Ch. 15 Notes - American Pageant Chapter 15 PDF

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American Pageant Chapter 15...

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Kevin Hou

Chapter 15 Notes

11-16-17

Reviving Religion ● Most Americans still incorporated church into their lives. ○ Religion had changed since the colonial era though. ● Rigid ideology of Calvinism had given way to new radical ideas that came about during French revolution. ○ Thomas Paine argued in his popular book, Age of Reason that churches were set up to monopolize power and profit. ● Many American revolutionaries embraced Deism. ○ Deists valued reason rather than revelation. They rejected concepts of sin and Christian divinity. ● Second Great Awakening greatly affected the U.S. ○ A key feature of the second great awakening was the feminization of religion. ■ Women made up the majority of new church members. ■ Cult of Domesticity and more exposure outside of the domestic sphere in factories spurred this change. ● Cult of Domesticity wanted women to be knowledgeable in religion so they could teach their kids. ○ The U.S. witnessed an increase in education as religious groups started schools and encouraged literacy. ○ Industrialization caused people to be less involved in their religion and spend more time in the factories. ■ Religious groups wanted to change this. Denominational Diversity ● The religious revivals widened the divides between religious sects, class lines, and regions. ○ By 1844-1845, the Baptists and the Methodists split over a disagreement about slavery. ■ Secession of southern churches foreshadowed southern political secession. A Desert Zion in Utah ● Joseph Smith founded the Mormon religion in 1830. ● A religious oligarchy, the Mormons worked and voted as one, which angered other individualistic Americans. ○ John Smith and his brother was murdered in 1844. The angry Mormons moved westwards to Utah to escape religious persecution. ● The Mormons built up a desert oasis - they irrigated the soil and built up desert towns. ● Mormon polygamist practices delayed the admittance of Utah as a state into the Union.

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Kevin Hou

Chapter 15 Notes

11-16-17

Free Schools for a Free People ● Tax-supported schools were scarce in the early years of the U.S. because the wealthy did not want to pay for the education of the “rabble”. o Eventually, conservative America saw it as necessary to educate the masses in order to maintain order. ● Education system was flawed: teachers were impatient and often times not much older than the students. o Horace Mann advocated for educational reform. He campaigned the Massachusetts board of education for better schoolhouses, expanded curriculum, and higher salaries for teachers. Higher Goals for Higher Learning ● Religious zeal of second great awakening resulted in the rise of many small denominational liberal arts colleges. ● Federal land grants gave rise to state institutions like UVA. ● Women and blacks slowly gained more access to higher education. ● Traveling lecturers helped educate the masses through the lyceum lecture associations. o Provided platforms for speaker in areas such as science, literature, and moral philosophy. Demon Rum – The “Old Deluder” ● Heavy drinking was a major problem that many reformers tried to tackle. o Drinking decreased worker productivity, caused domestic issues at home, and posed a physical threat to the meshwork of society. ● The American Temperance Society was formed in Boston in 1826. o Members implored drinkers to sign the temperance pledge. ● Neal S. Dow of main sponsored the Main Law of 1851 which prohibited the sale and manufacture of liquor. o First prohibition law in America. Women in Revolt ● Women in America were very much oppressed, but they received much better treatment than their counterparts in Europe. ● Gender differences were emphasized in America due to growing market economy and how men and women had their distinct economic roles. ● Feminists met in 1848 at the Woman’s Rights Convention at Seneca falls where Elizabeth Cady Stanton read the ‘Declaration of Sentiments”, which was kind of a parody of the Declaration of Independence that declared all men and women are created equal. 2

Kevin Hou

Chapter 15 Notes

11-16-17

o They demanded women’s suffrage. ● Oneida Community was a radical experiment where women were given many rights. o They practiced free love and male birth control. Artistic Achievement ● America chose to imitate Old World styles rather than create new ones. o Federal style imitated old Greek and roman architecture of symmetry and balance. ● America also struggled to find its own style of painting. Eventually, many American painters settled with painting local landscapes. The Blossoming of a National Literature ● America was very practical. Our technology, inventions, artwork, and literature were all based on practicality. o Inventions were intended to help make life easier and famous works of literature like Common Sense had political and revolutionary roots.

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