Cálculo de varias variables. Solucionario. Stewart. 7ma edición. (Multivariable Calculus. Solutions manual. Stewart. 7th edition) PDF

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INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL Complete Solutions Manual for MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS SEVENTH EDITION DAN CLEGG Palomar College BARBARA FRANK Cape Fear Community College Australia . Brazil . Japan . Korea . Mexico . Singapore . Spain . United Kingdom . United States © Cengage Learning. g.. All A Rights R...

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INSTRUCTOR SOLUTIONS MANUAL

Complete Solutions Manual for

MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS SEVENTH EDITION

DAN CLEGG Palomar College BARBARA FRANK Cape Fear Community College

Australia . Brazil . Japan . Korea . Mexico . Singapore . Spain . United Kingdom . United States

© Cengage Learning. g.. All A Rights Reserved.

© 2012 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher except as may be permitted by the license terms below.

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PREFACE This Complete Solutions Manual contains detailed solutions to all exercises in the text Multivariable Calculus, Seventh Edition (Chapters 10–17 of Calculus, Seventh Edition, and Calculus: Early Transcendentals, Seventh Edition) by James Stewart. A Student Solutions Manual is also available, which contains solutions to the odd-numbered exercises in each chapter section, review section, True-False Quiz, and Problems Plus section as well as all solutions to the Concept Check questions. (It does not, however, include solutions to any of the projects.) Because of differences between the regular version and the Early Transcendentals version of the text, some references are given in a dual format. In these cases, users of the Early Transcendentals text should use the references denoted by “ET.” While we have extended every effort to ensure the accuracy of the solutions presented, we would appreciate correspondence regarding any errors that may exist. Other suggestions or comments are also welcome, and can be sent to dan clegg at [email protected] or in care of the publisher: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, 20 Davis Drive, Belmont CA 94002-3098. We would like to thank James Stewart for entrusting us with the writing of this manual and offering suggestions and Kathi Townes of TECH-arts for typesetting and producing this manual as well as creating the illustrations. We also thank Richard Stratton, Liz Covello, and Elizabeth Neustaetter of Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, for their trust, assistance, and patience. DAN CLEGG

Palomar College BARBARA FRANK

Cape Fear Community College

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© Cengage Learning. g.. All A Rights Reserved.

■

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

CD

concave downward

CU

concave upward

D

the domain of i

FDT

First Derivative Test

HA

horizontal asymptote(s)

I

interval of convergence

I/D

Increasing/Decreasing Test

IP

inÀection point(s)

R

radius of convergence

VA

vertical asymptote(s)

CAS

=

indicates the use of a computer algebra system.

H

indicates the use of l’Hospital’s Rule.

m

indicates the use of Formula m in the Table of Integrals in the back endpapers.

s

indicates the use of the substitution {x = sin {> gx = cos { g{}.

= = = c

=

indicates the use of the substitution {x = cos {> gx = 3 sin { g{}.

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■

CONTENTS ■

10 PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS AND POLAR COORDINATES 10.1

Curves Defined by Parametric Equations Laboratory Project

10.2

Polar Coordinates

■

15

18

Bézier Curves

32

33

Laboratory Project

■

Families of Polar Curves

10.4

Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates

10.5

Conic Sections

10.6

Conic Sections in Polar Coordinates

Review

1

Running Circles Around Circles

Calculus with Parametric Curves Laboratory Project

10.3

■

48

51

63 74

80

Problems Plus 93

■

11 INFINITE SEQUENCES AND SERIES 11.1

Sequences

97

97

Laboratory Project

■

Logistic Sequences

110

11.2

Series

11.3

The Integral Test and Estimates of Sums

11.4

The Comparison Tests

11.5

Alternating Series

11.6

Absolute Convergence and the Ratio and Root Tests

11.7

Strategy for Testing Series

11.8

Power Series

11.9

Representations of Functions as Power Series

114 138

143 156

160

11.10 Taylor and Maclaurin Series Laboratory Project

■

Applied Project

Problems Plus

■

169

179

An Elusive Limit

11.11 Applications of Taylor Polynomials Review

129

194

195

Radiation from the Stars

210

223

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209

149

1

viii

■

CONTENTS

■

12 VECTORS AND THE GEOMETRY OF SPACE 12.1

Three-Dimensional Coordinate Systems

12.2 12.3 12.4

Vectors 242 The Dot Product 251 The Cross Product 260 Discovery Project

12.5

Equations of Lines and Planes

■

13 VECTOR FUNCTIONS

273

Putting 3D in Perspective

285

287

313

13.1

Vector Functions and Space Curves

13.2 13.3 13.4

Derivatives and Integrals of Vector Functions 324 Arc Length and Curvature 333 Motion in Space: Velocity and Acceleration 348 Review

Problems Plus

271

307

Applied Project

■

■

Cylinders and Quadric Surfaces Review 297

Problems Plus

235

The Geometry of a Tetrahedron

■

Laboratory Project

12.6

235

■

Kepler’s Laws

313

359

360

367

14 PARTIAL DERIVATIVES

373

14.1

Functions of Several Variables

14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7

Limits and Continuity 391 Partial Derivatives 398 Tangent Planes and Linear Approximations 416 The Chain Rule 425 Directional Derivatives and the Gradient Vector 437 Maximum and Minimum Values 449 Applied Project

■

Discovery Project

373

Designing a Dumpster ■

469

Quadratic Approximations and Critical Points

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471

CONTENTS

14.8

Lagrange Multipliers ■

Rocket Science

Applied Project

■

Hydro-Turbine Optimization

Review

Problems Plus

■

474

Applied Project

485

490

505

15 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

511

15.1

Double Integrals over Rectangles

15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7

Iterated Integrals 516 Double Integrals over General Regions 521 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates 534 Applications of Double Integrals 542 Surface Area 553 Triple Integrals 557 Discovery Project

15.8

■

15.9

511

Volumes of Hyperspheres

Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates Discovery Project

■

■

Roller Derby

575 584

594

15.10 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals Review 601

Problems Plus

595

615

16 VECTOR CALCULUS

623

16.1

Vector Fields

16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9

Line Integrals 628 The Fundamental Theorem for Line Integrals Green’s Theorem 643 Curl and Divergence 650 Parametric Surfaces and Their Areas 659 Surface Integrals 673 Stokes’ Theorem 684 The Divergence Theorem 689 Review 694

Problems Plus

574

The Intersection of Three Cylinders

Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates Applied Project

■

488

623

705

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637

582

■

ix

x

■

CONTENTS

■

17 SECOND-ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 17.1

Second-Order Linear Equations

17.2

Nonhomogeneous Linear Equations

17.3

Applications of Second-Order Differential Equations

17.4

Series Solutions Review

■

711

APPENDIX H

711 715

725

729

735

Complex Numbers

735

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720

NOT FOR SALE 10

PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS AND POLAR COORDINATES

10.1 Curves Defined by Parametric Equations 1. { = w2 + w,

| = w2 3 w, 32 $ w $ 2

w

32

31

0

1

2

{

2

0

0

2

6

|

6

2

0

0

2

2. { = w2 ,

w

| = w3 3 4w, 33 $ w $ 3 ±3

±2

±1

0

{

9

4

1

0

|

±15

0

~3

0

3. { = cos2 w,

| = 1 3 sin w, 0 $ w $ @2

w

0

@6

{

1

3@4

|

1

1@2

4. { = h3w + w,

13

@3

@2

1@4

0

I

3 2

E 0=13

0

| = hw 3 w, 32 $ w $ 2

w

32

31

0

1

2

{

h2 3 2

h31

1

h31 + 1

h32 + 2

1=37

2=14

|

32

h31

h2 3 2

1=72

5=39

5=39 h

+2

2=14

1=72 31

h

+1

1=37

1

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© Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

1

2

¤

NOT FOR SALE CHAPTER 10 PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS AND POLAR COORDINATES

5. { = 3 3 4w, | = 2 3 3w

(a) w

31

0

1

2

{

7

3

31

35

|

5

2

31

34

(b) { = 3 3 4w i 4w = 3{ + 3 i w = 3 14 { + 34 , so   | = 2 3 3w = 2 3 3 3 14 { + 34 = 2 + 34 { 3 94 i | = 34 { 3 6. { = 1 3 2w, | =

1 w 2

1 4

3 1, 32 $ w $ 4

(a) w

32

0

2

4

{

5

1

33

37

|

32

31

0

1

(b) { = 1 3 2w i 2w = 3{ + 1 i w = 3 12 { + 12 , so   | = 12 w 3 1 = 12 3 12 { + 12 3 1 = 3 14 { + 14 3 1 i | = 3 14 { 3 34 , with 37 $ { $ 5

7. { = 1 3 w2 , | = w 3 2, 32 $ w $ 2

(a) w

32

31

0

1

2

{

33

0

1

0

33

|

34

33

32

31

0

(b) | = w 3 2 i w = | + 2, so { = 1 3 w2 = 1 3 (| + 2)2 2

i

2

{ = 3(| + 2) + 1, or { = 3| 3 4| 3 3, with 34 $ | $ 0 8. { = w 3 1, | = w3 + 1, 32 $ w $ 2

(a) w

32

31

0

1

2

{

33

32

31

0

1

|

37

0

1

2

9

(b) { = w 3 1 i w = { + 1, so | = w3 + 1 i | = ({ + 1)3 + 1, or | = {3 + 3{2 + 3{ + 2, with 33 $ { $ 1

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© Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

NOT FOR SALE SECTION 10.1

9. { =

(a)

CURVES DEFINED BY PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS

I w, | = 1 3 w

(b) { =

w

0

1

2

3

4

{

0

1

1=414

1=732

2

|

1

0

31

32

I w i w = {2

33

i | = 1 3 w = 1 3 {2 . Since w D 0, { D 0.

So the curve is the right half of the parabola | = 1 3 {2 . 10. { = w2 , | = w3

(a) w

32

31

0

1

2

{

4

1

0

1

4

|

38

31

0

1

8

(b) | = w3

i w=

s 3 |

i { = w2 =

 s 2 3 | = | 2@3 . w M R, | M R, { D 0.

11. (a) { = sin 12 , | = cos 12 , 3 $  $ .

(b)

{2 + | 2 = sin2 12  + cos2 12  = 1. For 3 $  $ 0, we have 31 $ { $ 0 and 0 $ | $ 1. For 0 ?  $ , we have 0 ? { $ 1 and 1 A | D 0. The graph is a semicircle. 12. (a) { =

1 2

cos , | = 2 sin , 0 $  $ .  2 (2{)2 + 12 | = cos2  + sin2  = 1 i 4{2 + 14 | 2 = 1 i

(b)

{2 |2 + 2 = 1, which is an equation of an ellipse with 2 (1@2) 2

{-intercepts ± 12 and |-intercepts ±2. For 0 $  $ @2, we have 1 2

D { D 0 and 0 $ | $ 2. For @2 ?  $ , we have 0 A { D 3 12

and 2 A | D 0. So the graph is the top half of the ellipse.

13. (a) { = sin w> | = csc w, 0 ? w ?

For 0 ? w ?

 2,

 . 2

| = csc w =

1 1 = . sin w {

(b)

we have 0 ? { ? 1 and | A 1. Thus, the curve is the

portion of the hyperbola | = 1@{ with | A 1.

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