Cardiovascular disorders PDF

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Summary

Cardiovascular disorders...

Description

Cardiovascular Disorders 

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Cardiac Ausculatory Landmarks 

APTM - Aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, mitral

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Heart Sounds 

S1-lub sound, high pitched, apex, beginning systoles, closing of mitral and tricuspid valve

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S2- dub, 2nd intercostal space, end of systole, closing of pulmonic and aortic valves, normal sound

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S3- ventricular gallop, low pitched, apex, early diastole, early and rapid filling of ventricles, common in children, sometimes in older (50) adult and last trimester of pregnancy

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S4-ventricular gallop, low pitched sound, apex, late in diastole before S1, atrium is filling against increased resistance of ventricle, as in CAD, CHF, may be normal in athletes and children

Pulses 

0,1,2,3,4

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Unequal pulses are significant findings

MAP = [(2 x diastolic)+systolic] / 3 Must be at least 60 mm Hg to maintain adequate blood flow through coronary arteries and perfuse major organs (brain)

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Best indicator of fluid balance is weight - 2.2 lb = 1 kg = 1 L of fluid

Sinus bradycardia (SB) has the same conduction pathway as sinus rhythm, but the sinoatrial node fires at a rate of...