Chance Ch 9 - Interteaching PDF

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Questions and answers derived from the textbook for CH 9....

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Chance Ch9 – Interteaching Questions Part A REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Definitions CIMT: Constraint-induced movement therapy, an experiment with human stroke victims. Goldiamond’s paradox: An idea that states “bizarre behavior must occur not only when reinforcement is available, but also at times when reinforcement is unavailable.” 2. Yes, lack of operant learning opportunities may cause brain development. 3. When he/she doesn’t receive the reinforcements when need to, they can easily become a quitter. 4. This could be because of the consequences teachers immediately get. For example, when they raise a student, it “wouldn’t” affect others to participate in a same kind of behavior, but when they punish a student, it can immediately affect others to keep the classroom silent. It is just an easy but non-effective method to do. 5. Because operant principles are well applied, such as immediate feedbacks (reinforcers). 6. Some of the illnesses might be one of the facts that lead a failure of a behavior, however; these can be significantly reduced by operant applications, those that apply to the behavior itself. 7. They could be sometimes, in some cases. If the delusion comes from a learning history, we can then consider it as it may be a superstitious behavior. 8. I think there is no way of knowing whether it will be effective or not, unless doing the research. 9. Reinforcement of productivity and safe practices would improve the workplace environment of employees. 10. I would try to make their environment more real, such as giving them a “prey” and provide them to experience a (partly) wild life, which therefore make their lives better. Pa r tB 1. Which is the better way of reducing the frequency of misbehavior in students, time out or differential reinforcement? Differential reinforcement would be a better (more efficient) way of doing it. 2. Mary-Lou, aged 3 years, still does not speak. Medical examination reveals that she is in perfect health. Testing shows that she has normal intelligence. Her parents do not abuse her; in fact, they spoil her shamelessly. What is the most likely explanation for Mary-Lou’s failure to speak? If the parents don’t reinforce her talking but spoil her in every behavior she does, then it is likely for her to not attempt in speaking. 3. The author of your text suggests that operant procedures may be useful not only in treating medical disorders, but also in assessing them. Describe how operant learning was used to assess the learning ability of infants born prematurely. It can be used by operant procedures such as shaping. We can therefore understand if the infant has a learning ability or any other mental disorders.

4. Researchers have demonstrated that the rate of work-related accidents can be reduced by reinforcing safe practices with bonuses and time off, but why are such efforts necessary? In other words, why do workers not follow safe practices spontaneously since they benefit by avoiding injuries? Sometimes it’d seem like an unnecessary to do, or maybe because it’s time-consuming or requires an extra effort to do. 5. How could you use operant procedures to improve the adoption rate of orphans aged five to twelve? I could use operant procedures for the orphans aged 5-12 in various ways. For example, it can be used to adopt the orphans easily in their new families....