Carl Rogers - Summary Introduction to Psychology PDF

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Summary of Roger's theory....

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PERSON-CENTERED THEORY: CARL ROGERS (85) ○ founder of CLIENT-CENTERED THERAPY.

○ ideal self + self image + harmony = IDENTICAL

○ more concerned with helping people rather than focusing on how they behave.

○ ideal self + self image + no harmony = DISCREPANCY

○ crafted this to meet his own demands for a structural model that could explain and predict outcomes of his therapy. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS 1. FORMATIVE TENDENCY (simple→complex) ○ all matter (organic/inorganic) tends to evolve from simpler to more complex forms. ○ example: complex organisms develop from single and its consciousness evolves from primitive unconscious to highly organized awareness. Therefore, universe is constantly expanding, organic matter evolves into more complex forms.

SELF-CONCEPT (aspects of one’s identity that perceived in awareness) View you have of SELF-IMAGE yourself. SELF-ESTEEM/ How much value you SELF-WORTH place on yourself. 2nd subsystem of self. What you wish you were really like. IDEAL-SELF What you’d like to be ORGANISMIC SELF (hungry = find food = tastes good) Wide gap between the ideal self & self-concept indicates INCONGRUENCE/UNHEALTHY PERSONALITY.

2. ACTUALIZING TENDENCY A. POSITIVE REGARD ○ all matter tends to move towards completion or fulfillment of potentials and the only motive people possess.

○ this need is probably learned.

○ all creatures strive to make the very best of their existence.

○ regarded positively by others and not withdrawn if person does something wrong.

○ source of psychological growth and maturity lies within each of us.

B. UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF

○ includes acceptance, love, approval from other

○ accept the person for what he or she is. ○ love is granted fully and freely.

○ infants begin to develop a vague concept of self when a portion of their experience becomes personalized and differentiated in awareness as “I or ME EXPERIENCES” (evolvement of the tendency to actualize the self). SELF-ACTUALIZATION ○ subset of the actualizing tendency. ○ tendency to actualize the self as perceived in the awareness. ○ in order to achieve this, they must be in the state of CONGRUENCE = person’s ideal self is congruent with their self-image.

C. CONDITIONAL POSTIVE REGARD ○ praise/approval depends upon the child. ○ constantly seeks approval from others. ○ ex: behaving ways what the parents think correct (approved by parents). D. POSITIVE SELF-REGARD ○ need for positive regard from others. ○ superego of Freud.

PERSON-CENTERED THEORY: CARL ROGERS (85) NEEDS Maintenance Needs Food, air, safety. Tendency to resist change and maintain self-concept. Enhancement Needs Needs to grow and realize one’s full human potential. PERSON OF TOMORROW ○ psychologically healthy person is called fully functioning person or person of tomorrow. ○ has 7 characteristics (has positive definitions). IMAGE OF HUMAN NATURE 1. Free Will 2. Nurture 3. Teleology 4. Growth 5. Optimism...