Traffic Noise Study Lab Report (Level 0) PDF

Preview

Summary

Warning: TT: undefined function: 32HIGHWAY & TRAFFIC LABORATORYECG5 64OPEN-ENDED LABFEB 2020 – JUN 2020TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : TRAFFIC NOISE STUDYDATE OF EXPERIMENT : 11/03/GROUP : EC2206 C4AGROUP MEMBERS 1. AINATUL-FATIMA BINTI MD MUROZI(2018438002)2. FATIN ARIFA BINTI MANSOR(2018264884)3. NA...

Description

HIGHWAY & TRAFFIC LABORATORY ECG564 OPEN-ENDED LAB FEB 2020 – JUN 2020

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT

: TRAFFIC NOISE STUDY

DATE OF EXPERIMENT

: 11/03/2020

GROUP

: EC2206 C4A

GROUP MEMBERS

1. AINATUL-FATIMA BINTI MD MUROZI (2018438002) 2. FATIN ARIFA BINTI MANSOR (2018264884) 3. NABILAH BINTI MD ZIN (2018694072) 4. NURFAIZA ADRINA BINTI AHMAD KHIR (2018693872) 5. SITI AISYAH BINTI ABD MALIK (2018402684)

LECTURER

: DR WARDATI BINTI HASHIM

LEVEL OF OPENESS

:

0

MARKS

COMMENTS

INTRODUCTION

CO4 PO4

OBJECTIVE(S)

CO4 PO4

METHODOLOGY

CO4 PO4

RESULTS

CO4 PO4

DISCUSSION

CO4 PO4

2

4

6

8

10

CONCLUSION

CO4 PO4

2

4

6

8

10

ORGANIZATION

CO4 PO4

2

4

6

8

10

TOTAL MARKS

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PREAMBLE .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objective ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Learning Outcomes..................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Theoretical Background ............................................................................................................. 1 2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT ............................................................................................................ 2 3.0 WAYS AND MEANS ..................................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Apparatus .................................................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Procedures ................................................................................................................................... 2 4.0 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................ 3 4.1 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 5 5.0 DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................. 7 6.0 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 9 REFERENCE ...................................................................................................................................... 10 APPENDIX .......................................................................................................................................... 10

TITLE: TRAFFIC NOISE STUDY 1.0 PREAMBLE 1.1 Introduction The noise from the traffic considered as a pollution if exceed the allowable limit. The high traffic noise level will disturb the surrounding area thus the traffic noise level should be controlled and measured in order to ensure that the environment is free from the noise pollution. In measuring the noise level, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind dust from magnetic field can all affect the performance of noise measuring instruments and the data measured. Therefore, preparations on the procedures of measurement are very important in order to obtain the accurate data reading as well as to achieve the objective of the experiment.

1.2 Objective The objective of the test is: 1. To determine the traffic noise level at 𝐿10.

1.3 Learning Outcomes At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to: 1. Analyze the result by using statistical test 2. Determine traffic noise level at 𝐿10.

1.4 Theoretical Background Noise has been long considered as one type of pollution. This problem affected most residential housing particularly in urban area. Mostly noise pollution is come from highway with heavy traffic. Volume of traffic, speed and perhaps also type of vehicles contribute mostly to the noise pollution. Excessive noise from traffic can cause annoyance to daily activities, disturb rest especially sleep and disrupt communication thus decrease the overall quality of life. These traffic generated sound waves can be measured by amplitude and frequency. Frequency refers to the number of waves produced within a given time period, expressed in units of cycles per second. Amplitude is measures how forceful the sound wave is. The energy in sound wave is measured in units called decibels (dB).

1

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT Traffic noise tends to be a dominant noise source in our urban as well as rural environment. The level of highway traffic noise depends on three things which are the volume of the traffic, the speed of the traffic, and the number of trucks in the flow of the traffic. Generally, the loudness of traffic noise is increased by heavier traffic volumes, higher speeds, and greater numbers of trucks. Traffic noise, which is steadily increasing, is considered to be an important environmental health problem. It can affect the ability to work, learn, rest, relax, sleep, and others hence it can lead to mental and physical health problems. Measurement of noise level is necessary to determine the solution for traffic noise reduction. In this laboratory activity, each group is expected to find a location with potential noise area in UiTM Shah Alam to conduct the study. 3.0 WAYS AND MEANS 3.1 Apparatus In this laboratory activity, the apparatus that needed in this laboratory activity was the noise meter and stopwatch.

3.2 Procedures The procedures of this Traffic Noise Study re as follows: i.

The study area was selected near to Kolej Melati UiTM Shah Alam.

ii.

The apparatus which is noise meter was set up according to their manual specifications for the purpose of measuring road traffic noise.

iii.

The noise meter was switched on and the Frequency Weighting (A) was selected because the data was taken at outdoor surrounding while (C) for indoor surrounding.

iv.

The desired range was set 30-130dB by pressing the button level until the desire range appear.

v.

The instrument was held comfortably in hand and the microphone was pointed towards the noise source hence the sound pressure level was displayed on the meter LCD.

vi.

The data was recorded at every 30 seconds interval. To record the data, the MAX button was pressed to capture and followed by hold button then the maximum noise level reading on the was display. The MAX button was pressed again to clear the MAX reading.

vii.

The sample was taken for 30 minutes by using stopwatch. Then the data was tabulated and analysed to determine the estimated 𝐿10 value. 2

4.0 RESULTS

Time

: 1500

Day

: Wednesday

Weather

: Sunny day

Date

: 11/03/2020

Duration

: 30 minutes

Time

: 30 secs

Interval Range

: 30 – 130 dB(A)

Figure 1:

Location

: Near Kolej Melati, UiTM Shah Alam

Location of experimental study

3

Table 1: Sample of noise level NO

NOISE LEVEL dB(A)

NO

NOISE LEVEL dB(A)

1.

72.2

31.

75.7

2.

65.4

32.

87.2

3.

75.6

33.

89.8

4.

79.3

34.

84.2

5.

80.2

35.

80.2

6.

90.1

36.

84.2

7.

73.2

37.

87.4

8.

74.5

38.

78.4

9.

90.5

39.

91.9

10.

74.9

40.

91.3

11.

77.8

41.

79.8

12.

78.8

42.

79.8

13.

78.8

43.

83.5

14.

82.9

44.

78.5

15.

85.7

45.

74.9

16.

92.5

46.

81.6

17.

98.8

47.

87.3

18.

92.5

48.

85.3

19.

74.5

49.

85.3

20.

82.7

50.

79.6

21.

83.7

51.

81.1

22.

79.8

52.

91.7

23.

81.9

53.

96.2

24.

82.5

54.

76.3

25.

81.1

55.

76.3

26.

77.4

56.

76.5

27.

79.4

57.

79.4

28.

99.9

58.

79.1

29.

91.8

59.

85.3

30.

90.0

60.

78.8 4

4.1 Data Analysis Table 2: Data analysis of noise level Noise

Mean

range

noise, L

Frequency, Frequency Cumulative f

(%)

fxL

f x L²

frequency

(dBA)

(%)

65 – 69.9

67.5

1

1.67

1.67

67.5

4556.25

70 – 74.9

72.5

6

10

11.67

435

31537.5

75 – 79.9

77.5

19

31.67

43.34

1472.5

114118.75

80 – 84.9

82.5

13

21.67

65.01

1072.5

88481.25

85 – 89.9

87.5

8

13.33

78.34

700

61250

90 – 94.9

92.5

10

16.67

95.01

925

85562.5

95 – 99.9

97.5

3

5

100.01

292.5

28518.75

Total

-

60

100.01

-

4965

414025

Calculation: L₁₀ = Max noise level – {(Max noise level – Min noise level)/100 x 10%} = 99.9 – {(99.9 – 65.4)/100 x 10%} = 99.87 dBA

Cumulative frequency curve 120

Noise level (dBA)

100 80 60 40 20 0 0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Time (s)

Graph 1: Cumulative frequency curve 5

Frequency distribution curve 20 18

16 Frequency, f

14 12

10 8 6 4 2 0 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

100

120

Mean noise, L (dBA)

Graph 2: Frequency distribution curve

Cumulative frequency curve 120

Cumulative frequency (%)

100 80

60 40 20 0

0

20

40

60

80

Mean noise, L (dBA)

Graph 3: Cumulative frequency curve

6

5.0 DISCUSSION The study of noise has been done to measure the level of noise pollution at outdoor and its impact towards a particular area. From that study, action may be taken to provide adequate noise control measures. In the experiment, students need to measure the pattern of existing noise levels and to perform the statistical analysis on noise samples collected and interpret the results obtained. Based on the data tabulated a few vehicles have been observed during daytime. The observation has been done around 3 pm near to Kolej Melati, UiTM Shah Alam. The data was recorded by using a sound level meter for a duration of 30 minutes with 30 seconds time interval. Referring to Table 3.0 (Guideline for Environment Noise Limits and Control), the study area can be classified as institutional area and the permissible sound level for daytime is 50 dB(A) and for night time is 40 dB(A). The total number of vehicles recorded was 60 only which consists of bus, lorry, car and motorcycle. Table 1.0 shows that, the highest recorded noise was 99.9 dB(A) and the lowest was recorded at 65.4 dB(A). From the calculation that has been calculated, the value of the traffic noise level at L10 is 99.87 dB(A). L10 is the level exceeded for 10% of the time and takes account of any peaks in noise. Graph 1.0 clearly shows that the noise of the vehicles fluctuated from time to time. Graph 2.0 recorded the frequency of the mean noise for the vehicles and it shows that the mean noise at 77.5 dB(A) is the highest with 19 numbers of vehicle. Hence this study area is polluted because the highest frequency exceeded the permissible limit of sound level. The main factor that contribute to the noise pollution is the noise from vehicles since the study held during peak hour so that there are a lot of vehicles around the study area that contribute to the highest sound level. The noise pollution should be maintained to make sure there will no disturbance to the students that will affect students’ daily learning process in class as the noise will interrupt them to focus to the lecture. Other than, the comfortness of students that stay in college must be considered by ensuring that they are not exposed to the noise pollution. Mitigation measure should be done to prevent this problem from being worse such as plant more trees around the institutional area because it can help in reducing the noise pollution since tress can absorb excess sound to a considerable extend. Besides, the most effective way to reduce noise pollution in the institutional area is by controlling the number of vehicles in UiTM Shah Alam because the more the vehicles the more the noise will be produced.

7

During this analysis, several errors might arise such as experimental error and systematic error. Experimental error can exist when the equipment is not used properly. To minimize the error, the analysis procedure must be done accurately and precisely so that the students can get accurate result. Besides, systematic error can occur during the analysis of the data hence it will affect the result at the end of this studies. It is recommended to increase the observation time for prospective study to help the students to get more precise data. In addition, this study also can be done at different places in order to study the causes that contribute the most to the noise pollution. Hence, it can be concluded that the selected location is having a noise pollution and the mitigation measures should be taken to reduce the noise pollution.

Table 3: Guideline for Environment Noise Limits and Control

8

6.0 CONCLUSION As an overall conclusion, the objective of this study which is the traffic noise level at 𝐿10 in the study area has been obtained. The study area has been selected near Kolej Melati in Univesiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam. Based on the data analysis, the traffic noise level at 𝐿10 in the study area is 99.87 dB(A) where 𝐿10 is the noise level exceeded for 10% of the time of the duration. For the rest of the time, the sound or noise has a sound pressure level at or below 𝐿10 . In most cases, the sounds from the noises are not steady noises, instead the sound pressure level fluctuates over time as well as appearing to vary in tone and magnitude. In order to measure the fluctuating noise, the 𝐿𝑛 values were used where 𝐿𝑛 values are statistical noise levels or percentiles used to assess noise levels from fluctuating noise sources over time. Therefore, the 𝐿10 value is often used in measuring the noise level and in planning applications to give an indication of the upper limit of fluctuating noise. Other than that, the maximum noise level at the selected study area has been obtained in the data analysis which is 99.9 dB(A) where based on the Guideline for Environment Noise Limits and Control, the maximum noise level exceeds the recommended permissible sound level for institutional area, 50 dB(A) for daytime. Therefore, this selected study area has been polluted with the noises coming from the vehicles. In the world full of advanced development and new technology, transportation is one of the technologies that every developed country should have. However, it contributes noise pollution to the environment where it can cause an uncomfortable environment to the students living in Kolej Melati. The noise from the vehicles will affect the students where it causes discomfort and annoyance especially during the night when it interferes with sleep. In order to reduce the noise pollution to the environment, there are various ways can be implemented where noise barrier is one of the most environmental noise mitigation measure. The university should construct the noise barrier between the Kolej Melati and the main road because the noise barrier or also known as sound wall can protect the students from the noise pollution that are coming from the vehicles. Noise barriers are the most effective method of mitigating traffic noise sources, but it does not eliminate all traffic noise, it reduces the noise substantially and improve the quality of life for students living in Kolej Melati.

9

REFERENCE Department of Environment Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment & Climate Change (2019). Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control Third Edition. Retrieved from: https://www.doe.gov.my/portalv1/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/GuidelinesNoise-2019.pdf

APPENDIX

Figure 1: The noise meter was pointed towards the noise source.

Figure 2: The 30 seconds interval was taken using stopwatch.

10...