Book Review : Urban Design Process by Hamid Shirvani Slideshow PDF

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA BY : HAMID SHIRVANI Development Development Development PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI MOHAMAD SAHLAN 2012240652 MUHAMMAD NAJWAN BIN ABDUL KHALID 2013122757 MUHAMMAD DENIAL AL HAQIM BIN MOHD AKHIR 2012263026 ZAIRULHISHAM BIN ABDUL RAHMAN 2013376593 MASMEE BINTI RAZALI 20124...

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

BY : HAMID SHIRVANI

Development Development Development

PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI MOHAMAD SAHLAN MUHAMMAD DENIAL AL HAQIM BIN MOHD AKHIR MASMEE BINTI RAZALI MUHAMMAD IZZULHAIRI BIN MOHD RASHID NORAZUREEN BINTI MIHAT

2012240652 MUHAMMAD NAJWAN BIN ABDUL KHALID 2012263026 ZAIRULHISHAM BIN ABDUL RAHMAN 2012443288 MUHAMMAD FIRDHAUS BIN AZIZAN 2012298124 MUHAMMAD JAFNI BIN AZMI 2013780315

2013122757 2013376593 2013720003 2013777045

Development

What is Urban Design? Urban design is a complex interdisciplinary field that encompasses: • Architecture • Landscape architecture • Urban planning • Civil & transportation engineering • Psychology • Real estate development • Law

Context of Urban Design • to develop the policy framework. • concerning what and how to build. • look closely at recent trends within the planning profession.

Three different Orientation? i.

Development orientation forms a large part of urban-design practice. ii. Continuation of large-scale private sector development project.

i.

The conservation orientation focuses on environmental quality. ii. Often add odd with the real estate market’s attempts to control it.

i.

Received the least attention. ii. Based on lowcost neighborhood improvements through citizen participation Communityaction groups, and advocacy planning.

Development

Urban design is a part of planning process that deals with the physical quality of the environment.

1 • Purpose of space between urban structures at the micro level , that is, key physical features of the city’s organization, “focal points”, “viewpoint s”, “landmark”, “movement of patterns”. the example is road network.

2 • Focus on city skyline and its overall image and identity.

3 • Quality of maintenance, spaciousness, order, monotony, clarity of route, orientation to destination, safety and ease of movement.

4 4

• Compatibility of uses, presence of natural elements, distance to open space, visual interest of the street façade, quality of view andquality of maintenance.

1 • Establish the relationship between circulation or parking and density of activities. • Different areas within an urban setting with the different capacities for intensity, access, parking, transportation system availability and demand for individual uses. Photo 2.1 : Land use Map

• Lack of diversity of use in an area.

• Failure to consider environmental and natural physical factors

Mixing uses in urban area

Preservation of the natural environment

Modifications of existing land uses pattern

Land uses and associated pedestrian activities

.

2 Building form & massing are traditional zoning ordinances deal with aspect of physical from by setting specifics of height, setbacks, and coverage.

Photo 2.1 : Building form & Massing

City of Seattle •

Aspect of physical form by setting specifics of height, setbacks, and coverage.

Chicago City •

Building height guidelines are used in the urban design plan to indicate where low building should remain to enhance the hill forms of the city.

Photo 3.1 : Circulation and Parking

3 Circulation element of urban design one of the most powerful tools for structuring an urban environment. Shape, direct and control activity pattern in a city, as when a transportation system of public roads, pedestrian ways, and transit systems links and focuses movement.

i

ii iii

Roads should be “positive visual open space elements” Give the orientation to the driver and to make the environment legible Public and private sectors should combine in partnership to achieve these goals.

3 The parking element has two direct effects on quality of the environment: 1. Survival of downtown commercial activity. 2. Severe visual impact on the physical form and fabric of the city.

Street parking 1. Construction should be accompanied by regulations mandating establishment of parking 2. The ground level of parking garage can be set aside for retailing in order to continue activity at street level 3. “Multiple use program” which maximizes use of existing parking.

Multi-level parking at shopping mall

4. “ Package-plan parking”. Business with a large number of employees may form a parking districts. 5. Urban-edge parking. City or private developer can with the aid of the city develop parking areas or structures on the periphery of congested urban area

Multi-level parking

4 • Open space can be defined as all landscape, handscape, parks, and recreational space in urban are. • The example of hardscape is roads, sidewalks, and the like. • The open space element:

i. Parks, ii. Urban Green Space iii. The tree iv. Benches v. Planters vi. Water vii. Lighting viii. Paving ix. Kiosks x. trash receptacles xi. drinking fountains xii. Sculptures xiii. clocks xiv.others element.

Pedesterian section at Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur

5 • Pedestrian ways an essential element design and they are not just part of a beautification program. • They are a comfort system as well as a support element for retailing and vitality of urban spaces.

• • • •

Reduce uses of automobile Create retailing activity Promoting human scale system Increase air quality

• In the interaction between basic urban design element • Strongly relate to the existing building environment and activity

• Effectively with future physical change in the city

Activity support at Kuala Lumpur

6 • Do not include only the provision of pedestrian ways,consideration major function use to generate activities • • • • •

Activities helps stregthen urban public spaces Several activities node Integration in/outdoor activities Interdependency of space Include all user Street of Bonaventure hotel, los angeles

Do not consider activity support in and near a building Problem :  Cold and unless pedestrian plaza without retailing  Contructing a long corporate building without shop

Critical issue : The substantial congestion of the thorougfare-delivery traffic and parking maneurers that disrupted the street activities. Narrow sidewalk,bus stop crowding and dangerous pedestrian crossing Visual clutter and deterioration of physical fabric of the

Sidewalk of Beach Twentieth Street,Queens

7

7

Divided into two: • DIRECT- direct purpose of signs, image and character •INDIRECT • Sign shortcoming • Sign design in overall aesthetic quality • Functional sign • Sign visibility • Sign communication • Eg: P ( PARKING )

• Esulate size of signs • Private signage - controlling chaous and creating interest

• Standard proposal for signs style,placement,co;our ang lighting • Aesthetic and visual consideration • Dimension • Temporary signs • Scale,duration,maintanance

Georgetown Pulau Penang

8

i

Consideration for all existing structures and places,temporary or permenant

ii

Protection of existing neighborhoods and urban places as well as historical building and places

iii

Preservation brings a variety of benefits to a community

Cultural

Economic

Social

Planning

Standard Historical Designation

Formal Set

Provision

Review Standard

Masjid Jamek, Kuala Lumpur

8 The Secretary of the Interiors Standards for Rehabilation (n.d)

Lincoln, Nebraska • Building materials • Roof profiles

Rochesters • Architecture

• Considers the association of building,sites,objects and spaces in traditionally accepted arrangement

Murtaugh • Building within district • 6 characteristics

• Aesthetic components of architectural detail as scale,ornament,proportion,height,and texture

• Captures the sense of a district through boundaries or focal points within them • The features of materials (colour,type) associated with a locality

• Aesthetic efforts • As well as association which consider historic events,personages and aesthetic qualities

•

Assumed that all method are RATIONAL

•

Assumed that all of methods share areas of common concern and consequently overlap.

1

Internalized

2

Synoptic

3

Incremental

4

Fragmental

5

Pluralistic

6

Radical

1 • Intuitive – designer develop the idea depend on their surrounding; local culture, geography, ecology and society • Conceptual design on the city based on cultural and philosophic • Decision making is collective, pluralistic and typically dispersed

i

Visualize in his/her mind through memory, training and experience.

ii

Sketch, re-sketch until the design reaches its “maturity”. systematic fashion.

iii

Depend on the vision and background of the designer also understanding towards the culture values, human usage and level of creativity.

NEGATIVE

POSITIVE

2 • • • •

1

Also describe as “Rational” or “Comprehensive”. Synoptic method more rational and systematic Two important complementary concept are involved; value and uncertain. Synoptic are systematic design steps.

Data collection , survey of existing conditions natural, built and socioeconomic.

2 3

Formulation of goals and objectives (aim and objective).

4 5

Data analysis , identification of all opportunities and limitation.

Generation of alternative concepts.

Elaboration of each concept into workable solutions (initial ideas).

6 7

Translation of solutions into policies, plans, guidelines and programs (synthesis).

Evaluation of alternative solutions (synthesis).

3 • Important to achieve the main goals and objectives. • Decision making by individuals, group and organization. Its more to straightforward to get the goal and objective. • The designer only establishes a goals and then going build incremental steps to achieve it. Just take the alternative solution to design and solve the problem. • The designer establishes a goal and going to develops the steps to achieve it. • A certain of cities related with urban design and development have worked out longrange policies.

DECISION MAKING BY INDIVIDUALS ,GROUP & ORGANISATION IDENTIFY PROBLEM & OPPORTUNITIES THE DESIGNER ESTABLISHES GOAL & CONCEPT

3

GENERATE OF ALTERNATIVE CONCEPT

OF EACH CONCEPT INTO WORKABLE SOLUTION APPRAISE OF ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TRANSLATION OF SOLUTION INTO POLICIES , PLANS,GUIDELINES AND PROGRAMS

4 •

This method is also similar to the synoptic method but the process is incomplete. this process might going four out of the total seven steps was suggested from this process.

DESIGN : Gathering data

Analysis data

Goal and objective

And develop the urban design plan.

3 • • •

Mixture of the synoptic and intuitive method Do not necessarily follow each steps of the process This approach become more hodgepodge of techniques to impress clients

5 • • • • •

Functional social/structure : of an urban area as well as the inhabitant’s value systems. simple generalizations, standard norms and deterministic approaches are not valid. The method attempts to avoid operating within a controlled design tradition that has in the past produced overdesigned environments. Recognizes the user’s values and perception of the city The designers are helping low-income groups to create a better living environment in their neighborhoods.

Determining why residents recalled certain element of the city.

Identify the significant characteristics 3 of such element. Recognize the user value. Perception of the city

To survey data and analysis before proposing the strategies.

6 •

•

Able to predetermine growth • and adequately accommodate it Abstract methods implicit in some of system but most of methods • are purely theoretical and academic.

Difficult to characterize the process, particularly in terms of its application to design Difficult to discuss the approach effectively without references to the system.

What should we implement on the site sir???

Just provide a basic needs only.

•

Designing an object such a s chair or a table can lead directly to a “product”, in this case , manufactured or built chair or table.

•

Concernity of the designers are varied – comfort, aesthetics and economics which can be seen in production process.

•

The more big scale of product will increase the policy oriented and the more small scale of product will increase the product oriented.

Developing an urban mall in the downtown area

Developing design guidelines for downtown developments

P R O D U C T

P R O C E S S

O R I E N T E D

O R I E N T E D

Seattle is known as a prime example that applies urban design policies. Seattle policies is that land use and urban design are considered as a single set of issues

Plan Policies

Guidelines

Programs

•

Process-oriented within a framework where a designer can design more specific and individual user product.

•

Design policies are indirect design method that include regulatory means of implementation or investment programs

•

Primarily a framework which is means as a response to the socioeconomic setting. Also called as strategies – is a solution on how to make an urban design on paper work in reality

• •

Framework should be flexible enough to allow specific design to take place

•

a plan is most essential of all the products of urban design. it should be developed within the framework of a set of policies.

•

urban design is a three dimensional depiction of urban design policies. the traditional approach to urban design physical planning has been controlling change by establishing a set of harmonious relationship in the urban area

Master /development / plan which concern with the physical environment

Comprehensive plan describes general community policies

Urban Design Plan of San Francisco

In peak use during 1950s and 1960s . some of the hundreds of plans are produced and were described as a mechanical and unimaginative plan. Unfortunately the plan got rejected by professionals because it “refers only to completed form” without taking into “account the process by which the form is achieved”.

“PLAN” IS NOT THE ONLY “PRODUCT” OF DESIGN. THERE ARE SEVERAL FRAMEWORKS THAT THEY CAN USE TO CONTROL PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY AND CREATE A HIGH-

QUALITY SENSORY ENVIRONMENT.

Example of Pi County Urban Infill Site Master Plan

1 1.Design Guidelines for Downtown Long Beach (1980) Issues : Public’s enjoyment of physical environment such as pedestrian route, parking and access, building appearance, landscape and hardscape

2

2.Special Zoning District concept in New York City - Lower Manhattan pedestrian design and planning guidelines - 5th Avenue Special Zoning District Preservation of retailing

3

3.Districts with the mix of uses. Besides that, commercial districts like Plazas for people in example, Streetscape Residential Plazas in New York City. Also district with the history preservation

Photo 7.3 :Streetscape Residential Plaza, New York City

Prescriptive guidelines attempt to establish the limit or framework within which individual designers must work, as in FAR requirements

Performance guidelines provides designer with various measures and criteria and it is more specific and flexible than prescriptive guidelines

There are 4 sections in producing a good and standard guidelines . First of all is the objectives or purpose of guidelines. Secondly, the classification of major or minor issues at that particular area. Thirdly, the applicability of the guidelines, questioning whether is it a good and applicable guidelines?. Fourthly, the examples illustrating of some applications. In conclusion, producing guidelines can be too flexible and interpreted in many ways

Chifley Square, Sydney public space

Refers to an implementation process or to the overall design process and aspects of planning and design that maintain and preserve the existing environment as well as the environment that will be created.

Care, maintenance and preservation of the community’s assets and character

Local government has traditionally had this responsibility through the taxes they received. Besides that, urban design programming that handles maintenance issues through cooperative effort such as neighborhood associations, street associations and so on.

Photo 7.3 : Planning and design ; preservation

Maintain public spaces by the taxes they received which is same with the local government programs. Public spaces can be maintained and preserved by citizen as well as the community in that area. Photo 7.4 Neighborhood programs

As a conclusion, design process is important to ensure the designer can consider how and what to produce within the cities that have least negative environment impact. There are several factors that need to be highlighted in urban design planning that is the element of urban design, design method/process, and the product of urban design.This factors play an important role in process to produce sustainable city. The element of urban physical form that have been categorized is very interrelated and can influenced the community in the city. The second factor is design method/process. This process always been a problematic and sensitive subject for designers. Other emphasize various systematic processes and take a philosophical approach to design. Commonly, the designer used a synoptic process because this process is more systematic and easy to understand. Finally the product of urban design. Product of urban design can be classified into four group that is, policies, plan, guidelines, and programs. Cities now realize that these framework they can used to control physical development and create high-quality sensory environment....