Traffic Volume Study - Lab report PDF

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HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERINGECG 564OPEN-ENDED LABMARCH - AUGUST 2021TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDYDATE OF EXPERIMENT : 28 APRIL 2021GROUP : EC220 6A2BGROUP MEMBERS 1. MUHAMMAD ANWAR BIN KASSIM(2018226302)2. MOHAMAD SYAFIQ BIN MANAP(2018439058)3. MOHAMAD IZZAIDI BIN MOHAMAD EHSAN(20182...

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HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING ECG 564 OPEN-ENDED LAB MARCH - AUGUST 2021 TITLE OF EXPERIMENT

: TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY

DATE OF EXPERIMENT

: 28 APRIL 2021

GROUP

: EC220 6A2B

GROUP MEMBERS

1. MUHAMMAD ANWAR BIN KASSIM (2018226302) 2. MOHAMAD SYAFIQ BIN MANAP (2018439058) 3. MOHAMAD IZZAIDI BIN MOHAMAD EHSAN (2018200962) 4. IFFAT RASYIQI BIN MUHAMMAD (2018802232) 5. MUHAMAD SAIFUL HAFIZI BIN MOHD TAUHID (2018201162)

LECTURER

: IR. TS. DR. SITI NURBAYA BINTI AB KARIM

LEVEL OF OPENESS

:

2A

MARKS

COMMENTS

INTRODUCTION BASIC CONCEPTS METHODOLOGY

1

2

3

4

5

RESULTS&ANALYSIS

1

2

3

4

5

DISCUSSION

1

2

3

4

5

CONCLUSION

1

2

3

4

5

TOTAL MARKS

INTRODUCTION

Transportation system is a dynamic system. Information about traffic must be regularly updated to keep pace with ever changing transportation system. Traffic volume survey is important to determine the current condition and to predict the future condition of traffic volume. The term traffic volume study can be termed as traffic flow survey. It is defined as the procedure to determine mainly volume of traffic moving on the roads at a particular section during a particular time. In this study, the students are required to collect and analyze the data systematically. The data can be used for variation traffic engineering purposes such as traffic monitoring, traffic forecasting and others.

OBJECTIVES

1.

To determine the vehicle composition in the traffic flow stream.

2.

To observe the traffic flow trend and movement pattern.

3.

To estimate hourly volume and average daily traffic (ADT).

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Traffic volume can be defined as the number of vehicles or pedestrians passing a given point on a lane or carriageway during a specified period of time. Traffic volume studies are widely known as traffic counts and they are carried out to determine the basic traffic data such as the number (volumes), classifications, and directional movements of roadway vehicles and pedestrian at selected location. The various volume counts taken over different lengths of time is usually expressed in vehicles per hour (VPH). Other traffic volume characteristic obtained are average annual daily traffic (AADT), average daily traffic (ADT), peak hour volume (PHV), vehicles miles of travel (VMT). The documentation of volume trends, critical flow time periods and the influence of heavy and slow vehicles of motorcyclists or pedestrians on overall vehicular traffic flow can be illustrated. The sampling period depends very much on the intended use of the data recorded, the resources available to the counting agency, the nature of the location being studied and the type of count. Counting can be done from as low as 5-minute intervals to as much as a year.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Data on the traffic volume is essential in describing the hourly, daily or yearly number of vehicles, as well as the vehicles composition. Capacity analysis for straight road section or intersection also rely on the traffic volume information, hence, the traffic volume study is needed to be done.

METHODOLOGY

Procedures : 1. Students were given a video recording of a traffic volume analysis conducted at a specific place and time. 2. A random video recording was provided to each group. 3. In the recording, a two-way T junction was observed for adequate traffic capacity. 4. The intersection's outline was sketched out. 5. The totals of 6 different directions were labelled as D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, and D6. 6. These roads were then allocated to each team member in order to track the number of vehicles that used them. 7. Start time and predicted end time for the study was recorded. 8. The observation took 30 minutes to complete. 9. The total of vehicles was observed and recorded with their respective types by using tick-mark method. Then the data was recorded specifically in the interval of 5 minutes. 10. Following the 30-minute duration, the study's information and data from the tickmark were moved for proper recording.

Ways and Mean : Material : The students are given the traffic volume video observation recording by the lecturer in this laboratory operation. Video link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1h-qqnDGPyEz1qltSU84l6Y8NpFcXGTv?usp=sharing

RESULTS

Table 1.0: Number of vehicles travel at direction 1. Direction 1, (D1) Medium Heavy good good vehicles vehicle & lorries & lorries 1 0

Time (min)

Private car & taxi

1:35 p.m. 1:40 p.m. 1:45 p.m. 1:50 p.m. 1:55 p.m. 2:00 p.m. Total

25

Small good vehicles & van 0

Buses

Motorcycle

Total vehicles

1

12

39

26

0

1

0

1

13

41

28

1

2

0

1

10

42

25

0

0

0

1

11

37

27

0

0

0

1

14

42

24

1

1

0

2

12

40

155

2

5

0

7

72

241

Buses

Motorcycle

Total vehicles

0

11

27

Table 2.0: Number of vehicles travel at direction 2. Direction 2, (D2) Medium Heavy good good vehicles vehicle & lorries & lorries 1 0

Time (min)

Private car & taxi

1:35 p.m. 1:40 p.m. 1:45 p.m. 1:50 p.m. 1:55 p.m. 2:00 p.m. Total

15

Small good vehicles & van 0

15

0

1

0

1

11

28

13

0

0

0

0

13

26

11

0

0

0

0

10

21

18

0

2

0

2

15

37

16

0

1

0

1

14

32

88

0

5

0

4

74

171

Table 3.0: Number of vehicles travel at direction 3. Direction 3, (D3) Medium Heavy good good vehicles vehicle & lorries & lorries 1 0

Time (min)

Private car & taxi

1:35 p.m. 1:40 p.m. 1:45 p.m. 1:50 p.m. 1:55 p.m. 2:00 p.m. Total

22

Small good vehicles & van 0

Buses

Motorcycle

Total vehicles

0

7

30

22

1

1

1

0

8

33

20

0

0

0

0

11

31

25

2

0

0

0

9

36

21

1

1

0

0

10

33

19

1

1

0

0

9

30

129

5

4

1

0

54

193

Buses

Motorcycle

Total vehicles

0

7

16

Table 4.0: Number of vehicles travel at direction 4. Direction 4, (D4) Medium Heavy good good vehicles vehicle & lorries & lorries 0 0

Time (min)

Private car & taxi

1:35 p.m. 1:40 p.m. 1:45 p.m. 1:50 p.m. 1:55 p.m. 2:00 p.m. Total

8

Small good vehicles & van 1

8

2

0

0

0

7

17

11

1

0

0

0

6

18

9

2

0

0

0

4

15

10

1

0

0

0

4

15

8

0

0

0

0

5

13

54

7

0

0

0

33

94

Table 5.0: Number of vehicles travel at direction 5. Direction 5, (D5) Medium Heavy good good vehicles vehicle & lorries & lorries 1 0

Time (min)

Private car & taxi

1:35 p.m. 1:40 p.m. 1:45 p.m. 1:50 p.m. 1:55 p.m. 2:00 p.m. Total

13

Small good vehicles & van 1

Buses

Motorcycle

Total vehicles

0

6

21

13

2

0

0

0

7

22

17

1

0

0

0

9

27

15

3

0

0

0

6

24

16

1

0

0

0

7

24

14

4

1

0

0

5

24

88

12

2

0

0

40

142

Buses

Motorcycle

Total vehicles

0

5

10

Table 6.0: Number of vehicles travel at direction 6. Direction 6, (D6) Medium Heavy good good vehicles vehicle & lorries & lorries 0 0

Time (min)

Private car & taxi

1:35 p.m. 1:40 p.m. 1:45 p.m. 1:50 p.m. 1:55 p.m. 2:00 p.m. Total

5

Small good vehicles & van 0

6

0

1

0

0

3

10

4

1

0

0

0

6

11

7

1

0

0

0

5

13

5

0

0

0

0

7

12

4

1

0

0

0

4

9

31

3

1

0

0

30

65

DATA ANALYSIS

Table 7.0: Conversion Factors to PCU Type of

Equivalent value in p.c.u’s

vehicles

Rural Standard

Urban Standard

Round About

Traffic Signal

Design

Design

Passenger Cars

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Motorcycle

1.00

0.75

0.75

0.33

Light Vans

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

Medium Lorries

2.50

2.50

2.80

1.75

Heavy Lorries

3.00

3.00

2.80

2.25

Buses

3.00

3.00

2.80

2.25

(Source: The Road Engineering Association of Malaysia, Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 8/86 A Guide On Geometric Design of Roads)

Table 8.0: Total vehicles by direction and types of vehicles DIRECTION

1

2

3

4

5

6

TOTAL VEHICLES

TYPE OF VEHICLES Private car & taxi

155

88

129

54

88

31

545

Small good vehicle &

2

0

5

7

12

3

29

5

5

4

0

2

1

17

0

0

1

0

0

0

1

Buses

7

4

0

0

0

0

11

Motorcycle

72

74

54

33

40

30

303

TOTAL

241

171

193

94

142

65

906

lorries Medium good vehicle & lorries Heavy good vehicle & lorries

Table 9.0: Total vehicles by direction and time. Time

Vehicles

Total

(min)

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

5

39

27

30

16

21

10

143

10

41

28

33

17

22

10

151

15

42

26

31

18

27

11

155

20

37

21

36

15

24

13

146

25

42

37

33

15

24

12

163

30

40

32

30

13

24

9

148

Total

241

171

193

94

142

65

906

Table 10.0: Table of analysis traffic volumes based on types of vehicles. Type of vehicle

Percentage (%)

PCU value

Number of vehicles

Number of vehicles (veh/hr)

Traffic volume (pcu)

Traffic volume (pcu/hr)

Urban roads Private car & taxi Small good vehicle & lorries Medium good vehicle & lorries Heavy good vehicle & lorries Buses

60.15

1.0

545

1090

545

1090

3.20

2.0

29

58

58

116

1.90

2.5

17

34

42.5

85

0.11

3.0

1

2

3.0

6

1.20

3.0

11

22

33.0

66

Motorcycle

33.44

0.75

303

606

227.25

454.5

Total

100

-

906

1812

908.75

1817.5

Sample calculation : Since 30 minutes equal to 0.5 hours, Traffic volume = Number of vehicles x PCU = 29 x 2.0 = 58 pcu Hourly estimated volume =

545 + 29 + 17 + 1 + 11 + 303 0.5

= 1812 veh/hr Total traffic volume per hour =

545 + 58 + 42.5 + 3 + 33 + 227.25 0.5

= 1817.5 pcu/hr

Graph 1.0 : Pie chart of traffic composition.

Graph 2.0: Line graph of total vehicles vs time (min) by directions.

Graph 3.0: Total vehicles vs Time (min)

DISCUSSION

Traffic volume study was carried out to count the number of vehicles passing a specific reference point on a road section within a specified period. Each mechanical hand tally counter represents each flow. The study shows that the number of each type of vehicles passes from each direction, as well as the number of each vehicles passes from each direction in every 5 minutes within 30 minutes. For each 5 minutes that had been conducted with the number of vehicles taken, result for peak hour for the road can be taken. Throughout the observation, the traffic volume increase from 5th to 15th minutes and decrease from 20th to 30th minutes. Direction 1 recorded as the highest number of vehicles travelled the selected location which is 241 vehicles in total. Direction 3 recorded 193 vehicles in total which falls under the second highest vehicle volume passes the location. Direction 4 recorded as the lowest vehicle volume travelled the same location throughout the study. This indicates that there more vehicle travelled in the major road (D1) compared to road (D4). More than half of the vehicle passes the selected location are private cars and taxies which are recorded about 60%. Motorcycles record as the second highest vehicle travelled the selected location 33%, followed by small goods lorries 3%, medium goods lorries 2%, buses 1% and heavy goods lorries. Flow rate of vehicles per 30 minutes was calculated to estimate the peak hour factor (PHF) which represents the ratio of total hourly volume to the maximum flow rate within 30minutes. Average vehicles volume per hour was calculated to estimate the average daily traffic (ADT) to measure present demand of traffic flow per hour and per day.

CONCLUSION

Lastly, the three main goals of the traffic volume analysis were met. To begin, data was collected to determine the vehicle composition in the traffic flow stream for 30 minutes. Small-goods vehicles were the most prevalent vehicles going through the T-junction, while buses were the least prevalent. The population preferred the personalized automobile to public transportation, according to the findings. The research, on the other hand, might not be performed during peak public transportation hours. Therefore, the least number of buses are available at the time. The data was then depicted graphically in the form of a pie chart and a line graph to compare the number of vehicles traveling through the intersection over time. The traffic flow trend and movement pattern were observed through this graphical analysis. The conversion factors for P.C.U from The Road Engineering Association of Malaysia, Arahan Teknik Jalan 8/86 A Guide on Geometric Design of Roads, were used to measure the number of vehicles in veh/hr and traffic volume in pcu/hr data for geometric design of road to avoid congestion. These data were used to improve the road segment, such as widening it and installing a traffic control system to ensure that traffic flowed smoothly in all directions. However, due to the time constraint of 30 minutes, this was not possible. Since it needs traffic volume data for one week, the average daily traffic (ADT) could not be determined. As a result, they will be able to determine whether it is appropriate to upgrade the road's geometric features, add a control system, or develop a road policy to minimize the number of specific types of vehicles on the road. Overall, a traffic volume report aids in the analysis of traffic conditions and patterns. Additionally, provide pertinent information to improve traffic quality.

References : 

Chakravorty, S.K. (2019). on Traffic Volume Study.



The Road Engineering Association of Malaysia, Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 8/86. A Guide on Geometric ...