their structure, between H+ and OpH = -log[H+] Chapter 3: The Molecules of Cells Carbon can make up to 4 covalent bonds Carbon skeletons  length – monosaccharides or di/polysaccharides  branching – different structures, different functions  rings – “ Important properties of organic compounds - size of carbon skeleton - shape of carbon skeleton - groups of atoms attached to the skeleton o functional groups (polat)  contain O or N and are therefore polar *Methyl groups change the shape of carbon skeleton Functional groups: OH Hydroxyl CO Carbonyl COOH Carboxyl NH2 Amino PO3 Phosphate CH3 Methyl*...