Ch. 10 Review - American Pageant Chapter 10 PDF

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American Pageant Chapter 10...

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Kevin Hou

Chapter 10 Notes

10/22/17

Washington for President  Only president unanimously elected by electoral college  3 positions in cabinet: secretary of war, treasury, and state. o Thomas Jefferson = State, Alexander Hamilton = Treasury, Henry Knox = War Bill or Rights  Pleased antifederalists by preserving individual liberties.  Judiciary Act of 1789 created a supreme court and circuit courts. Also established Attorney General office. Hamilton sets out to fix economic problems  Plan was to create fiscal policy that favored wealthier groups and the money from the top would trickle down to the masses.  Funding at par o All debts including war bonds would be paid off at face value plus interest.  Federal government took responsibility for state’s debts. o Appeased Virginia by allowing D.C. to be near them.  Hamilton believed some debt was good because it made all the creditors have a personal share in the outcome of the government.  Excise Tax o Hamilton taxed a few domestic goods like whiskey. Only poorer people drank whiskey. Bank of the U.S. (BUS)  Hamilton wanted a national bank, Jefferson did not. o Rivalry between Hamilton and Jefferson evolved into the 2 political parties.  Jefferson said that the Constitution did not say anything about a bank so the 10th amendment gives that power to the states. o Hamilton invoked the elastic clause and the B.U.S. was founded in 1791. Whiskey Rebellion (SW PA 1794)  Countrymen were angered by excise tax and revolted to challenge national government by tarring and feathering officials.  Washington sent militia of several states to crush rebellion. He succeeded. o Earned the new government respect for its new strength. French Revolution  Americans supported the cause initially, but lost enthusiasm during reign of terror.  Deterioration of Franco-American relationships. Neutrality Proclamation  Washington declared that the U.S. would remain neutral in old world affairs. He did this because the English and French were fighting.

Kevin Hou

Chapter 10 Notes

10/22/17

Embroilments with Britain  Britain ignored U.S. neutrality and engaged in impressment of U.S. sailors  Battle of Fallen Timbers o The British abandoned their Indian allies in battle o Indians signed peace treaty with U.S. ceding Indiana and Ohio. The U.S. gave the Indians 20,000$ and the rights of a sovereign state. Jay’s Treaty  Chief Justice John Jay was sent to Britain to create a treaty to avoid war over impressment.  A terrible deal: the U.S. agreed to pay off all pre-revolutionary war debts while the British agreed to pay for damages of impressment. Nothing about stopping impressment was mentioned. Pinkney’s Treaty of 1795  Spain feared that they would be shadowed by the new Anglo-American Jay’s treaty so they gave the U.S. free navigation of the Mississippi, the right to deposit and New Orleans, and parts of Florida. Unofficial Fighting with France  France was angry with the British Jay’s Treaty  France rejected U.S. diplomatic efforts and asked for 250,000$ just to speak with French officials. This was the XYZ affair  XYZ affair caused us to prepare for way o Navy, army, and marines were expanded.  The only bloodshed occurred at sea however. Federalist Witch Hunt  Hamiltonians used French conflict to establish laws against pro-French Jeffersonians.  Alien and Sedition Laws o Alien Laws gave the president permission to deport dangerous foreigners in times or peace and imprison them in times of hostilities. o Sedition Act declared that anyone who impeded government duties or defamed officials would be liable to fines/prison time. o Several Jeffersonians were charged and imprisoned for antifederalist propaganda.  Jefferson established Virginia and Kentucky resolutions in response. o He feared that these laws would stamp out Democratic-Republican party and pave the way for a one-party dictatorship. o Invoked theory that federal government derived their powers from states. Virginia and Kentucky declared that the 2 acts were unconstitutional....