Ccis - Lecture notes chapter1-6, exam1 PDF

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Chapter One | Information SystemsApplied Business Computing Concepts

Chapter One Objectives • Examine change at blinding speeds, why it's vital, and what it means to you. • Understand Information Technology and how it courses through every aspect of business.

• Identify system and application software and know what they do. • Recognize different operating systems, their differences, and where they fit into business. Chapter One | Information SystemsApplied Business Computing Concepts

Everything Changes.•1903: Orville and Wilbur Wright invent the airplane.

•1953: Watson, Crick, Wilkens discover the double helix. •1969: Armstrong & Aldrin walk on the moon. •2004: SpaceShipOne goes to space. •2012: Unmanned SpaceX Dragon supplies the

ISS. •2015: SpaceX Falcon 9 lands upright.

•2015: Airbus E-Fan (electric airplane) crosses English Channel. •2019: New-Wave Nuclear Power (MIT) •202X: The end of lying, facial recognition advances.

•20XX: Google Live (formerly Google Earth) goes online. How fast does information technology change? 1999: MP3 player cost $450 and held 10 songs. MP3 players are replaced by smartphones Why is it important to understand that technology changes? 1965: Moore’s Law Chapter One | Information SystemsApplied Business Computing Concepts

Definition: Business Information Technology•Study •Design

•Implementation •Support •Management ...of a computer-based information system, particularly software and hardware.

Aspects of Business Information Systems:•People* •Competency •Attitude •Critical Thinking •Best Practice Chapter One | Information SystemsApplied Business Computing Concepts

Gordon Moore, cofounder of Intel.Moore’s Law, 1965: Computer processing power will double every eighteen months or so. (includes Internet size). Imagine a car maker manufacturing a vehicle that doubles its gas

mileage every eighteen month.

Moore’s Law important in business computing?You are in charge of 1,000 sales representatives and much choose a phone plan for all of them. iPhones? Google phones? VOIP phones? (Get this wrong and you affect your business profoundly.) Keep Moore’s Law in mind when choosing technology Leader – buy the newest technology and maybe get an edge. Follower – wait to see what works and lose the edge. Chapter One | Information SystemsApplied Business Computing Concepts

Types of Business Computing HardwareTangible and physical aspects of

computing hardware. •Mainframe

•Midrange •Microcomputer •Laptops •Desktops •Handheld •Mobile Devices

Definition: System SoftwareAmong other things, system software makes hardware work. Collection of computer programs that accomplish a specific task. Chapter One | Information SystemsApplied Business Computing Concepts

Definition: Operating Systems (Platforms)Collection of computer programs that work together to manage hardware and software and makes sure the computer is working

correctly. •File Management

•Multitasking •Memory Management •Disk Management

Common Business Platforms (OS)•Microsoft Windows •Mac OS •Linux (free) •Unix Chapter One | Information SystemsApplied Business Computing Concepts

Definition: Application Software•Performs particular tasks like creating budgets, resumes, or professional presentations. (Chances of an application software not meeting an enduser’s needs are remote.)

Common Application

Software:•Email •Word Processor •Spreadsheet •Database •Presentation Software •Project Management Software *Business Computing Software: Concerned with four basic applications: spreadsheets, word processors, database, and presentation software. Chapter One | Information SystemsApplied Business Computing Concepts

Definition: Productivity Suites•Collection of business computer application programs of associated functionality that share a common graphical user interface.

•Also called “Software Suites” or “Application Suites” •Allows smooth data exchange •Microsoft Office is the most popular.

What is the most important aspect of learning application software? Attitude Sharing Data Between Software Suites

•Cut & Paste •Embedding (OLE) •Linking (OLE) *OLE stands for Object Linking and Embedding

Chapter Two | Application SoftwareApplied Business Computing Concepts

Chapter Two Objectives • Understand what application software is, what it does, and its relationship to system software. • Examine the role of application software in the business environment.

• Identify important aspects of word processors, spreadsheets, databases, and presentation software. • Recognize other application software in

business like browsers and networks. Chapter Two | Application SoftwareApplied Business Computing Concepts

Application SoftwareDefinition: Performs tens of thousands of specific tasks for an end-user.

• Spreadsheets • Database • Presentations, etc.

Extremely Powerful!*Needs a platform (operating system) to work Never underestimate the power of application software. The chances that it will not do what you want are remote. The end-user’s attitude when using application software is extremely important. “Knowing” an application software can do a specific task is paramount in learning. Chapter Two | Application SoftwareApplied Business Computing Concepts

Business Application Software SuitesApplication Software(s) like Microsoft Office (365) or Adobe Creative Cloud are sold together in one package. Three to five basic business applications: • Spreadsheet

• Database • Word Processor • Presentation software • Project Management Software

Applications that work alone or together...• Facilitates ease-of-use • Similar functionality • Similar Graphical User Interface (GUI) • Presented in windows • Multitasking Chapter Two | Application SoftwareApplied Business Computing Concepts

Word Processing Software • For creating documents

• Updating documents • Editing documents • Saved to secondary memory (hard drive, cloud drive, solid state, etc.)

Microsoft Word vs. Adobe Acrobat? • Which one is better? • Can a word processor make a difference in business? Chapter Two | Application SoftwareApplied Business Computing Concepts

Case Study / The Cloud Server vs. FedEx A large Property Management Company (PMC) with 2,000 properties nationwide has a legal department that sends (via FedEx) contracts to each property printed in Microsoft Word. The properties receive the contract, make appropriate changes, and FedEx them back. Annual cost to the PMC is 2 million in

FedEx charges and employees. A young college graduate suggest switching from Microsoft Word to Adobe Acrobat (PDF) and saving them on a Cloud Drive Server. What are the benefits? What about PMC employees? Chapter Two | Application SoftwareApplied Business Computing Concepts

Spreadsheets • Interface of information in a grid form • Separated by columns and rows • Often for financial calculations • Supports graphing • Provide a “what-if” scenario

What if You Start a Business? • Revenue / Expense • Profit / Loss Chapter Two | Application SoftwareApplied Business Computing Concepts

Database Software • Well thought out collection of files • Consists of records (row) • Separated by fields (columns) • Can be queried • Often called a Database Management System (DBMS) Database software is one of the most commonly used in business, and perhaps the most important. A database query is only limited by imagination and the fields in the database. Querying is the most important function in a DBMS Chapter Two | Application SoftwareApplied Business Computing Concepts

Presentation Software • Displays information • Often in a slide show • Often on-screen • Projected for an audience

• Very easy to build Allows user to:

• Edit, update, insert, and delete text • Include graphics • Include video • Include hypertext Presentations should never be read word for word!Chapter Two | Application SoftwareApplied Business Computing Concepts

Presentation Software • Displays information • Often in a slide show • Often on-screen • Projected for an audience • Very easy to build Allows user to: • Edit, update, insert, and delete text

• Include graphics • Include video • Include hypertext Presentations should never be read word for word!

Chapter Two | Application SoftwareApplied Business Computing Concepts

Sharing Information Between ApplicationsCalculations are made in Excel and need to be reflected in the Word portion of the proposal. What is the best way to share data between the two? • Cut & Paste / Copy & Paste / Static. Copy & paste the appropriate number from Excel to Word. If the Excel calculation changes, will it be reflected in Word? • OLE / Object Linking & Embedding / Embedding / Static. Like Copy & Paste, allows user to embed an entire section from one application to another, but still static. • OLE / Object Linking & Embedding / Linking / Dynamic. Like embedding,

but if the source file changes, it will be reflected in the destination file. Chapter Two | Application SoftwareApplied Business Computing Concepts

Specialized Application Software Image Editing Software like Adobe Photoshop

• Raster graphics • Vector graphics Web Authoring Application Software like Web.com, Wix.com, Wordpress, and Adobe Dreamweaver

• Intention • Viewers • Content • Design layout • Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Microsoft Office SharePoint Designer • Intranet Chapter Two | Application SoftwareApplied Business Computing Concepts

Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERPs)• Incorporates all data and processes of a business into one integrated system

• Single database • SAP AG • PeopleSoft

Collaborative Application Software• Conversational Interaction • Digital Interaction • Webinar • SkypeChapter Two | Application SoftwareApplied Business Computing Concepts

Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERPs)• Incorporates all data and processes of a business into one integrated system

• Single database • SAP AG

• PeopleSoft

Collaborative Application Software• Conversational Interaction • Digital Interaction • Webinar

Chapter Three Objectives • Understand why it's important to know what goes on inside a system unit. • Identify important aspects of the system unit and how they lead to purchasing decisions.

• Recognize and understand machine language and how it's input and output.

• Examine different input and output devices and their role in business. Chapter Three | Inside the ComputerApplied Business Computing Concepts

Choosing and buying a car. • You may not know how it works. • It starts every time. • It sounds good. • No immediate problems. • Its clean and looks good. Does it really matter if you know how an alternator, sparkplug, or wheel bearing works? If it breaks, will you or someone else fix it? What if you have to buy or lease 200 cars for your business; now is it worth it to know miles per gallon, leasing options, maintenance history, reliability, etc.? Chapter Three | Inside the ComputerApplied Business Computing Concepts

Choosing and buying

technology. • You may not know how it works. • It seems to work every time. Does it really matter if you know how an motherboard, bus line, or system unit works? If it breaks, will you or someone else fix it? What if you have to get 1,400 tablet (Microsoft Surface or Apple iPad) computers for your sales force? (Getting this decision wrong has devastating consequences.) Leader / Follower Decision. Consumption Device (iPad) or Creation Device (Surface) Does knowing how a computer works matter now? Chapter Three | Inside the ComputerApplied Business Computing Concepts

The System Unit • Main body of the computer. • Contains the motherboard.

• Contains assorted computer components. • Power supply • Cooling fan • Disk drive(s) / Solid State Drive (SSD) / Cloud Drive • Primary memory • Secondary memory • Expansion cards / slots Based on Moore’s Law, will the technology purchased today be essentially outdated in 18 months? If you purchased 1,200 internal hard drives at 90% off, are they worth it with the evolution of Cloud Computing? Chapter Three | Inside the ComputerApplied Business Computing Concepts

The Motherboard • Sometimes called a System Board or Logic Board. • Essentially a circuit board. • Printed Circuit Board (PCB) • Replaces loose wiring.

• Reduced size. • Made of non-conductive plastic. The motherboard is analogous to land that contains buildings, roads, and infrastructure. Imagine a large piece of land with an enormous distribution center in the middle, with roads from all points of the compass. The distribution center is the microprocessor on the motherboard. Chapter Three | Inside the ComputerApplied Business Computing Concepts

The Microprocessor • The “brains” of the computer. • Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Measured in Clock Rate. • Interprets program instructions. • Processes data. • Gives the computer the ability to be programmed. The microprocessor is the distribution center in land. Microprocessors use

different algorithms to process bits. • 8 bits in a byte (essentially one character)

• 1,024 bytes in a kilobyte • 1,024 kilobytes in a megabyte • 1,024 megabytes in a gigabyte • 1,024 gigabytes in a terabyte • 1,024 terabytes in a petabyte Chapter Three | Inside the ComputerApplied Business Computing Concepts

Bus Lines • Pathways that transfer data and power. • Controlled by software to connect to devices • Measured in width. Land Analogy: Wal-Mart's super efficient distribution center (microprocessor) sits on an enormous piece of land (motherboard) and has 4 two-lane roads (bus lines) leading to it from all points of the compass. Does it matter how super efficient the distribution center (microprocessor) is if the roads (bus lines) are jammed up?

What if you worked for a business that sold computers with the fastest microprocessors available attached to slow motherboards? (low-width bus lines) Chapter Three | Inside the ComputerApplied Business Computing Concepts

Binary Systems • Made up of 2 parts • In the case of a computer, a ‘1’ or a ‘0’, which are bits. • 8 bits in a byte. Example: 01000001 = the letter ‘A’ Most microcomputers use the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

Power Supply Unit (PSU) • Converts Alternating Current (AC) to Direct Current (DC)

• Some PSU can sense a wide range of AC. If your business purchases computers, do they

consider the PSU if they are global? Chapter Three | Inside the ComputerApplied Business Computing Concepts

System Units Store Memory, Retains Memory, Process Memory Memory holds information that is electronically stored on a computer like spreadsheets, images, and data.

Two types of memory: • Primary Memory (Volatile) • What the user is currently working on. • Secondary Memory (Non-volatile) • Where information is stored. Memory is stored as a 1 or a 0 and translated for a human with computer screens, keyboards, microphones, etc.Chapter Three | Inside the ComputerApplied Business Computing Concepts

System Units Store Memory, Retains Memory, Process

Memory Memory holds information that is electronically stored on a computer like spreadsheets, images, and data.

Two types of memory: • Primary Memory (Volatile) • What the user is currently working on. • Secondary Memory (Non-volatile) • Where information is stored. Memory is stored as a 1 or a 0 and translated for a human with computer screens, keyboards, microphones, etc. Chapter Three | Inside the ComputerApplied Business Computing Concepts

Primary StorageRandom Access Memory (RAM, Volatile)

• In the form of RAM Chipsets mounted on motherboard • Allows data to be accessed in any order

• No physical movement

Secondary StorageHard drive, cloud

drive, SSD, etc. (Non-volatile) • Spinning device (hard drive or optical disc)

• Does not require electricity Secondary storage (hard drive) is like a metal filing cabinet where files are stored. Files can be taken out of the filing cabinet and placed on a desk (RAM) for use. Once the user is done working with the file, like making changes or whole new files, it is returned to the metal filing cabinet (secondary storage). Chapter Three | Inside the ComputerApplied Business Computing Concepts

Input and Output Devices • Translates Machine Code • Turns ‘1s’ and ‘0s’ into output. • Turns input into ‘1s’ and ‘0s’ Input is data and information that enters a computer and is translated into machine code like through a keyboard or microphone. Output is data and information that exits a

computer system and is translated for human comprehension, like a computer monitor or speaker.

Chapter Four Objectives • Understand operating systems, what they do, and their connection to business. • Examine the role of an operating system and what it provides.

• Recognize the varied roles that different operating systems have in business. • Examine how operating systems are kept up to date and protect an organization. Chapter Four | Operating SystemsApplied Business Computing Concepts

Understanding Platforms (Operating Systems) • Configures the computer • Collection of computer programs • Administers hardware and software • Controls and allocates memory • Administers input and output • Manages the filing system • More often called a ‘platform’ than an operating system.

Common Business Computing Platforms • Microsoft Windows • Mac OS • Unix • Linux Chapter Four | Operating SystemsApplied Business Computing Concepts

Operating System Facts When a computer is powered up, hundreds of

system software programs automatically configure the computer and find and enable the operating system. An operating system is considered ‘system software’, whereas a program like Microsoft Excel or Adobe Photoshop are considered “application software’. Application software resides on an operating system, therefore, application software does not work without system software. Chapter Four | Operating SystemsApplied Business Computing Concepts

What an Operating System Provides• Processes / Multitasking • The ability to run more than one process at a time. • Memory Management / Storage • CPU Cache • Random Access Memory (RAM) • Registers

• Virtual Memory • Disk Storage

Processing / MultitaskingIn the early days of computing, computers could only do one thing at a time. If you were working with a spreadsheet, printing a document in a word processor meant having to save your spreadsheet, exit the spreadsheet software, turn on the word processor, etc. Multitasking lets you run both, or many application software at once. Chapter Four | Operating SystemsApplied Business Computing Concepts

Memory Management / Storage Operating system coordinate and arrange the computer’s memory which includes cache, RAM, registers, and virtual memory. and facilitate disk storage.

CPU Cache: Small, very quick memory that stores copies on information that is most regularly used. RAM: Primary storage that can be accessed in any order without physical movement which makes it very fast, and where “work’ is done. Registers: Very fast, small amounts of memory used to quicken computer programs to access calculated values. Chapter Four | Operating SystemsApplied Business Computing Concepts

Virtual MemoryUsed to coordinated, track, and all...