C5 ĐỘNG LỰC TỪ KN AD - aaaaaaaaaaa PDF

Preview

Summary

aaaaaaaaaaa...

Description

Organizational Behavior, 15e (Robbins/Judge) Chapter 8 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 1) ________ is an extrinsic means of motivation. A) Recognition B) Autonomy C) Responsibility D) Flexibility E) Salary Answer: E Explanation: E) Salary or pay is one central means of motivation; it is a form of extrinsic motivation. Page Ref: 240 LO: 1 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance 2) Job design is defined as the ________. A) degree to which the job rewards competence B) way the elements in a job are organized C) degree to which the job contributes to profit margins D) degree of decision-making power with the immediate superiors E) way the job is evaluated in terms of its relative worth to other jobs Answer: B Explanation: B) Job design is defined as the way the elements in a job are organized. Page Ref: 240 LO: 1 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance 3) With reference to the job characteristics model, which of the following defines skill variety? A) the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work B) the degree to which work activities generate direct and clear information about performance C) the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling and procedure D) the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people E) the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities tapping different abilities Answer: E Explanation: E) The job characteristics model ( JCM) describes jobs in terms of five core job dimensions: skill variety, the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities; task identity, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work; task significance, the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people; autonomy, the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling; and feedback, the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about performance.

1 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Page Ref: 240 LO: 1 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance 4) With reference to the job characteristics model, which of the following defines task identity? A) the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work B) the degree to which work activities generate direct and clear information about performance C) the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling and procedure D) the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people E) the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities Answer: A Explanation: A) The job characteristics model ( JCM) describes jobs in terms of five core job dimensions: skill variety, the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities; task identity, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work; task significance, the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people; autonomy, the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling; and feedback, the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about performance. Page Ref: 240 LO: 1 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance 5) Adam Sears is an assembly line employee with Swenson Motors. Though Adam is popular among his supervisors and colleagues, Adam experiences low morale and lack of motivation. He feels frustrated that his job is restricted to fixing nuts and bolts on the car parts. He fears that he has no chances of advancing in his career as he cannot completely assemble a car. Which of the following is true with regard to Adam? A) Adam's job has high task complexity. B) Adam's job has a high span of control. C) Adam's job has low role definition. D) Adam's job has low task identity. E) Adam's job has high task significance. Answer: D Explanation: D) Adam's job has low task identity. This means that the degree to which the job requires the completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work is low. Page Ref: 240 LO: 1 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Application Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance

2 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

6) According to the job characteristics model, task significance is the degree to which ________. A) a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work B) a job generates direct and clear information about performance C) a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling work and determining its procedure D) a job bears an impact on the lives or work of other people E) a job requires a variety of different activities Answer: D Explanation: D) Task significance is the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people. Page Ref: 240 LO: 1 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance 7) Samantha Barnes is an emergency medical technician. Recently, during an emergency call, she was able to resuscitate a man who had a cardiac arrest. Subsequently, she spent some time calming the 12year-old daughter of the patient and looked after her till the rest of the patient's family arrived at the hospital. Based on this description, it can be concluded that Samantha's job is high in ________. A) task identity B) feedback C) extrinsic rewards D) task significance E) job rotation Answer: D Explanation: D) Although Samantha's job has many job characteristics, the description provided best describes task significance. Task significance refers to the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives of other people. Page Ref: 240 LO: 1 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Application Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance 8) According to the job characteristics model, autonomy is defined as the degree to which ________. A) a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work B) a job generates direct and clear information about performance C) a job provides the worker freedom, independence, and discretion D) a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people E) a job requires a variety of different activities Answer: C Explanation: C) Autonomy is the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling work and determining the procedures in carrying it out.

3 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Page Ref: 240 LO: 1 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance 9) According to the job characteristics model, ________ indicates the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about your own performance. A) task significance B) autonomy C) feedback D) task identity E) skill variety Answer: C Explanation: C) According to the job characteristics model, feedback indicates the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about your own performance. Page Ref: 241 LO: 1 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance 10) Which of the following series of dimensions of the job characteristics model (JCM) combine to create meaningful work? A) autonomy, task identity, and feedback B) skill variety, autonomy, and task significance C) skill variety, autonomy, and feedback D) feedback, task identity, and task significance E) skill variety, task identity, and task significance Answer: E Explanation: E) The first three dimensions in JCM, skill variety, task identity, and task significance, combine to create meaningful work that the incumbent will view as important, valuable, and worthwhile. Page Ref: 241 LO: 1 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance

4 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

11) The core dimensions of the job characteristics model can be combined into a single predictive index called ________. A) extrinsic motivation score B) personal outcome score C) job diagnostic score D) motivating potential score E) potential development score Answer: D Explanation: D) The core dimensions of the job characteristics model can be combined into a single predictive index, called the motivating potential score. Page Ref: 242 LO: 1 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance 12) Which of the following statements is true of the job characteristics model? A) The operation of the model is universal and unaffected by cultural factors. B) The operation of the model is relatively individualistic in nature. C) The operation of the model requires employees to have similar skill sets. D) The operation of the model cannot be quantitatively measured. E) The operation of the model fulfils only extrinsic motivational needs. Answer: B Explanation: B) The job characteristics model is relatively individualistic in nature as it considers the relationship between the employee and his or her work. This suggests that job enrichment strategies may not have the same effects in collectivist ic cultures as in individualistic cultures. Page Ref: 242 LO: 1 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance 13) Which of the following statements is true regarding job rotation? A) It decreases the flexibility with which an organization can adapt to a change. B) It decreases employee motivation. C) It decreases productivity in the short-run. D) It decreases supervisory workload. E) It decreases the flexibility in scheduling work. Answer: C Explanation: C) Job rotation increases the flexibility with which an organization can adapt to a change. It reduces boredom and increases motivation. Productivity tends to reduce when a worker moves into a new position and supervisory workload tends to increase because supervisors may have to spend more time answering questions and monitoring the work of recently rotated employees.

5 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Page Ref: 244 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance 14) The periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level is defined as ________. A) job enlargement B) job analysis C) job rotation D) job sharing E) job enrichment Answer: C Explanation: C) The periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level is called job rotation. Page Ref: 243 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance 15) A prerequisite condition for job rotation is the ________. A) presence of high level of autonomy among workers B) presence of high need for affiliation among workers C) presence of employees with similar skill sets and requirements D) presence of alternative work arrangements for employees to avail E) presence of employee involvement programs Answer: C Explanation: C) The periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level is called job rotation. Page Ref: 243 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance

6 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

16) Managers at Flavors, a restaurant chain, train their employees such that in the absence of employees, someone trained in the same skills can step in and do the job equally well. Thus, many modules in training are extensive as they provide employees with details of the skill sets required for different jobs. In practice, this lengthy training program does help the company as a well-trained and flexible workforce is at their disposal at all times. The managers at Flavors use ________. A) job rotation B) vertical enhancement C) telecommuting D) job sharing E) flextime Answer: A Explanation: A) This is an example of job rotation, or the periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level . Page Ref: 243, 244 LO: 2 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Application Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance CalTrack Services has been facing employee-related issues like decreased productivity, low morale, and poor organizational commitment in recent times. At a meeting to discuss strategies to address these issues of immediate concern, Joe McEnroe, the production manager, proposed that the roles of employees working on key projects be enhanced to increase autonomy. He felt that this would enhance productivity, motivation, and accountability. Taking a cue from McEnroe, Paul Wilbur suggested job rotation as a solution to the problem they were facing. Paul felt that a change of job roles would make the employees keener to learn and perform. He emphasized that job rotation would help management create a larger skill base to choose from, depending on the needs of specific projects.

7 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

17) Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument of adopting job rotation? A) The employees of the company have similar skill sets which are suited to transfer of learning. B) The company has been conducting professional training programs to keep all employees up-to-date with the developments in the field. C) AmWeb, one of the major rival firms, witnessed a substantial rise in profits following its crosstraining program for employees. D) The research evidence favoring job rotation has rarely used samples from the service industry. E) The company is now entering its busiest business season with multiple project deadlines. Answer: E Explanation: E) Job rotation is the periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level. With the busiest business season coming up, time is at a premium for this company, and job rotation, though beneficial in the long run, will result in wastage of time for all employees involved; it will also cause a drop in the immediate productivity. If the employees of the company have similar skill sets which are suited to transfer of learning, then this would strengthen the argument in favor of adopting job rotation. The fact that the company has been conducting professional training programs to keep all employees up-to-date with the developments in the field does not weaken the argument of adopting job rotation. The fact that AmWeb, one of the major rival firms, witnessed a substantial rise in profits following its cross-training program for employees does not strengthen or weaken the argument of adopting job rotation for CalTrack. The fact that research evidence favoring job rotation has rarely used samples from the service industry does not strengthen or weaken the argument of adopting job rotation. Page Ref: 244 LO: 2 AACSB: Reflective Thinking Difficulty: Hard Quest. Category: Critical Thinking Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance

8 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

18) Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument in favor of adopting job rotation? A) The company is currently facing numerous budget constraints. B) The company can enhance productivity of existing employees in various areas for different projects. C) Two front-level managers have resigned in the last quarter as they were not promoted. D) The company has launched a new brand which is cannibalizing one of its existing products. E) The company has recently given employees new responsibilities by combining their routine tasks into natural work units. Answer: B Explanation: B) If the company can enhance productivity of existing employees in various areas for different projects, then this would strengthen the argument for adopting job rotation. The strengths of job rotation are that it reduces boredom, increases motivation, and helps employees better understand how their work contributes to the organization. An indirect benefit is that employees with a wider range of skills give management more flexibility in scheduling work, adapting to changes, and filling vacancies. Since CalTrack needs to increase productivity, job rotation would help the company create a pool of workers who are skilled in different areas that are important for different projects. If the company is currently facing numerous budget constraints, it would weaken the argument of adopting job rotation. The fact that two front-level managers have resigned in the last quarter as they were not promoted does not strengthen the argument in favor of adopting job rotation. The fact that the company has launched a new brand which is cannibalizing one of its existing products does not strengthen the argument of adopting job rotation. If the company has recently given employees new responsibilities by combining their routine tasks into natural work units, then this does not strengthen the argument in favor of adopting job rotation. Page Ref: 244 LO: 2 AACSB: Reflective Thinking Difficulty: Hard Quest. Category: Critical Thinking Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance 19) One of the methods of job enrichment is to expand jobs vertically. This method involves modifying the ________ dimension of the job. A) task significance B) autonomy C) feedback D) task identity E) skill variety Answer: B Explanation: B) Expanding jobs vertically involves gives employees responsibilities and control formerly reserved for management.Thus it modifies the autonomy dimension of the job. Page Ref: 244 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance

9 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

20) Job enrichment is the process of ________. A) periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level B) expansion of jobs by increasing the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work C) redistribution of power within the organization through work councils and board representations D) distribution of a significant degree of power between subordinates and supervisors E) evaluation of an employee wherein subordinates, peers, and managers provide comprehensive feedback Answer: B Explanation: B) Job enrichment expands jobs by increasing the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work. Page Ref: 244 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to orga...