Biology Vocab List - Study Guide for Exam PDF

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VOCAB: • adhesion • anion • atom • buffer • cation • cohesion • compound • covalent bond • electron • electronegativity • element • enantiomer • hydrocarbon • hydrophilic • hydrophobic • hydrogen bond • ion • ionic bond • isomer • matter • neutron • polarity • proton • specific heat • trace element                      

alpha (α) helix amino acid antiparallel beta (β) pleated sheet carbohydrate cellulose chaperonin cholesterol condensation reaction dehydration reaction denaturation deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) deoxyribose disaccharide disulfide bridge double helix enzyme fat fatty acid gene glycogen glycosidic linkage

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hydrolysis hydrophobic interaction lipid macromolecule monomer monosaccharide nucleic acid nucleotide peptide bond phospholipid phosphodiester linkage polymer polynucleotide polypeptide polysaccharide primary structure protein purine pyrimidine quaternary structure ribonucleic acid (RNA) ribose saturated fatty acid secondary structure starch steroid tertiary structure trans fat triacylglycerol unsaturated fatty acid Active transport Amphipathic Carrier proteins Cholesterol Concentration gradient Cotransport Cytoplasmic Cytoskeleton Diffusion Electrochemical gradient Electrogenic pumps Endocytosis Exocytosis Extracellular matrix Facilitated diffusion Fat

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Fatty acid Fluid mosaic model Gated channels Glycolipids Glycoproteins Hydrophilic region Hydrophobic Hypertonic Hypotonic Integral proteins Ion channels Isotonic Lipid Membrane Membrane models Membrane potential Osmoregulation Osmosis Passive transport Peripheral proteins Phagocytosis Phospholipid Phospholipid bilayer Pinocytosis Plasmolysis Polyunsaturated fatty acid Proton pump Saturated fatty acid steroid Sodium-potassium ATPase pump Transmembrane proteins Transport proteins Trans fat Triglyceride Unsaturated fatty acid activation energy active site anabolic pathway ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ATP synthase catabolic pathway catalyst cellular respiration chemical energy chemiosmosis

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citric acid cycle citrate competitive inhibitor electron transport chain endergonic reaction energy entropy enzyme enzyme-substrate complex exergonic reaction FADH2 feedback inhibition fermentation first law of thermodynamics (Gibbs) free energy free energy of activation glycolysis heat Km kinetic energy Krebs cycle metabolic pathway metabolism NADH noncompetitive inhibitor oxidative phosphorylation phosphorylated potential energy pyruvate pyruvate dehydrogenase respiration second law of thermodynamics thermal energy • Vmax...