Traffic Volume Study Lab Report ECG564 (civil engineering) online distance learning PDF

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HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERINGECG 564OPEN-ENDED LABSEMESTER 6TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDYDATE OF EXPERIMENT : 26 APRIL 2021GROUP : EC2206A3AGROUP MEMBERS 1. Muhammad Fadzlin bin Jaafar (2018224186)2. Muhammad Safwan bin Shahrudin (2018260438)3. Muhammad Haziq bin Rozaimi (2018653414)4...

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HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING ECG 564 OPEN-ENDED LAB SEMESTER 6 TITLE OF EXPERIMENT

: TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY

DATE OF EXPERIMENT

: 26 APRIL 2021

GROUP

: EC2206A3A

GROUP MEMBERS

1. Muhammad Fadzlin bin Jaafar (2018224186) 2. Muhammad Safwan bin Shahrudin (2018260438) 3. Muhammad Haziq bin Rozaimi (2018653414) 4. Muhammad Ikhwan bin Azman (2018276516) 5. Muhammad Luqman Hakim bin Johari (2018801514)

LECTURER

: DR. NOOR AZREENA BINTI KAMALUDDIN

LEVEL OF OPENESS

:

2

MARKS

COMMENTS

INTRODUCTION BASIC CONCEPTS METHODOLOGY

1

2

3

4

5

RESULTS&ANALYSIS

1

2

3

4

5

DISCUSSION

1

2

3

4

5

CONCLUSION

1

2

3

4

5

TOTAL MARKS

1.1 INTRODUCTION Transportation system is a dynamic system. Information about traffic must be regularly updated to keep pace with ever changing transportation system. Traffic volume survey is important to determine the current condition and to predict the future condition of traffic volume. The term traffic volume study can be termed as traffic flow survey. It is defined as the procedure to determine mainly volume of traffic moving on the roads at a particular section during a particular time. Volumes of a day or an hour can vary greatly, depending on the different day of the week or different time period of a day. In this study, the students are required to collect and analyse the data systematically. The data can be used for various traffic engineering purposes such as traffic monitoring, traffic forecasting, and others.

1.2 Objectives The objectives of the test are: 1. To determine the vehicles composition in the traffic flow stream. 2. To observe the traffic flow trend and movement pattern. 3. To estimate hourly volume.

1.3 Learning Outcomes At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to: 1. Describe the vehicle composition in the traffic flow stream. 2. Identify the traffic flow trend and movement pattern. 3. Analyse the result using statistical and graphical method.

1.3 Theoretical Background Traffic volume studies are conducted to determine the number, movements, and classifications of roadway vehicles at a given location. These data can help identify critical flow time periods, determine the influence of large vehicles or pedestrians on vehicular traffic flow, or document traffic volume trends. The traffic engineer must acquire general knowledge of traffic volume characteristics to measure and understand the magnitude, composition and time and route distribution of volume for each area under his jurisdiction. The various volume counts taken over different lengths of time is usually expressed in vehicles per hour (VPH). Traffic engineers focus on the peak-hour traffic volume in evaluating capacity and other parameters because it represents the most critical period.

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT Data on the traffic volume is essential in describing the hourly, daily or yearly number of vehicles, as well as the vehicles composition. Capacity analysis for straight road section or intersection also rely on the traffic volume information, hence the traffic volume study is needed to be done.

3.0 WAYS AND MEANS 3.1 Materials In this laboratory activity, the students are provided with the traffic volume video observation recording by the lecturer. The link of the video was sent through WhatsApp. Link given: https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=1DSaAAyk9JDN6EbGHYj1iLkFBLviBnppe

3.2 Procedures i.

The students were provided with a video recording of traffic volume study at certain location and time.

ii.

There are several number of video recordings with different time of observation in the link given.

iii.

Each group was assigned with a random video recording.

iv.

A two-way T junction in the recording was observed for suitable traffic capacity.

v.

The layout of the intersection was sketched.

vi.

The totals of 6 different directions were labelled as D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, and D6.

vii.

These routes were then assigned to each team members to count the frequency of vehicles using it.

viii.

Start time and predicted end time for the study was recorded.

ix.

The duration of the observation was 30 minutes.

x.

The total of vehicles was observed and recorded with their respective types by using tickmark method. Then the data was recorded specifically in the interval of 5 minutes.

xi.

After the 30 minutes period, the details of the study and data from the tick-mark was transferred for proper documentation.

4.0 Result and Analysis Table 1.0: Number of vehicles travel at Direction 1 Time (min)

Private car & taxi

8:35 a.m 8:40 a.m 8:45 a.m 8:50 a.m 8:55 a.m 9:00 a.m Total

33 33 25 33 45 29 198

Small Medium good good vehicle & vehicle & lorries van 5 0 6 0 9 0 2 1 5 0 5 0 32 1

Buses Heavy good vehicle & lorries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Motorcycle

Total vehicles

13 14 14 15 17 16 89

51 53 48 51 67 50 320

Motorcycle

Total vehicles

13 28 19 15 24 18 117

59 78 62 72 78 63 412

Motorcycle

Total vehicles

8 12 15 15 17 10 77

30 38 41 42 41 47 239

Motorcycle

Total

Table 2.0: Number of vehicles travel at Direction 2 Time (min)

Private car & taxi

8:35 a.m 8:40 a.m 8:45 a.m 8:50 a.m 8:55 a.m 9:00 a.m Total

35 37 38 47 44 40 241

Buses Heavy Medium Small good good good vehicle & vehicle & vehicle & lorries lorries van 10 1 0 0 10 2 1 0 4 1 0 0 9 1 0 0 10 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 48 5 1 0

Table 3.0: Number of vehicles travel at Direction 3 Time (min)

Private car & taxi

8:35 a.m 8:40 a.m 8:45 a.m 8:50 a.m 8:55 a.m 9:00 a.m Total

19 25 15 21 13 28 121

Buses Heavy Medium Small good good good vehicle & vehicle & vehicle & lorries lorries van 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 10 1 0 0 8 1 0 0 39 2 0 0

Table 4.0: Number of vehicles travel at Direction 4 Time

Private

Small

Medium

Heavy

Buses

(min)

car & taxi

8:35 a.m 8:40 a.m 8:45 a.m 8:50 a.m 8:55 a.m 9:00 a.m Total

49 30 34 39 50 30 232

good good vehicle & vehicle & van lorries 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 6 4

good vehicle & lorries 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

vehicles

17 35 23 15 21 22 133

72 67 58 55 71 53 376

Motorcycle

Total vehicles

13 25 18 10 11 20 97

40 47 49 25 45 45 251

Motorcycle

Total vehicles

12 13 17 14 24 7 87

34 34 44 37 49 33 231

Table 5.0: Number of vehicles travel at Direction 5 Time (min)

Private car & taxi

8:35 a.m 8:40 a.m 8:45 a.m 8:50 a.m 8:55 a.m 9:00 a.m Total

21 20 24 13 25 19 122

Small Medium good good vehicle & vehicle & van lorries 6 0 2 0 7 0 2 0 9 0 6 0 32 0

Heavy Buses good vehicle & lorries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 6.0: Number of vehicles travel at Direction 6 Time (min)

Private car & taxi

8:35 a.m 8:40 a.m 8:45 a.m 8:50 a.m 8:55 a.m 9:00 a.m Total

22 19 27 23 24 26 141

Medium Small good good vehicle & vehicle & lorries van 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1

Buses Heavy good vehicle & lorries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 7.0: Conversion Factors to PCU Type of Vehicle Rural Standard

Equivalent Value in PCU Urban Standard Round Design

About

Traffic Design

Signal

Passenger Cars Motorcycle Light Vans Medium Lorries Heavy Lorries Buses

1.00 1.00 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.00

1.00 0.75 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.00

1.00 0.75 2.00 2.80 2.80 2.80

1.00 0.33 2.00 1.75 2.25 2.25

(Source: The Road Engineering Association of Malaysia, Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 8/86A Guide on Geometric Design of Road )

Table 8.0: Total vehicles by direction and types of vehicles Direction

Type of Vehicle Private car & taxi Small good vehicle & van Medium good vehicle & lorries Heavy good vehicle & lorries Buses Motorcycle Total

1

2

3

4

5

6

Total Vehicles

19 8 32

241

121

232

122

141

1055

48

39

6

32

2

159

1

5

2

4

0

1

13

0

1

0

1

0

0

2

0 89 32 0

0 117 412

0 77 239

0 133 376

0 97 251

0 87 231

0 600 1829

D4 72 67 58 55 71 53 376

D5 40 47 49 25 45 45 251

D6 34 34 44 37 49 33 231

Total 286 317 302 282 351 291 1829

Table 9.0: Total Vehicles by direction and time Time (min) 5 10 15 20 25 30 Total

D1 51 53 48 51 67 50 320

D2 59 78 62 72 78 63 412

Vehicles D3 30 38 41 42 41 47 239

Table 10.0: Table analysis traffic volumes based on type of vehicles Type Vehicle

of

Private car & taxi Small good vehicle & van Medium good vehicle & lorries Heavy good vehicles & lorries Buses Motorcycle Total

Percentage (%) 57.68

PCU value Urban roads 1.0

8.69

Number of vehicles 1055

Number of Traffic vehicles volume (veh/hr) (pcu) 2110 1055

Traffic volume (pcu/hr) 2110

2.0

159

318

318

636

0.71

2.50

13

26

33

66

0.11

3.0

2

4

12

24

0 32.8 100

3.0 0.75

0 600 1829

0 1200 3658

0 450 1868

0 900 3736

Sample calculation, Since 30 minutes equal to 0.5 hours, Traffic volume = Number of vehicles x PCU = 1055 x 1.0 = 1055 pcu Hourly estimated volume = 3658 veh/hour Total traffic volume per hour = 3736 pcu/hour

Graph 1.0: Pie chart of Traffic Composition

Graph 2.0: Line graph of Total Vehicle vs Time (min)

FIGURE 1.0

5.0 DISCUSSION

Traffic volume study has been conducted in the selected study area in order to measure the traffic data where it is used to obtain the volume of traffic moving on the roads passing a given point on a lane or carriageway during a specified period. The selected study area has been given by the lecturer where it is a video recording of a T-junction and the data was counted every 5 minutes interval from 5:30 pm to 6:00 pm. Traffic volume or also known as traffic counts can be obtained by using several methods such as a manual method using hand tally counter and automatic method using pneumatic counters. But the traffic counts in this study have been conducted using the tick-mark instead of hand tally counter and pneumatic counters. The data obtained during this study on the traffic volume is needed in order to obtain the hourly number of vehicles, the traffic flow trend as well as the composition of the vehicles in the form of chart or graph. Based on the result obtained from the experiment, Table 1.0 until Table 6.0 shows the number of vehicles travel in each direction where the junction has 6 directions in total as shown as in Figure 1.0. On the other hand, Table 8.0 shows the total vehicles by direction and by types of vehicles where each vehicle passing by the junction will be counted and classified by the types of vehicles for instance cars & taxi, buses, small good vehicles & van, medium good vehicles & lorries, heavy good vehicles & lorries, buses and motorcycles. As seen in Table 8.0, the dominant type of vehicle that passing by the junction is personalized vehicles like the private car. This is because it is the most practical and convenient transportation used with 1055 cars in total for 30 minutes. It is also can be observed in the pie chart of traffic composition on Graph 1.0 as the number of cars which in orange colour is the highest percentage which is 57.68% compared to others. Furthermore, the analysis of traffic volumes in the passenger car unit per hour (pcu/h) had been obtained in Table 10.0. In order to obtain it, the total vehicles need to be multiplied by the PCU value depends on the type of vehicles and the area of study. In this experiment, the study was conducted in the urban area. Lastly, Graph 2.0 illustrates the graph of total vehicles against time in minutes. As shown in Graph 2.0, the highest number of vehicles is from 5:50 pm to 5:55 pm with 350 vehicles during the period of 5 minutes interval. It can be assumed that during that particular period which is from 5:50 pm to 5:55 pm is the time when all the people are on their way to coming back to their home from their respective workplace. The traffic volume study is important in which the purpose of conducting traffic volume study is to be used and required in planning, designing and operation of the transportation system. The traffic data is needed for the design purposes which in order to design the structural and geometrical as the geometric design is based on peak hour volume to avoid congestion. Other than that, the traffic data also were used for planning purposes where accurate information on the amount of traffic on the roads is important for the planning of both road maintenance and improvement policies. Lastly, it helps in traffic management purposes where the flow information is essential to be used in traffic signal design to improve the junction performance.

6.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, traffic volume studies are used to determine the vehicles composition in the traffic flow system and to observe the traffic flow trend as well as movement pattern. Students have successfully obtained the hourly number of vehicles, the traffic flow trends and the composition of the vehicles. Traffic flow data is usually collected to obtain data concerning the movement of vehicles at selected points on the road such as annual traffic, average daily traffic, annual average daily traffic and hourly traffic. The importance of annual traffic is to compute crash rates and to indicate trends in volume. Next, average daily traffic and annual average daily traffic is calculated to measure the present demand and to programme capital improvements meanwhile hourly traffic is calculated to determine peak hour periods, to evaluate capacity deficiencies and to establish traffic control. Traffic volume is defined as the number of vehicles passing a specific reference point on a road section within a specified period. From the table of analysis traffic volumes based on types of vehicles (Table 10.0), it can be concluded that the highest hourly number of vehicles is represented by private car and taxi with 2110 veh/hr. Similarly, the highest traffic volume is also by the private car and taxi with 1055 pcu. Moreover, the highest traffic volume is private car and taxi too with 2110 pcu/hr. The hourly estimated volume is 3658 veh/hr and the total traffic volume per hour is 3736 pcu/hr. From this experiment, all the data regarding the vehicle composition in the traffic flow stream has been tabulated. Based on the tabulated data; it can be concluded that the predominant vehicle type is personalized vehicles such as private car. From the pie chart of traffic composition (Graph 1.0), the highest percentage of traffic composition is private cars and taxi with 57.68%. Passenger Car Unit (PCU) is defined as the standard unit measurement which is designed to give the effect of an equivalent numbers of passenger cars. A vehicle is converted into an Equivalent Passenger Car Unit for consistency in interpreting road traffic performance, congestion, road geometry and traffic signal analysis and design. Other than that, it also can be concluded that the highest number of vehicles by direction is direction 2 (D2) with 412 number of vehicles. The result is obtained from the line graph of total vehicles vs time (minute) by direction (Graph 2.0). The highest number of vehicles is from 5.50 pm to 5.55 pm. There are some factors that may influenced the accuracy of the data collected such as during the counting of vehicle for one direction, students may make mistakes in calculating the right number of vehicles due to carelessness....