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Psychological Testing and Assessment Testbank...

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Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

Chapter 03 A Statistics Refresher

Multiple Choice Questions 1. In a research study, subjects are categorized as either "hospitalized" or "never hospitalized." This type of categorization is referred to as A. random. B. continuous. C. discrete. D. prime.

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2. Bjornsen & Archer (2015) found that students who habitually used cell phones during class A. scored better grades than those who did not. B. scored about the same grades as those who did not. C. scored worse grades than those who did not. D. were less responsive to questions raised by the instructor.

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3. Imtiaz et al. (2016) studied the relationship between cannabis use and physical health. Colin (2015) studied the correlates of police use of force. The two studies had something in common; it was the fact that they both A. were conducted in Denver, Colorado. B. employed police officers as subjects. C. used meta-analysis to draw conclusions. D. All of these

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3-1 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

4. Dr. Joni Mihura's career is distinguished by the fact that she was the only woman who served on the research council for the A. Rorschach Comprehensive System. B. MMPI-2 & Rorschach Comparison Project. C. Psychological Bulletin special issue on the Rorschach. D. PsychInfo Rorschach data base.

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5. Dr. Joni Mihura first began reviewing the literature on the Rorschach to A. ensure that she was using a valid test with her clients. B. ensure that she was teaching her students to use a valid tool of assessment. C. contest the results of an unfavorable score on a state licensing examination. D. prepare a detailed comparison of its efficacy with the Holtzman Inkblot Technique.

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6. According to Dr. Joni Mihura, the Rorschach is the psychological test with the ___________ meta-analyses for its scales. A. least construct validity B. most construct validity C. most concurrent validity D. least concurrent validity

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7. Dr. Joni Mihura's Rorschach research had the effect of inspiring the creation of the A. R-PAS. B. R-CAS. C. R-SPA. D. R-SAC.

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Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

8. Dr. Joni Mihura reported that there are over ____ psychology journal articles in the PsycINFO data base that are classified as empirical studies. A. 10,000 B. 100,000 C. 1 million D. 10 million

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9. Dr. Joni Mihura's Rorschach research resulted in A. the development of a more contemporary inkblot measure. B. a ban on the use of the Rorschach with pediatric patients. C. critics removing a recommended moratorium on the Rorschach. D. the creation of an innovative Rorschach "app."

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10. As reported in your textbook by Dr. Joni Mihura, a 1952 study authored by Hans Eysenck concluded that A. the Rorschach was inappropriate for administration to children. B. all personality tests lacked reliability. C. psychodiagnosis was more an art than a science. D. psychotherapy doesn't work.

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11. Commentators on Eysenck's (1952) article, such as ____, pointed out several problems with Eysenck's methodology. A. John Exner B. Gene Glass C. Albert Bandura D. Hans Strupp

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Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

12. According to Dr. Joni Mihura, some researchers reviewing the findings reported by Eysenck (1952) A. agreed with Eysenck's conclusions. B. disagreed with Eysenck's conclusions. C. both agreed with Eysenck's conclusions and disagreed with Eysenck's conclusions. D. terminated their review prematurely.

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13. According to Dr. Joni Mihura, a distinguishing feature of meta-analytic research is its A. systematic rules for study inclusion. B. formal screening of research biases. C. both systematic rules for study inclusion and formal screening of research biases. D. its rigor with respect to study author credentials.

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14. According to Dr. Joni Mihura, multiscale personality tests may contain over ____ and sometimes over ____ scales that need to be separately evaluated. A. 50; 100 B. 100; 200 C. 200; 400 D. 400; 800

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15. According to Dr. Joni Mihura, meta-analysis for multiscale tests will typically A. focus on one, or a few, but not all, characteristics. B. meta-analyze all of the scales' characteristics. C. meta-analyze data only for the most widely used scales. D. supplement available data with data from published reviews of the multiscale test.

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3-4 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

16. Numbers are assigned to each player on the university basketball team. This use of numbers could BEST be characterized as A. a nominal scale. B. an ordinal scale. C. an interval scale. D. a ratio scale.

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17. An instructor rank-orders students in her measurement class based on their performance on a quiz of Chapter 3 in the textbook. In this instance, the instructor is using which type of scale? A. nominal B. interval C. ordinal D. comparative

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18. Yards gained by running backs during a football game is an example of which type of scale? A. nominal B. ordinal C. interval D. ratio

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19. Miles-per-hour is an example of which type of scale? A. nominal B. ordinal C. ratio D. interval

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Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

20. Which is the only type of scale that has an absolute zero point? A. nominal B. ordinal C. ratio D. interval

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21. Alfred Binet conceived the assignment of numbers to the results of a person's response to questions on an intelligence test to be what type of scale? A. nominal B. ordinal C. interval D. ratio

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22. The data from most psychological tests could BEST be characterized as which level of measurement? A. nominal B. ordinal C. interval D. ratio

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23. The French word for "black" is a convenient acronym for A. five factors measured by Binet's test. B. four levels of measurement. C. four parts of the partitioned normal curve. D. five families of frequency distributions.

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Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

24. A frequency distribution typically includes A. the average score and a measure of diversion around it. B. each possible score and how often it occurs. C. an estimate of how spread out the scores are. D. an index of how "popular" a particular frequency is.

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25. Which is the MOST common factor influencing a decision as to the size of class interval in a grouped frequency distribution? A. the number of scores above the mean B. the size of the mean C. convenience D. the size of the mean and the standard deviation

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26. Frequency distributions may be illustrated in a variety of ways. Which of the following illustrations is the MOST popular of illustrating a frequency distribution? A. a histogram B. a scatterplot C. a pie chart D. a radio dial

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27. In a grouped frequency distribution A. the total of the frequency column is equal to the total number of scores in the distribution. B. test-score intervals replace the actual test scores. C. each test score must fall in only one test-score interval. D. All of these

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Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

28. Measures of central tendency refer to which part of the frequency distribution? A. the high end of the distribution B. the middle of the distribution C. the low end of the distribution D. the very end of the distribution

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29. In calculating the mean of a distribution of test scores, the person analyzing the data takes account of A. only the extreme scores in the distribution. B. only the middle scores in the distribution. C. every score in the distribution. D. the standard scores in the distribution.

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30. The mean, the median, and the mode are all A. measures of central tendency. B. measures of variability. C. measures of dispersion. D. standard scores.

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31. A 100-item achievement test is administered to 30 students. Students earn 1 point for each correct answer. In the test results there are three scores of 95. All of the other students score between 10 and 30. What measure of central tendency would be MOST representative of this set of scores? A. average deviation B. the median C. the mode D. the standard deviation

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Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

32. What is the formula for the arithmetic mean as calculated from a frequency distribution? A. "summation of fx" divided by N B. "summation of the absolute deviations" divided by N C. "summation of x" divided by N D. None of these

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33. For the distribution of test scores 85, 76, 71, 86, and 92, the arithmetic mean is equal to A. 71. B. 85. C. 82. D. 80.

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34. A distribution of test scores has a three-way tie for the most frequently occurring score. This distribution could be described as A. trimedial. B. kurtotic. C. trimodal. D. skewed.

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35. When graphing ratio data, why is it preferable to set the ordinate of the y-axis at 0? A. It is simply the traditional way of doing things, and has no inherent benefit. B. Setting the ordinate to other values may yield an exaggerated impression of the changes in the variable. C. Doing so is the best protection against statistic-based challenges regarding methodology, findings, and conclusions. D. Ratio-level data has a theoretical range from 0 to plus or minus infinity.

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Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

36. Which of the following statistics is the preferred measure of central tendency for a skewed distribution? A. the mean B. the median C. the mode D. None of these

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37. For which type of distribution of scores is the mean the preferred measure of central tendency? A. a symmetrical distribution B. a skewed distribution C. a flat distribution D. a curved distribution

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38. The mean for the set of scores 8, 9, and 7 is A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 24.

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39. T score is to 50 as: A. z score is to 10. B. percentile is to 100. C. stanine is to 5. D. stanine is to 9.

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Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

40. A distribution of test scores is: 75, 92, 96, 88, 75, 62, and 88. This distribution can be characterized as: A. unimodal with a mode of 75. B. bimodal with the modes of 75 and 88. C. unimodal with a mode of 88. D. trimodal with the modes of 96, 92, and 62.

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41. Which statistic describes the most frequently occurring test score? A. the mean B. the median C. the mode D. the range

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42. For which type of data is the mode most frequently used? A. nominal data B. ordinal data C. interval data D. ratio data

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43. Which is the only measure of central tendency that can be used for all nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales of measurement? A. the mode B. the median C. the mean D. the standard deviation

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Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

44. Which statement is TRUE regarding this distribution of scores? 0, 11, 10, 0, 0, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1 A. There is no mode. B. The mode is 0. C. The mode is 1. D. There are two modes, 0 and 1.

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45. Which statement is TRUE regarding this distribution of scores? 1, 2, 2, 3 A. The arithmetic mean is not an integer value. B. The distribution is bimodal. C. There is no mode. D. The arithmetic mean is equal to the mode.

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46. If a distribution of scores has a few extremely low scores and no corresponding high scores, which of the following would be TRUE? A. The mean would be smaller than the median. B. The mean would be larger than the median. C. The mean and the median would be equal. D. The mean, median, and mode would all be the same.

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47. Which statistic conveys the LEAST precise measure of dispersion? A. the range B. the variance C. the standard deviation D. the semi-interquartile range

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Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

48. Which quartile may also be referred to as the median? A. the first quartile B. the second quartile C. the third quartile D. the fourth quartile

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49. The median and the interquartile range are __________ in nature. A. reciprocal B. ordinal C. interval D. opposite

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50. If the standard deviation of a set of test scores is equal to 25, the variance is equal to A. 625. B. 5. C. 50. D. 12.5.

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51. If all scores in a set of test scores were the same, the variance would be equal to A. zero. B. one. C. two. D. None of these

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Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

52. Users of psychological tests are frequently tempted to treat ordinal data as if it were interval data. This is the case because of the A. difficulties that would be encountered if the data were treated as ratio data. B. frequent need to do more than simply rank order test scores. C. data manipulation capabilities given the equal intervals between points measured. D. added flexibility of interval level data for statistical manipulation.

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53. Test users who treat ordinal data as if they were interval data must be constantly alert to the possibility of A. a highly skewed standard error. B. gross inequality of intervals. C. extreme kurtosis in a graphed distribution of test scores. D. legal challenges from the ACLU.

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54. To make data more manageable, it is sometimes converted to graphs or tables. Graphs or tables can be created from A. nominal level data. B. ordinal level data. C. ratio level data. D. All of these

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55. A raw score is so called because it is A. a straightforward, unmodified accounting of performance, usually numerical in nature. B. an untreated estimate of performance on a test prior to placement in a frequency distribution. C. ratio level measurement that has not yet been converted into any sort of graphic form. D. None of these

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Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

56. A simple frequency distribution is labeled as such to indicate that the data in it A. occurs with no particular frequency. B. have not been grouped. C. are not particularly complex. D. have only been averaged using the arithmetic mean.

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57. In a grouped frequency distribution, test-score intervals are also referred to as A. class intervals. B. bandwidth intervals. C. range intervals. D. group intervals.

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58. X is to abscissa as Y is to A. oblongata. B. kudos. C. kurtotic. D. ordinate.

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59. A histogram is a A. graph with vertical lines drawn at each class interval. B. frequency distribution with horizontal lines at each class interval. C. graphic illustration from history with ratio level data. D. surgical procedure once performed on women to treat depression.

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Chapter 03 - A Statistics Refresher

60. On a bar graph comparing men to women with regard to test scores, one would expect to find the gender variable listed on the A. abscissa. B. ordinate. C. frequency polygon. D. appendix.

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61. A distribution of te...