BOD Lab Report (Level 2) PDF

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Warning: TT: undefined function: 32nullnullENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORYECW 568OPEN-ENDED LAB REPORTTITLE OF EXPERIMENT : BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 22 APRIL 2020GROUP : EC2206C4AGROUP MEMBERS 1. AINATUL-FATIMA BINTI MD MUROZI(2018438002)2. FATIN ARIFA BINTI MANSOR(20...

Description

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY ECW 568 OPEN-ENDED LAB REPORT TITLE OF EXPERIMENT

: BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)

DATE OF EXPERIMENT

: 22 APRIL 2020

GROUP

: EC2206C4A

GROUP MEMBERS

1. AINATUL-FATIMA BINTI MD MUROZI (2018438002) 2. FATIN ARIFA BINTI MANSOR (2018264884) 3. NABILAH BINTI MD ZIN (2018694072) 4. NURFAIZA ADRINA BINTI AHMAD KHIR (2018693872) 5. SITI AISYAH BINTI ABD MALIK (2018402684)

LECTURER

: IR. MUHAMAD FUAD SHUKOR

LEVEL OF OPENESS

:2

MARKS

COMMENTS

INTRODUCTION BASIC CONCEPTS METHODOLOGY

1

2

3

4

5

RESULTS&ANALYSIS

1

2

3

4

5

DISCUSSION

1

2

3

4

5

CONCLUSION

1

2

3

4

5

ORGANIZATION

1

2

3

4

5

TOTAL MARKS

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PREAMBLE ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2 OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 LEARNING OUTCOMES .............................................................................................. 3 2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT ............................................................................................... 3 3.0 WAYS AND MEANS ........................................................................................................ 4 3.1 APPARATUS................................................................................................................... 4 3.2 PROCEDURES ................................................................................................................ 4 4.0 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS ............................................................................................ 5 4.1 RESULTS......................................................................................................................... 5 4.2 DATA ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................... 6 5.0 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................... 8 6.0 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 8 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................... 11 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................. 11

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1.0 PREAMBLE

1.1 INTRODUCTION Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), measures the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms in decomposing organic matter in stream water. BOD also measures the chemical oxidation of inorganic matter (i.e. the extraction of oxygen from water via chemical reaction). The test is used to measure the amount of oxygen consumed by these organisms during a specified period of time (usually 5 days at 20 C). The rate of oxygen consumption in a stream is affected by number of variables: temperature, pH, the presence of certain kinds of microorganisms, and the type of organic and inorganic material in the water.

1.2 OBJECTIVES 1. To measure the concentration of BOD in water sample. 2. To analyse data and interpret the results of the BOD experiment.

1.3 LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able: 1. To acquire and develop sublime psychomotor skills in conducting laboratory experiments. 2. To work as a team, demonstrate leadership and enhance communication skills through discussion.

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT Effluent discharged from a sewage treatment plant (STP) is an important aspect to be considered in water quality analysis. The BOD standard for the effluent must be appropriate according to the condition of the receiving waters. An old STP has been identified to be checked on its operation efficiency. Interim reports have indicated that the BOD level of the effluent has not been consistent, and this may affect the quality of the receiving rivers. Sampling has been done by the STP operator and students will need to address this issue and perform relevant experiment to find out the conclusion of the STP operation.

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2.0 WAYS AND MEANS

3.1 APPARATUS i.

BOD incubator

ii.

Glass stopped BOD bottles

iii.

Calibrated DO probe.

iv.

Measuring cylinder

v.

Conical flask

vi.

Pipette with elongated tip

vii.

Burette and burette stand

viii.

Wash bottle

3.2 PROCEDURES i.

Dilution water was prepared by adding the following per litre of required dilution water, then aerate to oxygen saturation (approximate 1 hour): -

1 mL phosphate buffer.

-

1 mL magnesium sulphate solution.

-

1 mL calcium chloride solution.

-

1 mL ferric chloride solution.

ii.

Three (3) dilutions water blanks were set up.

iii.

Three (3) dilutions for each sample were prepared.

iv.

The initial DO of each diluted sample and blank was measured using a calibrated DO probe.

v.

The bottle with dilution water was filled up and ensured no air bubble before tightly close the bottle’s mouth with the glass stopper

vi.

Blanks and samples were incubated at 20°C for five days.

vii.

After five days incubation, DO was measured in each bottle by DO probe, and BOD5 was calculated as follows: 𝑩𝑶𝑫𝟓 (

( 𝑫𝑶𝟎 − 𝑫𝑶𝟓 ) − (𝑩𝟎 − 𝑩𝟓 ) 𝒎𝒈 )= 𝑷 𝑳

where: D0 = initial DO of sample, mg/L D5 = Final DO of incubated sample after 5 days, mg/L B0 = Initial DO of blank, mg/L

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B5 = Final DO of incubated blank after 5 days.mg/L P = Decimal volumetric fraction of sample used 𝑷=

𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑩𝑶𝑫 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒍𝒆

Note: Only consider dilutions where: 1) depletion is ≥ 2.0 mg/L, and 2) final DO ≥ 1.0 mg/L.

3.0 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

4.1 RESULTS The total volume of the BOD bottle = 300 ml Average initial blank

= 7.7 mg/L

Average final blank

= 6.7 mg/L

Table 1.0: Data obtained in laboratory Seed sample Location

Raw Sewage

Secondary Effluent

Final Effluent

DO after 5 days Sample

DO initial

2

1

7.8

5.0

5

2

7.9

2.3

10

3

7.7

0.9

20

1

7.3

5.8

50

2

7.3

4.6

100

3

6.9

4.5

20

1

7.1

4.1

50

2

7.0

2.8

100

3

6.9

1.2

(ml)

incubated at 20°C

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4.2 DATA ANALYSIS Total volume of BOD bottle

= 300 ml

Average initial blank, B0

= 7.7 mg/L

Average final blank, B5

= 6.7 mg/L

(B0 – B5)

= 1 mg/L

Table 2.0 Data analysis DO after 5

Seed Location

sample

Sample

days

DO0 –

BOD5

initial

incubated at

DO5

(mg/L)

(ml)

Raw Sewage

Reported

DO

BOD5 (mg/L)

20°C

2

1

7.8

5.0

2.8

270

5

2

7.9

2.3

5.6

276

10

3

7.7

0.9...