Virgilio Enriquez - Summary Introduction to Psychology PDF

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SIKOLOHIYANG PILPINO: VIRGILIO G. ENRIQUEZ (52)○ INDIGENIZATION FROM WITHIN: emerge from the experiences of the people from the indigenous culture.○ the study of DIWA/PSYCHE: wealth of ideas referred to by the philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts from awaren...

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SIKOLOHIYANG PILPINO: VIRGILIO G. ENRIQUEZ (52) ○ INDIGENIZATION FROM WITHIN: emerge from the experiences of the people from the indigenous culture.

(4) PSYCHO-MEDICAL SYSTEM with religion as cohesive element and explanation.

○ the study of DIWA/PSYCHE: wealth of ideas referred to by the philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts from awareness to motives to behavior.

MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF SP AS AN INDIGENOUS ASIAN PSYCHOLOGY

○ the psychology born out of the experience, thought and orientations of Filipinos. ○ anchored on Filipino thought and experiences as understood from a Filipino perspective.

• empirical philosophy, academic-scientific psychology, the ideas and teachings of Ricardo Pascual, logical analysis of language. • rational philosophy, the clerical tradition, phenomenology, Thomistic philosophy/psych. • liberalism, PH propaganda movement, the writing of Philippine heroes, ethnic psych.

VIRGILIO G. ENRIQUEZ ○ Father of Filipino Psychology ○ Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino ○ Founder of Pambansang Samahan ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino FOUR (4) FILIATIONS OF SP ○ ZEUS SALAZAR: a historian and later he examined the history of SP and came up with a description of the four filiations of Philippine psychology. (1) THE ACADEMIC-SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY: coincide with the birth of scientific psychology and entry of Western psychology at Philippine universities. (2) ACADEMIC-PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY: was pursued by the UST and later other schools of higher learning, under the leadership of individual monks and preachers and the Jesuits. The study of psychology as an aspect of philosophy continued in the tradition of Thomistic philosophy and psychology. (3) ETHNIC PSYCHOLOGY: major basis of SP for integrating Academic-Scientific and Academic-Philosophical tradition into a national tradition of Psychology and Philosophy. This includes indigenous psychology, psychology of Filipinos & practice of psychology by Filipinos.

○ SP ‘s principal emphasis in psychology is on identity and national consciousness, social awareness and involvement, psychology of language and culture, and applications and bases of Filipino psychology in health practices, agriculture, art, mass, media, religion. ○ SP’s principal methods of investigation, SP encourages cross-indigenous method, multimethod multi-language approach, appropriate field method, total approach (triangular method). ○ in terms of areas of protest, SP is against a psychology that perpetuates the colonial status of the Filipino mind. It is against a psychology used for the exploitation of the masses, it is also against the imposition to a 3 rd World country of psychologies developed in industrialized country. ○ regarding psychological practice, it endorses the conceptualization of psychological practice in a Philippine context. For example, livelihood psych instead of IO, health psych instead of clin. It is concerned with folk practices or indigenous techniques of healing, popular religio-political movements and community or rural psychology. ○ on science-humanism issue, SP is concerned w/ both (scientific & humanistic). It develops psych as a science and as an art. ○ on the mentalism-behaviorism issue, SP admits both but with lesser emphasis on individual experience and with greater emphasis

SIKOLOHIYANG PILPINO: VIRGILIO G. ENRIQUEZ (52) on the collective experience of a people with a common bond of history. Greater importance is attached to KAMALAYAN (psyche), subsidiary importance attached to ULIRAT (the lower level of physical consciousness). DEVELOPMENT OF INDIGENOUS CONCEPTS AND THEORIES (Rethinking Filipino Values)

(1) BAHALA NA ○ no exact English translation but was compared with Fatalism by Bostrom. ○ the Filipino attitude that makes him accept sufferings & problems, leaving everything to God

(3) UTANG NA LOOB ○ Kaut: debt of gratitude. ○ Andres: principle of reciprocity incurred when an individual helps another. The person helped then feels an obligation to repay the debt in the future when the helper himself is in need of aid or he may repay his debt by sending gifts. It is often not clear when a debt has been fully paid, so that the relationship becomes an ongoing one. ○ Hollnsteiner: recipient of the favor is forced to show his gratitude properly by returning the favor with interest. ○ It is not debt but gratitude or solidarity.

○ Bahala na ang Diyos: this attitude is a fatalistic resignation or withdrawal from an engagement or crisis or a shirking from personal responsibility. This’ defined by Thomas Andres who published Dictionary of Filipino Culture and Values.

(4) KAPWA

○ SP perspective interprets this differently. It is not fatalism but determination and risk-taking.

○ it was not maintaining smooth interpersonal relationships that Filipinos are most concerned with but the PAKIKIPAGKAPWA: treating the other person as kapwa or fellow human being

(2) HIYA

○ core of Filipino Social Psychology. ○ heart of the structure of Filipino values. ○ covers the concept of self and others.

○ Sibley: shame ○ Lynch: uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position or unacceptable action. ○ Andres: ingredient in why Filipinos overspend during fiestas in order to please their visitors even to the extent of going into debt. ○ Bonifacio: embarrassing (nakakahiya)

IBANG TAO (OUTSIDER) 1. Pakikitungo 2.Pakikisalamuh a 3. Pakikilahok 4. Pakikibagay 5. Pakikisama

: placed awkward position

: embarrassment (kahihiyan)

1.Pakikipag palagayang-loob 2. Pakikisangkot

○ Salazar: expounded on affixation and showed the internal and external aspects of hiya. ○ After all is said and done, hiya is not shame but sense of propriety.

interaction w/ joining or participating. conformity/ accord with. being along with.

HINDI IBANG TAO

(napahiya) : embarrassed someone (ikinahiya)

transaction or civility with.

3. Pakikiisa

being in rapport, understanding or acceptance with. getting involved highest level or being one with.

(5) PAKIKIRAMDAM

SIKOLOHIYANG PILPINO: VIRGILIO G. ENRIQUEZ (52) ○ request to feel or to be sensitive to. ○ shared feeling, a kind of emotional a priori. ○ feeling for another, great care and deliberation. ○ it is the indirect pattern of communication of Filipinos. Examples: expressive body language, voice intonations that say more than the words themselves. (6) PURI AND DANGAL ○ Salazar: internality-externality component in the Filipino personality, honor. ○ PURI: honor which is physical. Can be seen through compliments or applauses for a good performance. It can also refer to virginity which is a virtue expected of unmarried Filipino women. ○ DANGAL: honor from within, knowledge of true worth, character, achievement, success. GREAT CULTURE DIVIDE ○ Filipinos who have maintained a more massoriented worldview, culture and way of life. ○ they read komiks, listen to soap operas/ radio, watch television and visit the indigenous healers for both physical/mental/emotional ailments. ○ they look down on people on the other side of the divide = not regionalism. ○ REGIONALISM: it is a myth, woven to sow disunity among Filipinos. ○ It is here where we witness a disparity. ○ the concept of this is a legacy which Enriquez has left behind, food for serious thought, for both academician and layman alike....