Biostatistics CPH 4510 Discussion 2 Unit 2 PDF

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The scale of the investigated outcome in the first study will be that of which belongs to the ratio scale as the resulting outcome of the research will consist of the pulse rate at which 100 children pulse were before and after they had exercised for 10-minutes. The data collected would be quantitative discrete data. However, the scale of the investigated outcome in the second study will be ordinal as it provides data on the ranking on how satisfied the students who participated in the study were. Measure of central tendency according to the University of the People (2020, p.1) is a typical value of a certain probability distribution. Therefore, the measure of central tendency that will be used in the first study will be the sample mean of the chosen population being studied. The sample mean is used in most cases to measure central tendency and will best be used to estimate the population parameter as the average pulse rate of these 100 children is recorded before and after they exercise. For the second study, the measure of central tendency that can be used here will be the median, this will be found by adding the two middle numbers of responses and dividing it by 2 or choosing the middle response if it is an odd set of responses. An example of this, is how satisfied were you about the study performed on you in the first study? [] Very Dissatisfied [] Dissatisfied [] Neutral [] Satisfied [] Very Satisfied. Therefore, from the response gathered 10 were dissatisfied, 40 was neutral, 35 was satisfied and 15 was very satisfied leaving no one very disappointed. Using 0, 10, 15, 35, and 40 the median can be calculated by using 15 the middle value which in this case represents neutral. The variability that will best describe the outcome in the first study will be the use of the variance and standard deviation of the data collected since it provides most information using all the data available according to the University of the People (2020, p.10). Also, the interquartile range can be used which can help to identify outliers as all these would be able to give us an idea of how the data varies about its mean. Furthermore, in the second study, the variability that will best describe the outcome in the second study will be the use of range. However, some possible problems that can interfere in conducting the research projects are biasness in selecting the candidates where children who are all athletes are chosen which can have an impact on the results since a good representation of the population is not chosen. Moreover, some of the children may refuse to rate their satisfaction with the first study which in turn can impact the interpretation of data and researchers can record incorrect information which can create outliers in your data (measurement error). However, besides participating in the physical exercises, three other factors that may affect the children’s pulse are: 1. If they are ill – those that may have an illness, their immune system will be compromised which in turn impacts their pulse rate, for instance, if septic shock sets in, the heart rate will increase to meet oxygen needs according to Lockhart (2013). 2. Mental state – if any of the participants are in an anxious state, having a fearful mind of participating in the study or is under stress. This will cause an increase in pulse rate because these feelings create a flight response and release hormones that interfere with someone’s heart rate according to Lockhart (2013).

3. Dehydration – when the body becomes dehydrated it causes the blood to thicken and waste clots the bloodstream causing your heart to work harder than usual to flush out waste and maintain normal cardiac output according to Lockhart (2013). Therefore, if the participants in the study are dehydrated this will increase their pulse.

References Lockhart Published on May 29, E. (2013, May 29). 10 Factors That Affect Your Pulse & Heart Rate. Retrieved from https://www.activebeat.com/fitness/10-factors-that-affect-your-pulse-heartrate/#:~:text= 10 Factors That Affect Your Pulse &, rate. And exercise,... 4 Pressure. More University of the People. (2020). Biostatistics unit2 reading assignment. Retrieved from https://my.uopeople.edu/pluginfile.php/926972/mod_book/chapter/249407/Unit%202_CPH %204510%20Biostatistics_Reading%20Assignment.pdf...